Planet-like Companion to a Brown Dwarf
|
|
- Gervais Hoover
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet-like Companion to a Brown Dwarf Taken from: Hubble 2010: Science Year in Review Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute. The full contents of this book include Hubble science articles, an overview of the telescope, and more. The complete volume and its component sections are available for download online at:
2
3 Planet-like Companion to a Brown Dwarf A planet-like object circling a brown dwarf has been discovered that seems to contradict the latest theories on planet formation. Estimated to be approximately seven times the mass of Jupiter, it is the appropriate size to be described as a large planet. But the object, known as 2M J B, is believed to have formed in less than 1 million years the same approximate age of its brown dwarf and much faster than the predicted time needed to build planets. Astronomers estimated the object s age from its temperature and brightness and by knowing that it is the same age or younger than the brown dwarf, known as 2M J A. They determined the brown dwarf s age by applying models of how brown dwarfs cool. They also know that it resides in a star-forming region where the stars are an average of one million years old. The mysterious object orbits the nearby brown dwarf at a separation of approximately 2.25 billion miles, which is between the distances of Saturn and Uranus from the Sun. Kevin Luhman of Pennsylvania State University, his graduate student Kamen Todorov, and Kim McLeod of Wellesley College used Hubble and the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii to image the brown dwarf s companion directly. They uncovered the companion in a survey of 32 young brown dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region. Brown dwarfs are objects that typically are tens of times the mass of Jupiter and are too small to sustain nuclear fusion, inhibiting them from becoming stars. Much discussion has recently occurred in the context of the Pluto debate over how small an object can be and still be called a planet. The discovery of 2M J B raises questions at the opposite end of the size spectrum: How large can an object be and still be called a planet rather than a brown dwarf? The mass of 2M J B is within the range of masses found for the orbiting bodies in many known extrasolar planetary systems less than 15 Jupiter masses. But should it be called a planet if it didn t form by the agglomeration of material in a debris disk around a star? This is, after all, the currently accepted understanding of how planets form. This artist s concept of the binary system 2M J shows the primary brown dwarf, 20 times the mass of Jupiter (at left), and its companion, which is estimated to be about seven times the mass of Jupiter (at right). 99
4 On the left, the young brown dwarf 2M J A has a companion object, 2M J B, at the 8 o clock position, which is estimated to be five to ten times the mass of Jupiter. In the picture on the right, the light from the brown dwarf has been subtracted to provide a clearer view of the companion object. The companion may be a very small brown dwarf or a large planet, depending on how it formed. Images were taken with Hubble s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 to track the motion of the two objects to determine that they actually do travel across space together. Additional observations were done with the Gemini North telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. There are presently three identified formation scenarios for such an object. In the first the core accretion model dust orbiting the star slowly clumps to form a rocky planet ten times larger than Earth, which then collects a large gaseous envelope. In the second the disk instability model a lump of gas in the disk quickly collapses to form an object the size of a giant gas planet. In the third and distinctly different one the cloud fragmentation model a companion forms directly from the collapse of a vast cloud of gas and dust in the same manner as its star (or brown dwarf) rather than forming in a disk. If this is what actually took place, then the discovery of 2M J B demonstrates that planetary-mass bodies can be made through the same mechanism that forms stars. In this case, the cloud fragmentation model is the likely scenario for three reasons. First, 2M J B is too young to have formed by core accretion, which is a very slow process. Second, calculations indicate that the central brown dwarf in this system probably did not contain enough material to make an object with a mass of five to ten Jupiter masses via disk instability. Third, another nearby star contains a small red star, 2M J A, and a brown dwarf, 2M J B. 100
5 Planet agglomerates from dust Core Accretion Model Central star Disk Instability Model Dust disk Clump of gas condenses in circumstellar disk Cloud Fragmentation Model Clouds condense to form planets This graphic shows the three possible formation scenarios for the planet-like companion. If the last scenario is correct, then this discovery demonstrates that planetary-mass bodies can be made through the same mechanism that builds stars. 101
