Chapter 11 Ideal gases
|
|
- Blaze Barnett
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 OCR (A) specifications: c,d,e,i,j,k Chapter 11 Ideal gases Worksheet Worked examples Practical: Determining absolute zero of temperature from the pressure law End-of-chapter test Marking scheme: Worksheet Marking scheme: End-of-chapter test
2 Worksheet Avogadro constant N A = mol 1 universal gas constant R = 8.31 J mol 1 K 1 Intermediate level 1 Determine the number of atoms or molecules in each of the following: a 1.0 mole of carbon; [1] b 3.6 moles of water; [1] c 0.26 moles of helium. [1] 2 The molar mass of helium is 4.0 g. Determine the mass of a single atom of helium in kilograms. [2] 3 The molar mass of uranium is 238 g. a Calculate the mass of one atom of uranium. [2] b A small rock contains 0.12 g of uranium. For this rock, calculate the number of: i moles of uranium; [2] ii atoms of uranium. [1] 4 Explain what is meant by the absolute zero of temperature. [3] 5 a Change the following temperatures from degrees Celsius into kelvin. i 0 C ii 80 C iii 120 C [3] b Change the following temperatures from kelvin into degrees Celsius. i 400 K ii 272 K iii 3 K [3] 6 a Write the ideal gas equation in words. [1] b One mole of an ideal gas is trapped inside a rigid container of volume m 3. What pressure is exerted by the gas when the temperature within the container is 293 K? [3] Higher level 7 A fixed amount of an ideal gas is trapped in a container of volume V. The pressure exerted by the gas is P and its absolute temperature is T. a Using a sketch of against T, explain how you can determine the number of moles of gas within the container. [4] b Sketch a graph of against P when the gas is kept at a constant temperature. Explain the shape of the graph. [3] 8 A rigid cylinder of volume m 3 holds 4.0 g of air. The molar mass of air is 29 g. a b Calculate the pressure exerted by the gas when the temperature within the cylinder is 34 C. [4] What is the temperature of the gas in degrees Celsius when the pressure is twice your value from part a? [4] 11 Ideal gases Cambridge University Press
3 9 The diagram shows two insulated containers holding gas. The containers are connected together by tubes of negligible volume. valve A B The internal volume of each container is m 3. The temperature within each container is 13 C. The gas in container A exerts a pressure of 180 kpa and the gas in container B exerts a pressure of 300 kpa. a Show that the amount of gas within the two containers is about 4.4 moles. [3] b The valve connecting the containers is slowly opened and the gases are allowed to mix. The temperature within the containers remains the same. What is the new pressure exerted by the gas within the containers? [3] 10 The diagram shows a cylinder containing air at a temperature of 5.0 C. A force of 400 N is applied normally to the piston of cross-sectional area m 2. The volume occupied by the compressed air is m 3. The molar mass of air is 29 g. Calculate: 400N a the pressure exerted by the compressed air; [2] b the number of moles of air inside the cylinder. [3] c Use your answer to b to determine: i the mass of air inside the cylinder; [1] ii the density of the air inside the cylinder. [2] 11 The mean speed of a helium atom at a temperature of 0 C is 1.3 km s 1. What is the mean speed of helium atoms on the surface of a star where the temperature is K? [6] cylinder piston cross-sectional area = m 2 Extension 12 The mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule at an absolute temperature T is given by: kinetic energy = 3RT 2N A where R is the molar gas constant and N A is the Avogadro constant. a Calculate the mean kinetic energy of gas atoms at 0 C. [2] b c Determine the speed of carbon dioxide molecules at 0 C. The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44 g. [5] Calculate the change in the internal energy of one mole of carbon dioxide gas when its temperature increases from 0 C to 100 C. [3] Total: 68 Score: % 128 Cambridge University Press Ideal gases
4 Worked examples Example 1 A sealed container holds air at a pressure of 100 kpa at 80 C. The container is cooled to a temperature of 10 C. Assuming that there is negligible change in the volume of the container, calculate the new pressure exerted by the air in the container. Assuming that the air behaves as an ideal gas, we have: = nrt Hence: T = nr Initial P = 100kPa θ = 80 C Final P =? θ = 10 C In the relation above, the terms n, R and V are all constant. Therefore: P T P 1 T 1 =constant or = P 2 T 2 The new pressure P is given by: ( ) = P (273 10) It is very important to change the temperature into kelvin. To change temperature from C to kelvin, just add 273. P = = Pa 75 kpa Example 2 A particular filament lamp contains argon gas at a low pressure. When the lamp is switched on, the temperature within the lamp increases from 20 C to 80 C. Calculate the ratio: speed of argon atom at 80 C speed of argon atom at 20 C The mean kinetic energy of an atom is proportional to the absolute temperature: 1 mv 2 T or v 2 2T 2 m Since the mass m of the atom is constant, we have: v 1 v 2 v T and so = T 1 T 2 If the speed at 80 C is v 80 and the speed at 20 C is v 20, then: v ratio = = = v Once again, do not forget to convert the temperature into kelvin Tip 353 The temperature in kelvin increases by a factor of: = The mean kinetic energy of an atom is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. Therefore the mean kinetic energy also increases by the same factor of 1.2. For a given atom, the kinetic energy is proportional to the speed 2. Hence the speed must increase by a factor of Ideal gases Cambridge University Press
