Index. blue stragglers 16, 64, 86, 128, 148 blue supergiant (BSG) 26, 102 bolometric correction 10, 25, 62, 105, 215 BzK criterion 157, 158

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1 261 Index symbols 4000 Å break 118, 124 η Carinae 27 a A accretion 82, 129, 133, 138, , 223 accretion efficiency 196 accretion induced collapse (AIC) 184, 187 adiabatic gradient 5, 18 AGB manqué 11 age dating 77, 88, 91, 146, 167, 213 age-metallicity anticorrelations 59 age-metallicity degeneracy 58, 91, age-metallicity relation 73, 102, 105 AGN 137, 139, 155, 234, 236, 251 α-element 19, 23, 37, 115, 147, 150, 151, 195, 203, 204, 232, 245, 250 asteroseismology 25 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) 2, 11, 15 17, 86, 102, 109 bump 67, 74 early (E-AGB) 2, 15, 42, 64 ejecta 82 thermally pulsing 16, 42, 64, 118, 120 b Baade s Window 83, 151 Balmer break 118, 124 baryon to star conversion 252 Big Bang 81, 253 binary population synthesis (BPS) 188, 191, 194 binary systems 19, 31, 35, 64, 105, 128, 133, 140, 176, , 214 black hole 32, 53, 138, 175, 236, 249 blue cloud , 231 blue giant 7 blue loops 99 blue stragglers 16, 64, 86, 128, 148 blue supergiant (BSG) 26, 102 bolometric correction 10, 25, 62, 105, 215 BzK criterion 157, 158 c carbon burning 41, 182, 201 carbon deflagration/detonation 29 carbon ignition 42, 94, 184 carbon star 17, 44, 116, 120 cataclysmic binaries 187 Centaurus A 106, 109 Centaurus group 98 Chabrier IMF 210 Chandra explosion 185, 187, 190 Chandrasekhar limit 29, 179, 184, 185 chemical enrichment 91, 171 chemical evolution 55, 117, 182, chemical yields 19, 172, , 215, 237, closed box model 117, 254, 257 clusters of galaxies 61, 67, 110, 146, 208, , cold streams 234, 236 color-magnitude diagram (CMD) 10, 15, 75, 98, 109 Coma cluster 146, 147 common envelope (CE) 31, 129, composite stellar populations 11, 91, 93, 97, 113, 116, 121 control time 173 convection 5, 7, 21, 116 convective gradient 21 convective overshooting cooling flow 241 cosmic acceleration 171 cosmic variance 165 crowding 61 75, 88 Stellar Populations, First Edition. Laura Greggio and Alivio Renzini 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2011 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

2 262 Index d dark matter 212, 219, 245, 252 dark matter halos 219 death rate 176 deflagration 29, 201 delay time 172, 176 density field 163 density parameter 252 detonation 29, 185, 201 disk instabilities 234, 236 double degenerate channel 186, dry merging 231 dust emission 133, 136 dust grains 30, 53 dust obscuration 135 dynamical mass 141, 207, 211, 245 dynamical time 163 e electron capture 175, 184 emission lines 133, 137, 238, 245 empirical spectral libraries 115 energy generation 18, 184 energy transfer 18 envelope ejection 27, 30, 31, 129, 191 envelope inflation/deflation 6 envelope pulsation 31 environment of galaxies 117, 133, 163, 220 environment quenching 163, , 251, 257 equation of state 18 evolutionary flux 38, 64, 94, 96, 100, 125, 128 evolutionary synthesis of stellar populations 35, explosive nucleosynthesis 179 extinction 62, 78, 133, , 157, 173, 200 f far-ir SED 136, 161 feedback 224, 234, 251 first blue loop 7 formation redshift 143, 213 fuel consumption 42 45, 114, 128 fuel consumption theorem 39, 48, 114, 128 fundamental plane 251 g galactic archeology 92 Galactic bulge 61, 83 86, 109, 115, 151, 207, 255 galactic fountains 256 galactic spheroid 109, 257 galaxies elliptical 11, 50, 106, 115, 120, 146, 147, 167, 184, 207, 211, 213, 235, 238, 244 merging 92, 109, 162, 221 spiral 122, 154, 199, 251, 256 starburst 163 submillimeter 162 galaxy group 239 galaxy photometry 56, 141 γ-ray bursts (GRB) 27 gasping star formation 92 globular clusters 9, 16, 23, 28, 43, 64, 83, 86, 150, 207 ages gravitational energy 4, 40 gravitational wave radiation (GWR) 191 h Hayashi line 1 helium burning 1, 94 helium flash 3, 10, 28, 42 helium ignition 42, 64, 94, 184 helium shell flash 16, 42, 185 helium star Hertzsprung Russel diagram (HRD) 1, 2, 4, 35, 96 hierarchical merging 219 high-mass stars 8, 208 high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) 139 horizontal branch (HB) 10, 16, 27, 67, 119, 148 hot-bottom burning (HBB) 16, 29, 109 hydrodynamical simulations 219 hydrogen burning 1 hypernova 27 i induced collapse (AIC) 184 initial mass final mass relation 31, 52, 189 initial mass function (IMF) 35, 57, 114, 176, , 236, 256 scale factor 38, 51, 96, 114, 209 intergalactic medium (IGM) 55, 117, 171, intermediate-mass stars 7, 8, 11, 13, 29, 179, 185 internal energy 253 interstellar medium (ISM) 52, 171 intracluster medium (ICM) 214, 235, iron core 8, 175 iron-k line 238, 239, 246 iron-l complex 239, 246

