Simulations of the plasma dynamics in high-current ion diodes
|
|
- Neal Owen
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 415 (1998) Simulations of the plasma dynamics in high-current ion diodes O. Boine-Frankenheim *, T.D. Pointon, T.A. Mehlhorn Gesellschaft fu( r Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Planckstrasse 1, Darmstadt, Germany Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA Abstract Our time-implicit fluid/particle-in-cell (PIC) code DYNAID [1] is applied to problems relevant for applied-b ion diode operation. We present simulations of the laser ion source, which will soon be employed on the SABRE accelerator at SNL, and of the dynamics of the anode source plasma in the applied electric and magnetic fields. DYNAID is still a test-bed for a higher-dimensional simulation code. Nevertheless, the code can already give new theoretical insight into the dynamics of plasmas in pulsed power devices Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: y; Pv Keywords: Ion sources; Plasma simulation 1. Introduction Applied-B ion diodes efficiently produce an ion beam from electrical power supplied by an accelerator by inhibiting electron flow across the anode cathode (A K) gap with an externally applied magnetic field. Experiments on the PBFA II [2] (20 30 TW, MV, 2 MA) and SABRE [3] (1 TW, 5 MV, 250 ka) accelerators at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have focused on producing Li ion beams for inertial confinement fusion applications. * Corresponding author. Fax: # ; o.boine-frankenheim@gsi.de. A simple scheme of applied-b ion diode operation is shown in Fig. 1. The ion beam is extracted from the anode source plasma by the applied electric field in x-direction. The electron flux from the cathode is inhibited by the applied B field. The cathode electrons perform a E B drift in y-direction and form a virtual cathode [4]. Efficient ion diode operation requires the generation of an ion source plasma at the anode before the power pulse is switched on. In future experiments on SABRE a laser will be used to produce a singly ionized Li plasma at the anode surface. Recent theoretical work at SNL focused on the coupled dynamics of dense, collisional plasmas arising at the anode, as for instance the ion source plasma or contaminant plasmas, and the low-density plasmas in the anode cathode gap /98/$ Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S ( 9 8 )
2 474 O. Boine-Frankenheim et al./nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 415 (1998) Fig. 1. Schematic view of applied-b ion diode operation (B "2!10 ¹, E +10 MV/cm). The coordinate system is chosen so that the applied electric field points in x-direction and the applied magnetic field in z-direction. The simulation of plasmas in ion diodes with usual explicit fluid or PIC methods is greatly complicated by the wide range of time-scale parameters ω t and ν t (ω plasma frequency, ν collision frequency between two species, t simulation time step) across the anode cathode gap. In order to run a simulation code with an acceptable large time step, but still account correctly for the electron dynamics at the time scale of the simulation the time-implicit evaluation of the electric field is required. Additionally, to account for the collisional coupling between species, the simultaneous time-implicit solution of the local collision forces between all species is necessary. Implicit time integration schemes for fluid or particle advance are accurate and stable over a wide range of timescale parameters [5,6]. For the simulation of the applied-b ion diode operation we are therefore developing the onedimensional (one space coordinate x, two velocities u, u ) time-implicit fluid/pic hybrid code DYN- AID, described previously in Ref. [1], designed to self-consistently simulate collisional plasma/neutral systems with an arbitrary number of interacting species, over greatly varying density regimes and together with applied electric and magnetic fields. Our multifluid code is based on the implicit algorithms of Rambo and Denavit [5], with changes to include applied and induced electric and magnetic fields in the transverse directions. The multifluid code also models inelastic collisions between fluids: charge exchange between ions and neutrals, and impact ionization by both electrons and ions. The multifluid approach to plasma simulations fails under several circumstances (see for instance Ref. [7]). In these cases a kinetic description becomes necessary. Especially for applied-b ion diode applications it is important to treat the low-density electrons emitted from the cathode and the beam ions extracted from the anode plasma kinetically to account correctly for the instabilities leading to the divergence of the extracted ion beam. DYNAID includes an implicit particle handler. Within our code it is possible to convert a fluid into PIC particles and reverse using different criteria, based on the collision frequency or the density, for example. The PIC particles couple with the fluids due to the self-consistent electromagnetic fields and elastic collisions. In this paper we want to present results obtained with DYNAID concerning the generation of an anode source plasma with a laser and concerning the dynamics of an anode source plasma in the applied electromagnetic fields of an ion diode. 2. Laser-generated anode plasma At SNL s SABRE accelerator soon a 10 ns ND : YAG 0.1 J/cm laser will be employed to generate Li ions at the anode surface. We deal here with the situation before the electrical power pulse is switched on, but the applied magnetic field of about 2 T is already present. The laser radiation generates a partly ionized Li vapor at the LiAg anode surface. The desired breakdown in the vapor expanding across the applied magnetic field can occur due to inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption of the laser light by the vapor. In the so-called, non-diamagnetic limit, where the magnetic field quickly penetrates into the plasma, the plasma particles (Li ions and electrons) can expand across the applied magnetic field (+2T) due to an internal electric field E E #u B "0. (1) The internal electric field leads to a E B drift across the magnetic field, with nearly the initial thermal velocity.