5 Practical Determining absolute zero of temperature from the pressure law Safety Be careful when working around the heater and ensure that the hot beaker is stable when stirring the water. Teachers and technicians should follow their school and departmental safety policies and should ensure that the employer s risk assessment has been carried out before undertaking any practical work. Apparatus electrical heater (hot plate) thermometer water bath crushed ice conical flask stirrer pressure gauge or sensor Introduction The details of the ideal gas equation are given on page 117 of Physics 2. In this experiment you will investigate how the pressure exerted by a fixed amount of trapped air depends on its temperature. You can use your results to estimate the value of absolute zero of temperature. The apparatus is shown in the diagram. pressure gauge thin glass pipe thermometer rubber bung water bath flask dry air heater Procedure 1 Put some water and crushed ice into the water bath and leave the water to cool. 2 Fully immerse the conical flask in the cold water. 3 Measure and record the temperature θ of the water in degrees Celsius and the pressure P as measured by the pressure gauge. 4 Warm the water on the heater. 5 Carefully stir the water and measure the pressure for every 10 C change in temperature. 6 Continue taking readings until the water boils. 130 Cambridge University Press Ideal gases
6 7 Plot a graph of pressure P against temperature θ on axes in the range 300 C to 100 C. extrapolation P absolute zero θ ( C) 8 Draw a straight line of best fit and extrapolate it until it crosses the temperature axis. What is your experimental value for the absolute zero of temperature? 9 What is the relationship between the pressure P and the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature T of the air? 11 Ideal gases Cambridge University Press
7 End-of-chapter test Answer all questions. Avogadro constant N A = mol 1 universal gas constant R = 8.31 J mol 1 K 1 1 The molar mass of water is 18 g. Calculate: a the number of molecules in 2.0 moles of water; [1] b the number of molecules of water in a cup containing 200 g of water. [3] 2 The temperature of solid A is 210 K and the temperature of solid B is 70 C. Which of these two solids is at a higher temperature? [2] 3 a Use the ideal gas equation to explain why for a fixed amount of gas: = constant T where P is the pressure exerted by the gas, V is the volume occupied by the gas and T is the thermodynamic (absolute) temperature. [2] b At a research station in the Arctic a weather balloon is filled with helium gas. The volume of the balloon is 0.56 m 3. At a temperature of 20 C the pressure exerted by the helium gas is 180 kpa. i Calculate the number of moles of helium. [3] ii When the balloon is released it reaches a stable height above the ground. The pressure within the balloon drops to 120 kpa. Assuming there is no change in the temperature, calculate the new volume of the balloon. [3] 4 At a temperature of 30 C, the mean kinetic energy of a proton is J. The mass of a proton is kg. For a single proton, calculate: a its speed at a temperature of 30 C; [3] b its mean kinetic energy at 600 C. [3] Total: 20 Score: % 132 Cambridge University Press Ideal gases
8 Marking scheme Worksheet 1 a Number of atoms = number of moles N A number of atoms = [1] b Number of molecules = [1] c Number of atoms = [1] 2 There are atoms in 4.0 g of helium. [1] mass of atom = = kg kg [1] a There are atoms in kg of uranium. [1] mass of atom = = kg kg [1] mass of uranium b i Number of moles = [1] molar mass of uranium ii 0.12 g number of moles = = [1] 235 g Number of atoms = number of moles N A number of atoms = [1] 4 The absolute zero of temperature is 273 C or 0 K. [1] This is the lowest temperature any substance can have. [1] At absolute zero of temperature, the substance has minimum internal energy. [1] 5 a i T = = 273 K [1] ii T =273+80=353K [1] iii T = =153K [1] b i θ = =127 C [1] ii θ = = 1 C [1] iii θ =3 273= 270 C [1] 6 a Pressure volume = number of moles universal gas constant thermodynamic temperature [1] b = nrt [1] nrt P = = [1] V P Pa (120 kpa) [1] 11 Ideal gases Cambridge University Press