6 Taken together, these four bodies closely resemble a quadruple star system, suggesting that all of the components formed through cloud fragmentation and collapse. Clearly, the 2M J system provides astronomers several good reasons to believe that planetary-mass companions can form through cloud collapse and fragmentation in addition to the more conventional but much slower disk-accretion processes. Further Hubble and ground-based observations of such bodies should help theorists refine their models of planetary formation and thereby contribute important information to distinguish over time the boundary between planets and brown dwarfs. Further Reading Astrophysics: The Odd Couple. Nature 464, no (April 15, 2010): 961. Basri, G. and M. Brown. Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet? Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 34 (2006): p Berardelli, P. Scienceshot: A Brown Dwarf s Mysterious Companion. ScienceNOW, April 6, (accessed January 5, 2011). Chabrier, G., et al. Gaseous Planets, Protostars, and Young Brown Dwarfs: Birth and Fate. In Protostars and Planets V. Edited by B. Reipurth, D. Jewitt, and K. Keil, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, Luhman, K. L., et al. The Formation of Brown Dwarfs: Observations. In Protostars and Planets V. Edited by B. Reipurth, D. Jewitt, and K. Keil, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, Mohanty, S. The Mystery of Brown Dwarf Origins. Scientific American 294, no. 1 (January 2006): Todorov, K., et al. Discovery of a planetary-mass companion to a brown dwarf in Taurus. Astrophysical Journal Letters 714, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): L84 L88. Werner, M. W. Improbable planets. Scientific American 300, no. 6 (June 2009):
7 Dr. Kevin Luhman has used a variety of optical and infrared telescopes to study brown dwarfs and circumstellar disks. Born in Kansas, he earned both his bachelor of arts in astronomy and his bachelor of science in physics from the University of Texas in 1993 and a doctorate in astronomy from the University of Arizona in Dr. Luhman was a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and is now a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Pennsylvania State University. Using Hubble and other facilities such as the Spitzer Space Telescope, he continues to search for the smallest bodies that are able to form in isolation and as widely separated companions. Dr. Kim Katris McLeod is a professor of astronomy at Wellesley College in Massachusetts. Her interests include imaging very distant quasars to see how their host galaxies grow through cosmic time, and searching for disks and giant planets around young stars and brown dwarfs. Her astronomical journey started in her home state of Delaware, where she grew up delighting in constellations and calculus. She earned her bachelor of arts degree in physics from Cornell University in 1988 and her doctorate in astronomy from the University of Arizona in Before joining the Wellesley faculty, she worked as a post-doc at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. She has also been a Radcliffe Institute Fellow. As an undergraduate student, Kamen Todorov studied a transiting extra solar planet with data from the Spitzer Space Telescope under the supervision of Dr. Drake Deming. He was born in Bulgaria and earned a bachelor of arts degree in astrophysics at Connecticut College in Mr. Todorov is now a graduate student in astronomy and astrophysics at Pennsylvania State University. 103
Suspected Asteroid Collision
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Suspected Asteroid Collision Taken from: Hubble 2010: Science Year in Review Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute.
More informationSmallest Kuiper Belt Object Ever Detected
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Smallest Kuiper Belt Object Ever Detected Taken from: Hubble 2009: Science Year in Review Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope
More informationTaken from: Hubble 2007: Science Year in Review. Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Space Telescope Science Institute.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Coming Attractions Taken from: Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Space Telescope Science Institute. The full contents of this book include more
More informationFirst Visible-Light Image of an Extrasolar Planet
National Aeronautics and Space Administration First Visible-Light Image of an Extrasolar Planet Taken from: Hubble 2008: Science Year in Review Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space
More informationUniverse Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System
ASTRONOMY Universe- Includes all known matter (everything). Celestial Object Any object outside or above Earth s atmosphere. Galaxy- A large group (billions) of stars (held together by gravity). Our galaxy
More informationIntroduction to the Universe. What makes up the Universe?