3 O. Boine-Frankenheim et al./nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 415 (1998) The diamagnetic electron current induced by the space charge separation in the front of an expanding plasma causes an additional heating of the front layer. This front layer can reach high temperatures, because the heat flux back into the denser plasma is strongly reduced due to the applied magnetic field. For the simulation of the laser ion source operation we use the multifluid part of DYNAID with three fluids: neutrals, Li ions and primary electrons evaporated from the anode surface and secondary electrons created by impact ionization. The fluid electrons can absorb the laser radiation by inverse Bremsstrahlung. The time-dependent evaporated flux of Li neutrals, Li ions and electrons as a function of the laser light reaching the LiAg anode surface are calculated using an auxiliary code, which solves the one-dimensional heat flux equation in time and space for the 0.5 μm thick LiAg substrate on a Au layer. The values obtained by the auxiliary code are used as a time-dependent input for DYNAID. In the experiment peak laser intensities of 2 10 Wcm are reached. Fig. 2 shows the simulation results 25 ns after the peak laser intensity. It can be seen that the expansion velocity of the neutral/plasma front is roughly 10 cm/s. The applied magnetic field inhibits the low density plasma foot expanding with slightly higher velocity than the neutrals, which is seen in DYNAID simulations and experiments without the applied magnetic field. The magnetic field reverses the sign of the ambipolar field E at front of the plasma. This electric field causes a diamagnetic drift current, which heats up the low-density electrons in the front layer of the expanding vapor to about 20 ev. The high temperatures are possible due to heat flux inhibition by the magnetic field. The heating of the front layer causes the generation of low-density secondary electrons in the front layer, but no breakdown. The magnetic field remains unchanged by the diamagnetic current. Fig. 2. Expansion across an applied-b field (2 T). Results obtained with DYNAID at t"25 ns after the laser peak intensity of 2 10 Wcm. Neutrals (n), primary electrons (e), secondary electrons (se) and ions (i). For the electrons the velocity in y-direction is given and the velocity in x-direction for the other fluids.
4 476 O. Boine-Frankenheim et al./nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 415 (1998) It is important to point out the parameters used in this simulation, which are: ω t 100, ω t+1.0 and ν t 3.4. ω is the electron plasma frequency, ω is the electron cyclotron frequency and ν is the electron ion collision frequency. Even for these high simulation parameters DYNAID runs stable. We checked the accuracy of the obtained results by varying the time step. At intensities of 4 10 Wcm and above with and without a magnetic field DYNAID simulations show that a plasma breakdown is induced, leading to a dense ('10 cm ), singly ionized Li plasma in front of the anode. The plasma front rapidly (v+10 cm/s) expands away from the anode surface. The induced diamagnetic current in the lowdensity plasma front leads to temperatures of about 100 ev, but is not sufficient to alter the magnetic field. It should be pointed out that the exact dynamics of a dense plasma expanding across a magnetic field is beyond the capabilities of our onedimensional multifluid code. The expanding plasma is unstable to several plasma instabilities (see, for instance, Ref. [8]). In our fluid model we can only approximate the effects of these instabilities by adding an anomalous collision frequency [9]. Our DYNAID simulation show, that with the laser employed at SABRE plasma breakdown in the expanding vapor may be incomplete. Below the breakdown threshold only a partly ionized vapor would be generated by the laser. Above threshold a dense plasma is created, expanding quickly into the A K gap. DYNAID can be used to study the ion diode operation with an arbitrary anode vapor/plasma system generated by the laser. In the next section we will present results for the simple case of a fully ionized anode plasma. 