9 7 a = nrt [1] Comparing this equation with y = mx, we have: y =, x=t, gradient, m = nr [1] A graph of against T is a straight line through the origin. Correct graph. [1] gradient n = (R = molar gas constant) [1] R gradient = nr 0 0 T b = nrt [1] At a constant temperature, the product is a constant. [1] Hence a graph of against P is a straight horizontal line (see below). [1] 0 0 P 8 a = nrt [1] 4.0 n = = [1] 29 nrt ( ) P = = [1] V P = Pa Pa (12 kpa) [1] P b = constant when the volume of the gas is constant. [1] T The pressure is doubled, hence the absolute temperature of the gas is also doubled. [1] Therefore: temperature = 2 ( ) = 614 K [1] temperature in C = = 341 C 340 C [1] 134 Cambridge University Press Ideal gases
10 9 a n = [1] RT n = (273 13) [1] 8.31 (273 13) Hence, n= moles [1] b Total volume, V = m 3, T =273 13=260K nrt P = [1]; P = V [1] P Pa (240 kpa) [1] F a P = = [1] A P = Pa [1] b n = [1] RT n = [1] 8.31 ( ) n = moles [1] c i Mass = number of moles molar mass mass = = g 0.75 g [1] ii Density = density = [1] density = 3.14 kg m kg m 3 [1] 11 Mean kinetic energy of atom absolute temperature [1] 1 mv 2 T [1] or v 2 2T 2 m Since the mass m of the atom is constant, we have: v T [1] The temperature of 0 C in kelvin is: T = 273 K The absolute temperature increases by a factor of: (= 36.6) [1] Hence the speed will increase by a factor of: [ = 6.05 [1] mass volume The speed of the atoms at K is: speed = km s 1 [1] ] [ ] 11 Ideal gases Cambridge University Press
11 12 a 3RT Mean kinetic energy = = 2N A [1] mean kinetic energy = J J [1] b There are atoms in 44 g of carbon dioxide. [1] mass of molecule = m = = kg [1] mv 2 = [1] v = [1] v 390 m s 1 [1] c 3RT 3RT Total kinetic energy of 1 mole of gas = N A = 2N A 2 [1] The change in the internal energy of the gas is almost entirely kinetic energy. 3 3 change in internal energy = 2 R( ) = [1] 2 change in internal energy 1.2 kj [1] 136 Cambridge University Press Ideal gases
12 Marking scheme End-of-chapter test 1 a Number of molecules = number of moles N A number of molecules = [1] mass of water b Number of moles = [1] molar mass of water 200 number of moles = [1] 18 number of molecules = number of moles N A 200 number of molecules = = [1] 18 2 Temperature of B in kelvin is: T =273 70=203K [1] Solid A has a higher temperature of 210 K. [1] 3 a The ideal gas equation is: = nrt [1] For a fixed amount of gas, the number n of moles is a constant and R is a constant for all ideal gases. [1] Hence: = nr = constant. T b i n = [1] RT n = [1] 8.31 (273 20) n = 47.9 moles 48 moles [1] ii At constant temperature, = constant [1] = V [1] V = = 0.84 m 3 [1] a mv 2 = [1] v = [1]; v ms 1 [1] b Mean kinetic energy absolute temperature [1] The temperature increases by a factor of: = 2.88 [1] The mean kinetic energy increases by the same factor. Hence: mean kinetic energy = J J [1] 11 Ideal gases Cambridge University Press
Compiled and rearranged by Sajit Chandra Shakya
1 (a) (i) The kinetic theory of gases leads to the equation m = kt. (b) Explain the significance of the quantity m... the equation to suggest what is meant by the absolute zero of temperature...
More informationIdeal Gases. 247 minutes. 205 marks. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comments:
Ideal Gases Name: Class: Date: Time: 247 minutes Marks: 205 marks Comments: Page 1 of 48 1 Which one of the graphs below shows the relationship between the internal energy of an ideal gas (y-axis) and
More informationS6. (a) State what is meant by an ideal gas...
IB PHYSICS Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS TSOKOS CHAPTER 3 TEST REVIEW S1. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by A. conduction. B. radiation.
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 Q1. In an experiment to measure the temperature of the flame of a Bunsen burner, a lump of copper of mass 0.12 kg is heated in the flame for several minutes. The copper is then
More informationKinetic Theory. 84 minutes. 62 marks. theonlinephysicstutor.com. facebook.com/theonlinephysicstutor. Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comments:
Kinetic Theory Name: Class: Date: Time: 84 minutes Marks: 62 marks Comments: Page 1 of 19 1 Which one of the following is not an assumption about the properties of particles in the simple kinetic theory?
More informationEstimate, for this water, the specific heat capacity, specific heat capacity =... J kg 1 K 1. the specific latent heat of vaporisation.
1 A kettle is rated as 2.3 kw. A mass of 750 g of water at 20 C is poured into the kettle. When the kettle is switched on, it takes 2.0 minutes for the water to start boiling. In a further 7.0 minutes,
More informationCHAPTER 3 TEST REVIEW
IB PHYSICS Name: Period: Date: # Marks: 52 Raw Score: IB Curve: DEVIL PHYSICS BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS CHAPTER 3 TEST REVIEW 1. Water at a temperature of 0 C is kept in a thermally insulated container.