Introduction to the Universe What makes up the Universe? Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy) - understanding
More informationLecture 21 Formation of Stars November 15, 2017
Lecture 21 Formation of Stars November 15, 2017 1 2 Birth of Stars Stars originally condense out of a COLD, interstellar cloud composed of H and He + trace elements. cloud breaks into clumps (gravity)
More informationANSWER KEY. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe. Telescopes Guided Reading and Study. Characteristics of Stars Guided Reading and Study
Stars, Galaxies, a the Universe Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Telescopes Use Target Reading Skills Check student definitions for accuracy. 1. Electromagneticradiationisenergythatcan travel through
More informationIntroduction to the Universe
What makes up the Universe? Introduction to the Universe Book page 642-644 Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy)
More informationDwarf Stars. Taken from: Hubble 2011: Science Year in Review. Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dwarf Stars National Aeronautics and Space Administration The full contents of this book include Hubble science articles, an overview of the telescope, and
More informationExtrasolar Planets: Molecules and Disks
Extrasolar Planets: Molecules and Disks The basic question: Is our solar system typical of what we should affect around other stars (inhabited or not), or is it an unusual freak? One approach is to look
More informationEXOPLANET LECTURE PLANET FORMATION. Dr. Judit Szulagyi - ETH Fellow
EXOPLANET LECTURE PLANET FORMATION Dr. Judit Szulagyi - ETH Fellow (judits@ethz.ch) I. YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS AND THEIR DISKS (YSOs) Star Formation Young stars born in 10 4 10 6 M Sun Giant Molecular Clouds.
More informationThe Ecology of Stars
The Ecology of Stars We have been considering stars as individuals; what they are doing and what will happen to them Now we want to look at their surroundings And their births 1 Interstellar Matter Space
More information1. Star: A object made of gas found in outer space that radiates.
1. Star: A object made of gas found in outer space that radiates. 2. Stars produce extremely great quantities of energy through the process of. The chemical formula for nuclear fusion looks like this:
More informationLARGE BINOCULAR TELESCOPE CORPORATION
LARGE BINOCULAR TELESCOPE CORPORATION LBT Project Office/USA LBT Project Office/Italy Steward Observatory Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri University of Arizona Largo Enrico Fermi, 5 Tucson, AZ 85721
More information10/29/2009. The Lives And Deaths of Stars. My Office Hours: Tuesday 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM 206 Keen Building. Stellar Evolution
of s Like s of Other Stellar The Lives And Deaths of s a Sun-like s More 10/29/2009 My Office Hours: Tuesday 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM 206 Keen Building Test 2: 11/05/2009 of s Like s of Other a Sun-like s More
More informationLecture Outlines. Chapter 6. Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 6 Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 6 The Solar System Units of Chapter 6 6.1 An Inventory of the Solar System 6.2 Measuring the Planets 6.3 The Overall Layout
More informationProduced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Interacting Galaxies Taken from: Hubble 2008: Science Year in Review Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute.