3. Applied-B ion diode operation Within the limits of our one-dimensional approach we use DYNAID to gain some insight into the dynamics of an anode source plasma during the applied-b ion diode operation. The magnetic field generated by the cathode sheet electrons, which are not explicitly included in our present model, is approximated by the assumption of pressure balance across the A K gap [9] B "B #2μ J(2m»/eZ). (2) Here B is the magnetic field at the anode, B is the magnetic field at the cathode side, J is the extracted ion current,» is the applied potential difference across the A K gap. We start at t"0 with a magnetized (2 T), singly ionized, 3 mm thick, Li plasma layer of 1 ev temperature in front of the anode. The A K gap is 1.1 cm wide and the peak applied potential across the gap is 3 MV. The power pulse has a sin (πt/τ) shape, with τ"40 ns. The anode surface behind the plasma layer is treated as an ideal conductor. For the DYNAID simulation we use four fluids: primary electrons and Li ions together with secondary electrons and Li ions created by impact ionization. Fig. 3 shows the results at peak power (t"20 ns). In the anode plasma the electric field is shielded out. The magnetic field produced by the sheet electrons quickly (+5 ns) penetrates into the anode plasma. The E B drift current heats up the electrons in the front layer to about 1 kev, the heat flux back into the plasma is strongly inhibited by the generated magnetic field of about 5 T. These high electron temperatures cause the generation of undesired Li ions together with secondary electrons. The Li ions are extracted from the diode at a higher energy compared to the desired Li ions. The density of Li ions in the front layer of the anode plasma stays below 10 cm in this example case. After the power pulse reached its peak value the anode plasma starts expanding towards the cathode. This expansion is pushed by the magnetic field gradient. The dropping potential difference across the gap leads to a dropping extracted ion flux and so to a lower magnetic field produced by the sheet electrons. The dropping magnetic field induced an electric field in y-direction, which in turn enhances the magnetic field at the anode compared to the cathode. The extracted total ion flux density as a function of time reaches a peak value of 0.6 ka/cm. We found that the ion flux performs strong oscillations
5 O. Boine-Frankenheim et al./nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 415 (1998) Fig. 3. Results for t"20 ns (peak power). Li ions (i), Li ions (i2), primary electrons (e), secondary electrons (se). For the electrons the velocity in y-direction is shown and the velocity in x-direction for the other fluids. Simulation parameters: ω t 10, ω t 1.0, ν t 0.2. in time around the mean value due to space charge oscillations in the ion diode. 4. Conclusion Our code DYNAID is already a powerful new tool to study the dynamics of plasmas in applied-b ion diodes. Within DYNAID we can study the performance of the anode source plasma creation and we can follow the time evolution of the anode plasma in the applied electromagnetic fields. An important example is the simulation of the heating of the electron component of the anode plasma due to the applied fields. Further development will concentrate on a two-dimensional version of the code, with possible applications also in other fields where laboratory plasmas with density and/or temperature variations of several orders of magnitude are of importance. Examples are, for instance, ion sources for particle accelerators, ion beam transport in gases or fast igniter studies. Acknowledgements O.B.F. was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Part of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL References [1] T.D. Pointon, O. Boine-Frankenheim, T.A. Mehlhorn, Proc. 13th Conf. on Laser Interaction and related Plasma Phenomena, Monterey, April 1997, AIP Conference Proceedings 406 (1997) 67. [2] A.B. Filuk, T.A. Mehlhorn et. al., in: J. Coutant (Ed.), Proc. IAEA Technical Committee on Drivers for Inertial Confinement Fusion, IAEA, Paris, 1995, p [3] M.E. Cuneo et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 25 (1997) 229. [4] M.P. Desjarlais, Phys. Fluids B 1 (1989) [5] P.W. Rambo, J. Denavit, J. Comput. Phys. 98 (1992) 317. [6] M.R. Gibbons, D.W. Hewett, J. Comput. Phys. 120 (1995) 231. [7] M.S. Benilov, Phys. Plasmas 4 (1997) 521. [8] T.A. Peyser et al., Phys. Fluids 4 (1992) [9] S.A. Slutz, J. Appl. Phys. 61 (1986) 1288.