More informationCLASSIFIED 2 PRESSURE THERMAL PHYSICS MR. HUSSAM SAMIR
CLASSIFIED 2 PRESSURE THERMAL PHYSICS MR. HUSSAM SAMIR 1. The diagram shows a simple mercury barometer. If atmospheric pressure increases, what happens to level X and to level Y? 2. Four flower vases have
More informationTopic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics
Name: Date: Topic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics 1. The kelvin temperature of an object is a measure of A. the total energy of the molecules of the object. B. the total kinetic energy of the molecules of
More informationUNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON. University of London EXAMINATION FOR INTERNAL STUDENTS. For The Following Qualifications:-
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON University of London EXAMINATION FOR INTERNAL STUDENTS For The Following Qualifications:- B.Sc. M.Sci. Physics 1B28: Thermal Physics COURSE CODE : PHYSIB28 UNIT VALUE : 0.50 DATE
More informationThermodynamics. Atoms are in constant motion, which increases with temperature.
Thermodynamics SOME DEFINITIONS: THERMO related to heat DYNAMICS the study of motion SYSTEM an object or set of objects ENVIRONMENT the rest of the universe MICROSCOPIC at an atomic or molecular level
More informationP6 Molecules and matter. Student Book answers. P6.1 Density. Question Answer Marks Guidance. 1 a m 3 (= 0.80 m 0.60 m 0.
P6. Density a 0.024 m 3 (= 0.80 m 0.60 m 0.05 m) b = 2500 kg/m 3 2 a 36 g 48 g = 88 g 2 b =. g/cm 3 3 a i 0.000 40 m 3 (= 0.0 m 0.080 m 0.05 m) 3 a ii = 9 000 kg/m 3 3 b v = = 7.9 0 8 m 3 thickness t =
More informationPURE PHYSICS THERMAL PHYSICS (PART I)
PURE PHYSICS THERMAL PHYSICS (PART I) 1 The kinetic theory of matter states that all matters are made up of or, which are in and motion. forces hold the atoms or molecules together. The nature of these
More informationAll gases display distinctive properties compared with liquid or solid. Among them, five properties are the most important and listed below:
CHEM 1111 117 Experiment 8 Ideal gas Objective: 1. Advance core knowledge of ideal gas law; 2. Construct the generator to produce gases; 3. Collect the gas under ambient temperature. Introduction: An ideal
More information1. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by. D. radiation and convection. (1)
1. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by A. conduction. B. radiation. C. conduction and convection. D. radiation and convection. 2. The specific latent heat of vaporization
More informationIntroduction. Chemistry the science of matter and the changes it can undergo.
Introduction Chemistry the science of matter and the changes it can undergo. Physical Chemistry concerned with the physical principles that underlie chemistry. Seeks to account for the properties of matter
More informationChapter 10. Thermal Physics. Thermodynamic Quantities: Volume V and Mass Density ρ Pressure P Temperature T: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics Thermodynamic Quantities: Volume V and Mass Density ρ Pressure P Temperature T: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Temperature Scales Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids Ideal
More informationA Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings.
Chapter 5 Gases Chapter 5 A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved
More informationRevision Guide for Chapter 13
Matter: very simple Revision Guide for Chapter Contents Student s Checklist Revision Notes Ideal gas... Ideal gas laws... Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases... 5 Internal energy... 6 Specific thermal
More informationtp03: The Ideal Gas Law
tp03: The Ideal Gas Law Jack Lyes 18/01/2014 The main objective of this experiment was to calculate a value for absolute zero, the temperature at which a gas exerts zero pressure. This was achieved by
More informationChapter 10. Thermal Physics
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics Thermal Physics Thermal physics is the study of Temperature Heat How these affect matter Thermal Physics, cont Descriptions require definitions of temperature, heat and internal
More informationTemperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines
Temperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines Zeroeth Law Two systems individually in thermal equilibrium with a third
More informationNATIONAL 5 PHYSICS THERMODYNAMICS
NATIONAL 5 PHYSICS THERMODYNAMICS HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Heat and temperature are not the same thing! Heat Heat is a type of energy. Like all types of energy it is measured in joules (J). The heat energy
More information11/22/11. If you add some heat to a substance, is it possible for the temperature of the substance to remain unchanged?