More informationLESSON topic: formation of the solar system Solar system formation Star formation Models of the solar system Planets in our solar system
Unit 2 Lesson 1 LESSON topic: formation of the solar system - Solar system formation - Star formation - Models of the solar system - Planets in our solar system Big bang theory Origin of the universe According
More informationAstronomy 241: Foundations of Astrophysics I. The Solar System
Astronomy 241: Foundations of Astrophysics I. The Solar System Astronomy 241 is the first part of a year-long introduction to astrophysics. It uses basic classical mechanics and thermodynamics to analyze
More informationExam # 3 Tue 12/06/2011 Astronomy 100/190Y Exploring the Universe Fall 11 Instructor: Daniela Calzetti
Exam # 3 Tue 12/06/2011 Astronomy 100/190Y Exploring the Universe Fall 11 Instructor: Daniela Calzetti INSTRUCTIONS: Please, use the `bubble sheet and a pencil # 2 to answer the exam questions, by marking
More informationPlanets Around Other Stars Extrasolar Planet Detection Methods. February, 2006
Planets Around Other Stars Extrasolar Planet Detection Methods February, 2006 Distribution of this File Extrasolar_planet_detection.ppt This Powerpoint presentation was put together for the purpose of
More information1. Cosmology is the study of. a. The sun is the center of the Universe. b. The Earth is the center of the Universe
Section 1: The Universe 1. Cosmology is the study of. 2. Identify the type of cosmology a. The sun is the center of the Universe b. The Earth is the center of the Universe 3. The two most abundant gases
More informationDr G. I. Ogilvie Lent Term 2005 INTRODUCTION
Accretion Discs Mathematical Tripos, Part III Dr G. I. Ogilvie Lent Term 2005 INTRODUCTION 0.1. Accretion If a particle of mass m falls from infinity and comes to rest on the surface of a star of mass
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical
More informationLecture Outlines. Chapter 15. Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 15 Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems Units of Chapter 15 15.1 Modeling Planet Formation 15.2 Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
More informationThe Big Bang Theory (page 854)
Name Class Date Space Homework Packet Homework #1 Hubble s Law (pages 852 853) 1. How can astronomers use the Doppler effect? 2. The shift in the light of a galaxy toward the red wavelengths is called
More informationCh. 10: Star Formation of Planetary Systems. A summary of the process by which our solar system formed, according to the nebular theory.
1 Ch. 10: Star Formation of Planetary Systems A summary of the process by which our solar system formed, according to the nebular theory. Materials in the solar nebula. 2 3 Temperature differences in the
More informationTransiting Hot Jupiters near the Galactic Center
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transiting Hot Jupiters near the Galactic Center Kailash C. Sahu Taken from: Hubble 2006 Science Year in Review The full contents of this book include more
More information8. Solar System Origins
8. Solar System Origins Chemical composition of the galaxy The solar nebula Planetary accretion Extrasolar planets Our Galaxy s Chemical Composition es Big Bang produced hydrogen & helium Stellar processes
More informationExoplanet Mass, Radius, and the Search for Habitable Worlds
Sara Seager Exoplanet Mass, Radius, and the Search for Habitable Worlds O ur sun is one amongst hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy. Based on the number of times the planetary dice must have been
More informationFormation of the Solar System Chapter 8
Formation of the Solar System Chapter 8 To understand the formation of the solar system one has to apply concepts such as: Conservation of angular momentum Conservation of energy The theory of the formation
More informationBeyond the Book. FOCUS Book
FOCUS Book At the bottom of page 4 is an example of a transit graph. A transit graph shows changes in the brightness of a star s light as a planet crosses in front of the star as seen from Earth. Suppose
More information4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 750L
4 HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED 750L HOW OUR SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED A CLOSE LOOK AT THE PLANETS ORBITING OUR SUN By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Planets come from the clouds of gas and dust that
More informationAstronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 Review Problems
Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 Review Problems Multiple Choice Questions: The first eight questions are multiple choice. Except where explicitly noted, only one answer is correct for each
More informationAST4930: Star and Planet Formation. Syllabus. AST4930: Star and Planet Formation, Spring 2014
AST4930: Star and Planet Formation Lecture 1: Overview Assoc. Prof. Jonathan C. Tan jt@astro.ufl.edu Bryant 302 Syllabus AST4930: Star and Planet Formation, Spring 2014 Assoc. Prof. Jonathan C. Tan (jt
More informationPlan. Questions? Syllabus; administrative details. Some Definitions. An Idea of Scale
Plan Questions? Syllabus; administrative details Some Definitions An Idea of Scale All material available from http://astroweb.case.edu/ssm/astr101/ which is the primary document for the course (not Canvas).