3 Index 263 iron mass-to-light ratio isochrones 35, 46, 78, 113 l Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) 43, 86, 87, 183 Lick/IDS system 147 Local Group 61, 92, 98 long period variables (LPV) 30, 50, 64 lookback time 92, 109, 147, 149, 213, 219, 248 low-mass stars 8, 11, 49, 208, 247 low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) 139 luminosity evolution 47, 57, 207 luminosity function 25, 65 67, 69, 89, 98, 117 luminous blue variables (LBV) 27 Lyman-α forest 254, 257 Lyman break 118 m M/L Ratio 211 M31 61, 92, 109 bulge 61, 88, 109 giantstream 91 halo 61, 90 spheroid 88 M33 93 M macrophysics Magellanic Clouds 29, 43, 44, 61, 63, 86, 93, 207 magnetic braking 188 magnetic fields 20 magnetohydrodynamical waves 30 main sequence 64, 114 of star-forming galaxies , 221, 234 stellar 4, 97, 189 turnoff 9, 16, 35, 64, 78, 81, 83, 88, 99 mass cut 180 mass exchange 128 mass function 164, 166, 167, 222, 225, 229 mass loss 7, 26 31, 52, 175, 183, 256 mass-metallicity relation 238 mass quenching 163, , 251, 257 mass reduction factor 54 mass return 52 56, 123, 140, 237, 249 mass-specific production mass-to-light ratio 56, 93, 198, 200, 207, 245, 252, 255, 257 mass transfer 19, 31, 129 massive stars 7, 25, 42, 133, 175, 176, 179, 245, 256 fast rotating 21 merging galaxies 222, 229, 234 meridional circulation 25 metal abundance 8, 37, 244 metal enrichment 84, 152, 179, 207, 252 metal mass-to-light ratio 214, 247, 254, 255 metallicity 10, 73, 143, 238 metallicity gradient 241 metallicity of the universe 252 meteoritic abundances 240 microphysics 19 microwave background 207 Milky Way 73, 80, 85, 92, 204, 207, 250, MilkyWay 109 mixing mixing length 21 mixing length theory (MLT) 21 model atmosphere 107, 115, 240 model atmosphere libraries 116 molecular bands 10, 118, 121 molecular clouds 135, 162 molecular opacities 19 molecules 19, 30, 116, 137 monolithic collapse 238 Monte Carlo simulations 104, 107, 187 multiple stellar populations 13, 14, 80 82, 116 multiwavelength surveys 220 n N-body simulations 219 neutrino flux 180 neutrino losses 10, 19, 41 neutron-capture elements 17 neutron star 32, 53, 138, 175, 184, 249 NGC NGC NGC , 82 NGC , 83, 84 NGC , 83, 84 NGC , 16 nova 129, 187, 188 nuclear energy generation 19 nuclear statistical equilibrium 201 o ω Centauri 80, 109 opacity 5, 6, 8, 18, 19, 140 outshine effect 144, 153 overdensity 156, 163, 220, 228, 241, 251 overshooting 13, 43, 140, 180