Physics 101 Tuesday 11/22/11 Class 26" Chapter 17.2, 17.5, 17.6, 18.1, 18.2" Kinetic Theory" Latent Heat" Phase changes" 1 st law of thermodynamics" " Which one is not the assumption in kinetic theory
More informationProperties of Gases. assume the volume and shape of their containers. most compressible of the states of matter
Gases Properties of Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers most compressible of the states of matter mix evenly and completely with other gases much lower density than other forms of matter
More informationTheory (NOTE: This theory is the same that we covered before in Experiment 11on the Ideal Gas model)
Experiment 12 CHARLES LAW Objectives 1. To set up a model of thermal machine, 2. To put to work the model to verify Charles law, 3. To describe and explain Charles law Theory (NOTE: This theory is the
More information14.3 Ideal Gases > Chapter 14 The Behavior of Gases Ideal Gases Properties of Gases The Gas Laws Gases: Mixtures and Movements
Chapter 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.1 Properties of Gases 14.2 The Gas Laws 14.3 Ideal Gases 14.4 Gases: Mixtures and Movements 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
More information(a) (i) One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases is that molecules make elastic collisions. State what is meant by an elastic collision.
1 (a) (i) One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases is that molecules make elastic collisions. State what is meant by an elastic collision. State two more assumptions that are made in the kinetic
More informationCHAPTER 16 A MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF MATTER
CHAPTER 16 A MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF MATTER This brief chapter provides an introduction to thermodynamics. The goal is to use phenomenological descriptions of the microscopic details of matter in order
More information12. Heat of melting and evaporation of water
VS 12. Heat of melting and evaporation of water 12.1 Introduction The change of the physical state of a substance in general requires the absorption or release of heat. In this case, one speaks of a first
More informationName: New Document 1. Class: Date: 83 minutes. Time: 82 marks. Marks: Comments:
New Document Name: Class: Date: Time: 83 minutes Marks: 82 marks Comments: Q. Solid, liquid and gas are three different states of matter. (a) Describe the difference between the solid and gas states, in
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 13 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 13 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
More information17-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
17-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature The relationship between the volume, pressure, temperature, and mass of a gas is called an equation of state. We will deal here with gases that are not too dense.
More informationChemistry 11. Unit 11 Ideal Gas Law (Special Topic)
Chemistry 11 Unit 11 Ideal Gas Law (Special Topic) 2 1. States of substances It has been studied in Unit 3 that there exist 3 states of matter in nature: gas, liquid and solid. (Technically there is the
More information11/22/2010. Mid term results. Thermal physics
Mid term results Thermal physics 1 Zeroth law of thermodynamics If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
More informationGAS LAWS. Boyle s Law: Investigating the dependence of Volume on Pressure (Temperature kept constant)
1 GAS LAWS Boyle s Law: Investigating the dependence of Volume on Pressure (Temperature kept constant) The diagram below shows the apparatus which gives a direct reading for both the volume and pressure
More informationThe Kinetic Theory of Gases
PHYS102 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases Ideal gas RMS speed Internal energy Isothermal process Isobaric process Isochoric process Adiabatic process General process 1. Figure
More informationChapter 12. Answers to examination-style questions. Answers Marks Examiner s tips
(a) v esc = gr = (.6 740 0 3 ) ½ = 400 m s (370 m s to 3 sig figs) (b) (i) Mean kinetic energy = 3_ kt =.5.38 0 3 400 = 8.3 0 J (ii) Mass of an oxygen molecule m= molar mass/n A 0.03 = kg 6.0 0 3 Rearranging
More informationChemistry Entrance Material for Grade 10 to
Chemistry Entrance Material for Grade 10 to 11 2018-2019 Chapter 1: Laboratory Skills and Techniques In all multiple choice questions, more than answer could be correct Section : 1 Safety Rules Concept
More informationChapter 10, Thermal Physics
CHAPTER 10 1. If it is given that 546 K equals 273 C, then it follows that 400 K equals: a. 127 C b. 150 C c. 473 C d. 1 200 C 2. A steel wire, 150 m long at 10 C, has a coefficient of linear expansion
More informationChapter 10: Thermal Physics
Chapter 10: hermal Physics hermal physics is the study of emperature, Heat, and how these affect matter. hermal equilibrium eists when two objects in thermal contact with each other cease to echange energy.