More informationWhat is it like? When did it form? How did it form. The Solar System. Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1
What is it like? When did it form? How did it form The Solar System Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 1 Fall, 2005 Astronomy 110 2 The planets all orbit the sun in the same direction. The Sun spins in the same
More informationJoy of Science Experience the evolution of the Universe, Earth and Life
Joy of Science Experience the evolution of the Universe, Earth and Life Review of last class Introduction to Astronomy Contents of today s lecture Quiz time Review Review 1 n Science is a way of producing
More informationLecture Outlines. Chapter 20. Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outlines Chapter 20 Astronomy Today 8th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 20 Stellar Evolution Units of Chapter 20 20.1 Leaving the Main Sequence 20.2 Evolution of a Sun-Like Star 20.3 The Death
More informationFormation of the Solar System. What We Know. What We Know
Formation of the Solar System Many of the characteristics of the planets we discussed last week are a direct result of how the Solar System formed Until recently, theories for solar system formation were
More informationSection 25.1 Exploring the Solar System (pages )
Name Class Date Chapter 25 The Solar System Section 25.1 Exploring the Solar System (pages 790 794) This section explores early models of our solar system. It describes the components of the solar system
More informationPlanets: Name Distance from Sun Satellites Year Day Mercury 0.4AU yr 60 days Venus yr 243 days* Earth 1 1 yr 1 day Mars 1.
The Solar System (Ch. 6 in text) We will skip from Ch. 6 to Ch. 15, only a survey of the solar system, the discovery of extrasolar planets (in more detail than the textbook), and the formation of planetary
More informationAnswers. The Universe. Year 10 Science Chapter 6
Answers The Universe Year 10 Science Chapter 6 p133 1 The universe is considered to be the whole of all matter, energy, planets, solar systems, galaxies, and space. Many definitions of the universe also
More informationWHAT WE KNOW. Scientists observe that every object in the universe is moving away from each other. Objects furthest away are moving the fastest. So..
ASTRONOMY THE BIG BANG THEORY WHAT WE KNOW Scientists observe that every object in the universe is moving away from each other. Objects furthest away are moving the fastest. So.. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? If
More informationCosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE
Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the universe; its nature, origin and evolution. General Relativity is the mathematical basis of cosmology from which
More informationFormation Mechanisms of Brown Dwarfs: Observations & Theories. Dan Li April 2009
Formation Mechanisms of Brown Dwarfs: Observations & Theories Dan Li April 2009 What is brown dwarf (BD)? BD Mass : upper-limit ~ 0.075 M lower-limit ~ 0.013 M (?) Differences between BD and giant planet:
More informationOur Solar System. Lesson 5. Distances Between the Sun and the Planets
Our Solar System Lesson 5 T he Solar System consists of the Sun, the Moon, planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, meteors and other celestial bodies. All these celestial bodies are bound to the Sun
More informationThe History of the Solar System. From cloud to Sun, planets, and smaller bodies
The History of the Solar System From cloud to Sun, planets, and smaller bodies The Birth of a Star Twenty years ago, we knew of only one star with planets the Sun and our understanding of the birth of
More informationDetailed Dark Matter Map
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Detailed Dark Matter Map Taken from: Hubble 2010: Science Year in Review Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute.
More informationAST 101 INTRODUCTION TO ASTRONOMY SPRING MIDTERM EXAM 2 TEST VERSION 1 ANSWERS
AST 101 INTRODUCTION TO ASTRONOMY SPRING 2008 - MIDTERM EXAM 2 TEST VERSION 1 ANSWERS Multiple Choice. In the blanks provided before each question write the letter for the phrase that best answers the
More informationChapter 06 Let s Make a Solar System
like? Big picture. Chapter 06 Let s Make a Solar System How did it come to be this way? Where did it come from? Will I stop sounding like the Talking Heads? The solar system exhibits clear patterns of
More information3. c 4. a 5. f 6. b 7. e. 1. Stars are bright and hot. 2. Distances between stars are measured in light-years. 3. The sun is a yellow star.