4 264 Index oxygen mass-to-light ratio 216, 250, 258 oxygen-to-iron mass ratio 247 p pair instability 175 photometric redshift 141, 158, 166 photospheric abundances 240 planetary nebula 26, 29, 64 Poisson likelihood ratio (PLR) 105 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 137 post-agb 64 post-main sequence 37, 63, 114 preheating 253, 257 pressure scale height 22 primordial perturbation 219 protosolar abundances 240 q quasar 254 quenched galaxies 145, 147, 149, , 213, , 254 r radiation pressure 30 radiative energy flux 5 radiative gradient 5, 21 radio luminosity 134, 139, 160, 161 radioactive decay 182, 184, 249 ram pressure 236, 250 ram-pressure stripping 235 Rayleigh Taylor instabilities 255 red clump 10, 27, 73, 101 red giant 5, 7 red giant branch (RGB) 9, 25, 42, 64, 102, 184 bump 16, 25, phase transition 94 RGB tip 10, 64 67, 86, 88 red sequence 153, 156, 158, 231 red supergiant (RSG) 8, 102, 140, 175 reddening 79, 105, 118, 134, 141, 158, 200 redshift evolution of the M/L ratio 213 relativistic electrons 133, 139 Roche-lobe 128, 138, 176, 185, 188, 193 rotation of stars 19, 20, 180 RSOphi 187 runaway expansion 6 s Salpeter-diet IMF 38, 48, 95, 136, 165, 177, 199, 208, 249 satellite quenching 235 Schechter function 165, 166, 220, 226, 229, 231, 235 Schwarzschild criterion 21 second blue loop 7 SED fitting 141, 145, 155 semianalytic models 113, 219 semiconvection 24, 180 SFR relation 155, 157, , 221 shell burning 4 silicon mass-to-light ratio 216, 247, 250, 258 simple stellar populations (SSP) 35 38, 113, 118, 181 single degenerate channel SN 1987A 183 SN 1992am 183 SN 2006X 187 specific evolutionary flux 49, 93 specific production method 102 specific SFR 156 spectral energy distribution (SED) 8, 12, 14, 25, 113, 137 spectral evolution spectral libraries 115 spheroids 244 star counts 66, 89, 102, 133, 207 star formation history 1, 56, 92, 109, 116, 237 star formation quenching 121, 126, 142, star formation rate (SFR) 1, 25, 54, 75, 113, , 172, 207 star formation rate density 162, 205, 253 star photometry 61 64, 79, 83, 88 starburst 66, 97, 122, 156, 162, 173, 177, 195, 202, 207, 221, 222, 236 starburst galaxies 234 stellar lifetime 8, 10, 12, 35, 119, 142, 176 stellar mass of galaxies stellar mass-to-baryon mass ratio 252 stellar remnant 140 strangulation 235 sub-chandra explosions 185 subdwarfs 23, 79 subgiant branch (SGB) 9, 42, 64 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) 162, 221, 222 superadiabatic convection 20 supernova 7, 29, 36, 77, 133, , 234, 238 core collapse 7, 115, 139, 171, , 201, 214, 249 distribution of the delay times 172, 187, 201, 205, 258 feedback 236 productivity 172, 197, 250 progenitor 27, 172, , 188 rate

5 Index 265 thermonuclear 115, 171, , 246, 250 Type Ia 29, 115, 129, 171, 174, , 214, 240, 248 Type Ib/c 27, 171, 174, 175, 183 Type II 27, 171, Type IIP 183 units (SNu) 174, 197 supersoft X-ray sources 129, 187 superwind 29, 64 symbiotic systems 187 synchrotron radiation 133 synthetic CMD 92 synthetic CMD method t thermal energy 4, 20, 193, 205 thermal equilibrium 3, 7, 16, 40 thermal instability 5, 6 thermal runaway 5, 13, 42, 140 thermonuclear runaway 129 TP-AGB 42, 64, 118, Tuc 23, 50, 64, 66, 67, 84 turnoff mass 32, 36, 213 turnoff temperature 58 u ultraviolet continuum 118, 134, 136, 153 UV rising branch 120, 123 v velocity dispersion 146, 211, 251 Virgo cluster 146, 147 virial radius 243 virial theorem 4 w warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) 253, 257 white dwarf 7, 36, 64, 79, 128, merging 187 wind galactic 117, 171, 224, 238 radiatively driven 26, 187 redgiant 30 redsupergiant 27 solar 30 stellar 7, 26 thermal 30 Wolf Rayet (WR) stars 26, 140, 175 x X-ray luminosity 129, 134, 138, 139, 251 X-ray radiation 133 X-ray spectrum 238 z zero age main sequence (ZAMS) 1, 40