More informationChapter 5 The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 The Gaseous State Contents and Concepts Gas Laws We will investigate the quantitative relationships that describe the behavior of gases. 1. Gas Pressure and Its Measurement 2. Empirical Gas Laws
More informationChapter 10. Answers to Even Numbered Problems. 2. (a) 251 C. (b) 1.36 atm C, C. 6. (a) 273 C (b) 1.27 atm, 1.74 atm
hapter Answers to Even Numbered Problems. (a) 5 (b).6 atm 4. 56.7, -6. 6. (a) 7 (b).7 atm,.74 atm 8. (a) 8 F (b) 45 K. (a) 6 (b) 6. (a) L. m.49 mm (b) fast 4..9 8. 8.7 m..5 km, accordion-like expansion
More informationNational 5 Physics. Electricity and Energy. Notes
National 5 Physics Electricity and Energy Notes Name. 1 P a g e Key Area Notes, Examples and Questions Page 3 Conservation of energy Page 10 Electrical charge carriers and electric fields and potential
More informationTemperature, Thermal Expansion and the Gas Laws
Temperature, Thermal Expansion and the Gas Laws z x Physics 053 Lecture Notes Temperature,Thermal Expansion and the Gas Laws Temperature and Thermometers Thermal Equilibrium Thermal Expansion The Ideal
More informationSection A Q1 Which of the following least resembles an ideal gas? A ammonia B helium C hydrogen D trichloromethane
Section A Q1 Which of the following least resembles an ideal gas? A ammonia B helium C hydrogen D trichloromethane Q2 The density of ice is 1.00 g cm 3. What is the volume of steam produced when 1.00 cm3
More informationWhat Do You Think? Investigate GOALS. [Catch art: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] Part A: Volume and Temperature of a Gas
Activity 4 Hot-Air Balloons [Catch art: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] GOALS In this activity you will: Investigate the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas. Understand why the Kelvin scale is used
More informationUnit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws
Unit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws It may be helpful to view the animation showing heating curve and changes of state: http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/031_changesstate.mov
More informationIntroductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed.
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed. by Steven S. Zumdahl & Donald J. DeCoste University of Illinois Chapter 13 Gases Properties of
More informationChapters 17 &19 Temperature, Thermal Expansion and The Ideal Gas Law
Chapters 17 &19 Temperature, Thermal Expansion and The Ideal Gas Law Units of Chapter 17 & 19 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Temperature Scales Thermal Expansion Heat and Mechanical Work
More informationA) 2.0 atm B) 2.2 atm C) 2.4 atm D) 2.9 atm E) 3.3 atm
Name: Date: 1. On a cold day ( 3 C), the gauge pressure on a tire reads 2.0 atm. If the tire is heated to 27 C, what will be the absolute pressure of the air inside the tire? A) 2.0 atm B) 2.2 atm C) 2.4
More informationGas Laws. Gas Properties. Gas Properties. Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws
Gas Laws Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws Gas Properties 1) Gases have mass - the density of the gas is very low in comparison to solids and liquids, which make it
More informationAlthough different gasses may differ widely in their chemical properties, they share many physical properties
IV. Gases (text Chapter 9) A. Overview of Chapter 9 B. Properties of gases 1. Ideal gas law 2. Dalton s law of partial pressures, etc. C. Kinetic Theory 1. Particulate model of gases. 2. Temperature and
More informationA).5 atm B) 1 atm C) 1.5 atm D) 2 atm E) it is impossible to tell
1. ne atmosphere is equivalent to A) 1.00 g ml 1 B) 22,400 ml ) 273 K D) 760. mmhg E) 298 K 2. A cylinder contains 2.50 L of air at a pressure of 5.00 atmospheres. At what volume, will the air exert a
More informationSome Fundamental Definitions:
Lecture 2. The GAS LAWS Some Fundamental Definitions: SYSTEM: the part of the universe being the subject of study 1 Some Fundamental Definitions: State of the System: condition of a system at any given
More informationGases. Measuring Temperature Fahrenheit ( o F): Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic (no energy lost) there are no intermolecular attractive forces Think of an ideal gas as a collection of perfectly
More informationPractice Problems. Unit 11 - Gas Laws. CRHS Academic Chemistry. Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70)
Name Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 11 - Gas Laws Practice Problems Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70) 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Warm-Up EC Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located
More informationLAB 11: THE IDEAL GAS LAW AND ABSOLUTE ZERO OF TEMPERATURE
173 Name Date Partners LAB 11: THE IDEAL GAS LAW AND ABSOLUTE ZERO OF TEMPERATURE OBJECTIVES... the hypothesis, that supposes the pressures and expansions to be in reciprocal proportions.. Robert Boyle
More informationSTP : standard temperature and pressure 0 o C = 273 K kpa
GAS LAWS Pressure can be measured in different units. For our calculations, we need Pressure to be expressed in kpa. 1 atm = 760. mmhg = 101.3 kpa R is the Universal Gas Constant. Take note of the units:
More informationIdeal Gas and Latent Heat
Ideal Gas and Latent Heat Objectives: To understand the significance of the ideal gas law. To determine the value of absolute zero on the Centigrade scale. To design an experiment to measure the latent
More information4.1. Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM. What is thermal equilibrium?
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL 2010 4.1 4 UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM What is thermal equilibrium? 1. (, Temperature ) is a form of energy that flows from a hot body to a cold body.
More informationChapter 19 Thermal Properties of Matter. A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University
Chapter 19 Thermal Properties of Matter A PowerPoint Presentation by Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics Southern Polytechnic State University 2007 Objectives: After finishing this unit, you should be
More information1. What is the value of the quantity PV for one mole of an ideal gas at 25.0 C and one atm?