Stars, Galaxies, Use Target Reading Skills Check student definitions for accuracy. 1. Electromagnetic radiation is energy that can travel through space in the form of waves. 2. visible light 3. wavelength
More informationA protostar forming in the Orion Nebula. This also has protoplanetary discs, and will probably become a planetary system.
A protostar forming in the Orion Nebula. This also has protoplanetary discs, and will probably become a planetary system. These are also called stellar nurseries. Consisting almost entirely of hydrogen,
More informationHow Our Solar System Formed: A Close Look at the Planets Orbiting Our Sun
How Our Solar System Formed: A Close Look at the Planets Orbiting Our Sun By Cynthia Stokes Brown, Big History Project, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.15.16 Word Count 1,730 TOP: Illustration of a fledging
More informationHow did it come to be this way? Will I stop sounding like the
Chapter 06 Let s Make a Solar System How did it come to be this way? Where did it come from? Will I stop sounding like the Talking Heads? What does the solar system look like? Big picture. The solar system
More informationFormation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe
Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted scientific explanation
More informationChapter 1 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. A Modern View of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition A Modern View of the Universe Chapter Opener 1.1 The Scale of the Universe Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe? How big is
More informationWho was here? How can you tell? This is called indirect evidence!
1 Who was here? How can you tell? This is called indirect evidence! 2 How does a planetary system form? The one we can study in the most detail is our solar system. If we want to know whether the solar
More informationWhere in the Solar System Are Smaller Objects Found?
3.5 Explore Where in the Solar System Are Smaller Objects Found? In Learning Set 1, you read about some of the other objects in the solar system. You learned about dwarf planets and smaller solar system
More informationAstronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999
Astronomy 1504 Section 10 Final Exam Version 1 May 6, 1999 Reminder: When I write these questions, I believe that there is one one correct answer. The questions consist of all parts a e. Read the entire
More informationAstro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3
Astro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3 Chapter 6 1. Which of the following statements is false? a) Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. b) Mirrors
More informationthe nature of the universe, galaxies, and stars can be determined by observations over time by using telescopes
the nature of the universe, galaxies, and stars can be determined by observations over time by using telescopes The spectral lines of stars tell us their approximate composition Remember last year in Physics?
More informationASTRONOMY (ASTRON) ASTRON 113 HANDS ON THE UNIVERSE 1 credit.
Astronomy (ASTRON) 1 ASTRONOMY (ASTRON) ASTRON 100 SURVEY OF ASTRONOMY 4 credits. Modern exploration of the solar system; our galaxy of stars, gas and dust; how stars are born, age and die; unusual objects
More informationAstronomy Study Guide Answer Key
Astronomy Study Guide Answer Key Section 1: The Universe 1. Cosmology is the study of how the universe is arranged. 2. Identify the type of cosmology a. The sun is the center of the Universe Heliocentric
More informationCambridge University Press Origins of Life in the Universe Robert Jastrow and Michael Rampino Excerpt More information PART I
PART I The Universe CHAPTER 1 Our place in the Universe The realm of the galaxies All life as we know it exists within the bounds of the single planet that we call home. For centuries mankind has gazed
More informationPostcards from the Edge. JJ Kavelaars
Postcards from the Edge JJ Kavelaars Extra-Extra... HR 8799 in the sub-mm HR 8799 (Marios et al.) Spectra! (Janson, et al.) Background... Glencoe District High School GDHS Some personal info... Show your
More informationBeyond Our Solar System Chapter 24
Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 PROPERTIES OF STARS Distance Measuring a star's distance can be very difficult Stellar parallax Used for measuring distance to a star Apparent shift in a star's position
More information1 The Solar System. 1.1 a journey into our galaxy
1 The Solar System Though Pluto, and the far-flung depths of the Solar System, is the focus of this book, it is essential that Pluto is placed in the context of the planetary system that it inhabits our
More informationWhat is the solar system?