Real Gases Thought Question: How does the volume of one mole of methane gas (CH4) at 300 Torr and 298 K compare to the volume of one mole of an ideal gas at 300 Torr and 298 K? a) the volume of methane
More informationCHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12. The Behavior of Gases
Goals : To gain an understanding of : 1. The kinetic theory of matter. 2. Avogadro's hypothesis. 3. The behavior of gases and the gas laws. NOTES: CHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12 The Behavior of Gases The kinetic
More informationREVISION: GAS LAWS & MOLE CALCULATIONS 18 JUNE 2013
REVISION: GAS LAWS & MOLE CALCULATIONS 18 JUNE 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we revise how to: apply the gas laws to perform calculations apply the mole concept to perform calculations Key Concepts
More informationModule 5: Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe. You should be able to demonstrate and show your understanding of:
OCR B Physics H557 Module 5: Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe You should be able to demonstrate and show your understanding of: 5.2: Matter Particle model: A gas consists of many very small, rapidly
More informationElectricity and Energy 1 Content Statements
Keep this in good condition, it will help you pass your final exams. The school will only issue one paper copy per pupil. An e-copy will be placed on the school s web-site. Electricity and Energy 1 Content
More informationApparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas
Apparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas As P (h) increases V decreases 1 Boyle s Law P α 1/V P x V = constant P 1 x V 1 = P 2 x V 2 Constant temperature Constant amount
More informationDual Program Level 1 Physics Course
Dual Program Level 1 Physics Course Assignment 15 Due: 11/Feb/2012 14:00 Assume that water has a constant specific heat capacity of 4190 J/kg K at all temperatures between its melting point and boiling
More informationChapter 5 The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 The Gaseous State Contents and Concepts Gas Laws We will investigate the quantitative relationships that describe the behavior of gases. 1. Gas Pressure and Its Measurement 2. Empirical Gas Laws
More information1. This question is about modelling the thermal processes involved when a person is running.
1. This question is about modelling the thermal processes involved when a person is running. When running, a person generates thermal energy but maintains approximately constant temperature. (a) Explain
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 2 (*) (1)
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. (a) pressure (*) Pa or N m volume m (*) (*) (not allow kpa) number of moles mol (or none) molar gas constant J K 1 mol 1 (mol 1 implies molar) temperature K 4 (b) (i) W(=
More information2. If the volume of a container holding a gas is reduced, what will happen to the presure within the container?
1. Which gas law states that the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant? A. Boyle s law B. Charles law C. Dalton s law D. Gay-Lussac
More informationIdeal Gas Law. Name, Date, Partner Lab Section. Date, Partner and Lab Section
Ideal Gas Law Jane Doe Physics 16, Tuesday Section Title Title Partner: Michelle Smith Sept. 12, 2006 Introduction: Name, Date, Partner and Name, Lab Section Date, Partner and Lab Section The purpose of
More informationChapter 14 Thermal Physics: A Microscopic View
Chapter 14 Thermal Physics: Microscopic View The main focus of this chapter is the application of some of the basic principles we learned earlier to thermal physics. This will give us some important insights
More informationHeat Lost and Heat Gained Determining the Specific Heat of a Metal
20 Determining the Specific Heat of a Metal This lab is divided into two parts. In the first part you will examine the relationship between heat lost and heat gained when two liquids are mixed. In the
More informationName: Regents Review Quiz #1 2016
Name: Regents Review Quiz #1 2016 1. Which two particle diagrams represent mixtures of diatomic elements? A) A and B B) A and C C) B and C D) B and D 2. At STP, which physical property of aluminum always
More information10 States of Matter. Aubrey High School AP Chemistry. Period Date / / 10.2 Problems - Liquids and Gases
Aubrey High School AP Chemistry 10 States of Matter 1. Use the following table to answer these questions. Vapor Pressures of Various Liquids Temp. ( C) Ethyl alcohol Benzene Methyl salicylate Water Carbon
More informationCh 6 Gases 6 GASES. Property of gases. pressure = force/area
6 GASES Gases are one of the three states of matter, and while this state is indispensable for chemistry's study of matter, this chapter mainly considers the relationships between volume, temperature and
More informationGases. Characteristics of Gases. Unlike liquids and solids, gases
Gases Characteristics of Gases Unlike liquids and solids, gases expand to fill their containers; are highly compressible; have extremely low densities. 1 Pressure Pressure is the amount of force applied
More informationCHAPTER 5 GASES AND THE KINETIC- MOLECULAR THEORY
CHAPTER 5 GASES AND THE KINETIC- MOLECULAR THEORY FOLLOW UP PROBLEMS 5.1A Plan: Use the equation for gas pressure in an open-end manometer to calculate the pressure of the gas. Use conversion factors to
More informationEXPERIMENT 6: ABSOLUTE ZERO
LAB SECTION: NAME: EXPERIMENT 6: ABSOLUTE ZERO Introduction: In this lab, you will use the relationship between temperature and volume for a gaseous substance (we will use air) to determine the temperature
More informationAP PHYSICS 2 WHS-CH-15 Thermodynamics Show all your work, equations used, and box in your answers!
AP PHYSICS 2 WHS-CH-15 Thermodynamics Show all your work, equations used, and box in your answers! Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) Sadi Carnot was a French military engineer and physicist, often
More information7. (2) Of these elements, which has the greatest number of atoms in a mole? a. hydrogen (H) b. oxygen (O) c. iron (Fe) d. gold (Au) e. all tie.
General Physics I Exam 5 - Chs. 13,14,15 - Heat, Kinetic Theory, Thermodynamics Dec. 14, 2010 Name Rec. Instr. Rec. Time For full credit, make your work clear to the grader. Show formulas used, essential
More informationScientists and Their Discoveries: The Ideal Gas Law Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide
Scientists and Their Discoveries: The Ideal Gas Law Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1170 Paper #35-1171 Laminated Background Gas Law Basics Matter most frequently takes the form of a solid, liquid,
More informationLecture 24. Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
Lecture 4 Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Today s Topics: Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory of Gases Phase equilibria and phase diagrams Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas is an idealized model for real gases that
More information--Lord Kelvin, May 3rd, 1883
When you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, you knowledge is of a meager
More informationThe first law of thermodynamics. U = internal energy. Q = amount of heat energy transfer
Thermodynamics Investigation of the energy transfer by heat and work and how natural systems behave (Q) Heat transfer of energy due to temp differences. (W) Work transfer of energy through mechanical means.
More information12.2. The Ideal Gas Law. Density and Molar Mass of Gases SECTION. Key Terms
SECTION 12.2 The Ideal Gas Law You have related the combined gas law to Avogadro s volume-mole gas relationship using two sets of conditions. This enabled you to make calculations of pressure, temperature,
More informationEmpirical Gas Laws (Parts 1 and 2) Pressure-volume and pressure-temperature relationships in gases
Empirical Gas Laws (Parts 1 and 2) Pressure-volume and pressure-temperature relationships in gases Some of the earliest experiments in chemistry and physics involved the study of gases. The invention of
More informationChapter 11. Molecular Composition of Gases
Chapter 11 Molecular Composition of Gases PART 1 Volume-Mass Relationships of Gases Avogadro s Law Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Recall
More informationLab 12 Pressure-Temperature Relationship in Gases
Lab 12 Pressure-Temperature Relationship in Gases INTRODUCTION /PURPOSE/PLE LAB QUESTION Gases are made up of molecules that are in constant motion and exert pressure when they collide with the walls of
More informationHEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS 1. THE ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE SCALE In the textbook you have been introduced to the concept of temperature, and to the fact that there is a natural zero of temperature, the temperature
More informationLAB 12 - THE IDEAL GAS LAW
L12-1 Name Date Partners LAB 12 - THE IDEAL GAS LAW OBJECTIVES... the hypothesis, that supposes the pressures and expansions to be in reciprocal proportions.. Robert Boyle To understand how a gaseous system
More informationThis should serve a s a study guide as you go on to do the problems in Sapling and take the quizzes and exams.
CHM 111 Chapter 9 Worksheet and Study Guide Purpose: This is a guide for your as you work through the chapter. The major topics are provided so that you can write notes on each topic and work the corresponding
More informationChemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten. Chapter 10. Gases.
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, they Expand to fill their containers.
More informationStudent Book links Specification links Links to prior learning Suggested teaching order
Teaching plan 5.1.2 Molecular formulae Student Book links Specification links Links to prior learning Suggested teaching order 5.1.2 5.03 5.04 5.05 Core practical 1 Learning objectives Empirical formulae
More informationMATTER AND HEAT. Chapter 4 OUTLINE GOALS
Chapter 4 MATTER AND HEAT OUTLINE Temperature and Heat 4.1 Temperature 4.2 Heat 4.3 Metabolic Energy Fluids 4.4 Density 4.5 Pressure 4.6 Buoyancy 4.7 The Gas Laws Kinetic Theory of Matter 4.8 Kinetic Theory
More information(2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of gas. (3) Molecules of a gas moves randomly in all direction.
9.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases : Assumption (1) The molecules of a gas are identical, spherical and perfectly elastic point masses. (2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of
More informationChapter 11 Gases 1 Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009
Chapter 11 Gases Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 11.1 Properties of Gases The properties of a gas are almost independent of its identity. (Gas molecules behave as if no other molecules are present.) Compressible
More information