Notes Astronomy What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the Solar System Our solar system includes planets and dwarf planets, their moons, a star called the Sun, asteroids and comets. Planets, dwarf
More informationStellar Metamorphosis as Alternative to Nebular Hypothesis
Stellar Metamorphosis as Alternative to Nebular Hypothesis June 3, 2012 Jeffrey J. Wolynski Jeffrey.wolynski@yahoo.com Abstract: Observations were made that falsify planetary formation via proto-planetary
More informationWhich letter on the timeline best represents the time when scientists estimate that the Big Bang occurred? A) A B) B C) C D) D
1. The red shift of light from most galaxies is evidence that A) most galaxies are moving away from Earth B) a majority of stars in most galaxies are red giants C) the light slows down as it nears Earth
More informationAstronomy 122 Midterm
Astronomy 122 Midterm This Class (Lecture 15): Stellar Evolution: The Main Sequence Next Class: Stellar Evolution: Post-Main Sequence Midterm on Thursday! Last week for Nightlabs 1 hour exam in this classroom
More informationHow did the universe form? 1 and 2
Galaxies How did the universe form? 1 and 2 Galaxies Astronomers estimate that 40 billion galaxies exist in the observable universe The universe may contain over 100 billion galaxies Even a modest-sized
More information(Astronomy for Dummies) remark : apparently I spent more than 1 hr giving this lecture
(Astronomy for Dummies) remark : apparently I spent more than 1 hr giving this lecture A.D. 125? Ptolemy s geocentric model Planets ( ) wander among stars ( ) For more info: http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/aeea/contents_list/universe_concepts.html
More information*Generally speaking, there are two main life cycles for stars. *The factor which determines the life cycle of the star is its mass.
Generally speaking, there are two main life cycles for stars. The factor which determines the life cycle of the star is its mass. 1 solar mass = size of our Sun Any star less than about three solar masses
More informationStar. Planet. Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe. 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe?
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe? How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was like in the
More informationTopics for Today s Class
Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds Chapter 11 Formation of Stars and Structure of Stars Topics for Today s Class 1. Making Stars from the Interstellar Medium 2. Evidence of Star Formation: The Orion Nebula
More informationThe Life Cycles of Stars. Modified from Information provided by: Dr. Jim Lochner, NASA/GSFC
The Life Cycles of Stars Modified from Information provided by: Dr. Jim Lochner, NASA/GSFC Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star... What do you see? How I Wonder What You Are... Stars have: Different Colors -
More informationA New Population of Active Galactic Nuclei
National Aeronautics and Space Administration A New Population of Active Galactic Nuclei Amy J. Barger Taken from: Hubble 2006 Science Year in Review The full contents of this book include more Hubble
More information2.) 3.) Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Characteristic:
Grade / Name: Date: Period: CATALYST 1.) 2.) 3.) Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Characteristic: 1 OBJECTIVE SWBAT describe the life cycle of a star SWBAT identify the major source of 'power' in stars
More informationChapter 15: The Origin of the Solar System
Chapter 15: The Origin of the Solar System The Solar Nebula Hypothesis Basis of modern theory of planet formation: Planets form at the same time from the same cloud as the star. Planet formation sites
More informationModern Astronomy Review #1
Modern Astronomy Review #1 1. The red-shift of light from distant galaxies provides evidence that the universe is (1) shrinking, only (3) shrinking and expanding in a cyclic pattern (2) expanding, only
More informationForeword. Taken from: Hubble 2009: Science Year in Review. Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Foreword Taken from: Hubble 2009: Science Year in Review Produced by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Telescope Science Institute. The full contents
More informationHomework 13 (not graded; only some example ques!ons for the material from the last week or so of class)
Homework 13 (not graded; only some example ques!ons for the material from the last week or so of class)! This is a preview of the draft version of the quiz Started: Apr 28 at 9:27am Quiz Instruc!ons Question
More informationThe Universe and Galaxies
The Universe and Galaxies 16.1 http://dingo.care-mail.com/cards/flash/5409/galaxy.swf Universe The sum of all matter and energy that exists, that has ever existed, and that will ever exist. We will focus
More informationA Star is born: The Sun. SNC1D7-Space
A Star is born: The Sun SNC1D7-Space Exploring the Sun Our Sun, a star, is the most important celestial object for life on Earth. The solar nebula theory is the current theory used to explain the formation
More informationNotes: The Solar System
Notes: The Solar System The Formation of the Solar System 1. A gas cloud collapses under the influence of gravity. 2. Solids condense at the center, forming a protostar. 3. A falttened disk of matter surrounds
More informationFormation of the Universe
A. The Universe 1. 2. 3. How did the universe begin? Only one exists or are there more? Composed of space and 100 billion galaxies A galaxy is a grouping of millions or billions of stars kept together
More informationWhat is the sun? The sun is a star at the center of our solar system.
What is the sun? The sun is a star at the center of our solar system. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Galileo was one of the first Europeans to observe the sun. How did Galileo look at the sun? He lined up
More informationNSDL/NSTA Web Seminar: Celebrating Astronomy: A Star s Story
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP NSDL/NSTA Web Seminar: Celebrating Astronomy: A Star s Story Thursday, September 25, 2008 Today s NSDL experts: Dr. Susana Deustua, Researcher, Space Telescope
More informationA Cosmic Perspective. Scott Fisher, Ph.D. - Director of Undergraduate Studies - UO Department of Physics
A Cosmic Perspective Scott Fisher, Ph.D. - Director of Undergraduate Studies - UO Department of Physics Presentation Overview Let s talk about 3 (or 4) important and relevant topics: Me You and your place
More informationSearching for Other Worlds
Searching for Other Worlds Lecture 32 1 In-Class Question What is the Greenhouse effect? a) Optical light from the Sun is reflected into space while infrared light passes through the atmosphere and heats
More informationChapter 16 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Star Birth Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 16 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Star Birth 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Star Birth The dust and gas between the star in our galaxy is referred to as the Interstellar medium (ISM).
More informationHide and seek: Scientists look for planet some say is tilting solar system
Hide and seek: Scientists look for planet some say is tilting solar system By Washington Post, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.27.16 Word Count 617 This artistic rendering shows the distant view from "Planet
More informationAstronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 April 11, 2003
Name: Seat Number: Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 April 11, 2003 Do not open the test until instructed to begin. Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided. If you need additional
More informationChapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems
Chapter 15 The Formation of Planetary Systems Units of Chapter 15 15.1 Modeling Planet Formation 15.2 Formation of the Solar System 15.3 Terrestrial and Jovian Planets 15.4 Interplanetary Debris 15.5 Solar
More informationWhat is Earth Science?
What is Earth Science? A.EARTH SCIENCE: the study of Earth and its history B. Earth science is divided into 4 main branches: 1. Geology: study of the lithosphere 2. Oceanography: study of oceans 3. Meteorology:
More informationSTAR FORMATION (Ch. 19)
STAR FORMATION (Ch. 19) The basics: GRAVITY vs. PRESSURE (heat; but also rotation and magnetic fields can be important) Stages (you don t have to memorize numbers of stages in textbook or here, just be
More informationHW #2. Solar Nebular Theory. Predictions: Young stars have disks. Disks contain gas & dust. Solar System should contain disk remnants
Astronomy 330: Extraterrestrial Life This class (Lecture 9): Next Class: Planet Formation Zachary Brewer Quinn Calvert Exoplanets Itamar Allali Brian Campbell-Deem HW #3 due Sunday night. Music: Another
More information