Integrated Modeling of Fast Ignition Experiments
Integrated Modeling of Fast Ignition Experiments Presented to: 9th International Fast Ignition Workshop Cambridge, MA November 3-5, 2006 R. P. J. Town AX-Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
More informationco d L Cj6oYa3 - - I THE ROLE OF ANODE AND CATHODE PLASMAS IN HIGH POWER 'r ION DIODE PERFORMANCE 1. INTRODUCTION
F co d L Cj6oYa3 - - I THE ROLE OF ANODE AND CATHODE PLASMAS IN HIGH POWER 'r ION DIODE PERFORMANCE TA Mehlhorn', JE Bailey', MA Bernard', A Carlson', ME Cuneo', MP Desjarlais', AB Filuk', WE Fowler',
More informationLarge Plasma Device (LAPD)
Large Plasma Device (LAPD) Over 450 Access ports Computer Controlled Data Acquisition Microwave Interferometers Laser Induced Fluorescence DC Magnetic Field: 0.05-4 kg, variable on axis Highly Ionized
More informationTo be published: Proc: 12h Int. Con$ on High Power Particle Beams, Haifa, Israel, (1998). In
To be published: Proc: 2h nt Con$ on High Power Particle Beams Haifa srael (998) sf)p & - y p j y63;; n r /: 54m--qb-l34rlc The Prospect for Fusion Energy with Light ons C O N F - 78060 3-- TA Mehlhorn
More informationMonoenergetic Proton Beams from Laser Driven Shocks
Monoenergetic Proton Beams from Laser Driven Shocks Dan Haberberger, Department of Electrical Engineering, UCLA In collaboration with: Sergei Tochitsky, Chao Gong, Warren Mori, Chan Joshi, Department of
More informationImportant processes in modeling and optimization of EUV lithography sources
Important processes in modeling and optimization of UV lithography sources T. Sizyuk and A. Hassanein Center for Materials under xtreme nvironment, School of Nuclear ngineering Purdue University, West
More informationLaser matter interaction
Laser matter interaction PH413 Lasers & Photonics Lecture 26 Why study laser matter interaction? Fundamental physics Chemical analysis Material processing Biomedical applications Deposition of novel structures
More informationPIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma
PIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma Kallol Bera a, Shahid Rauf a and Ken Collins a a Applied Materials, Inc. 974 E. Arques Ave., M/S 81517, Sunnyvale, CA 9485, USA
More informationPIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma
PIC-MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O 2 Plasma Kallol Bera a, Shahid Rauf a and Ken Collins a a Applied Materials, Inc. 974 E. Arques Ave., M/S 81517, Sunnyvale, CA 9485, USA
More informationTutorial: simulating a rod pinch diode for pulsed radiography with Trak and GamBet
Tutorial: simulating a rod pinch diode for pulsed radiography with Trak and GamBet Stanley Humphries, Copyright 2012 Field Precision PO Box 13595, Albuquerque, NM 87192 U.S.A. Telephone: +1-505-220-3975
More informationLecture 5. Laser absorption and energy transfer in plasmas. Dr. Ashutosh Sharma
Preparation of the concerned sectors for educational and R&D activities related to the Hungarian ELI project Ion acceleration in plasmas Lecture 5. Laser absorption and energy transfer in plasmas Dr. Ashutosh
More informationElectron-Acoustic Wave in a Plasma
Electron-Acoustic Wave in a Plasma 0 (uniform ion distribution) For small fluctuations, n ~ e /n 0
More informationMODELING OF AN ECR SOURCE FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING USING A TWO DIMENSIONAL HYBRID PLASMA EQUIPMENT MODEL. Ron L. Kinder and Mark J.
TECHCON 98 Las Vegas, Nevada September 9-11, 1998 MODELING OF AN ECR SOURCE FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING USING A TWO DIMENSIONAL HYBRID PLASMA EQUIPMENT MODEL Ron L. Kinder and Mark J. Kushner Department of
More informationBreakdown limit studies in high-rate gaseous detectors
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 422 (1999) 300 304 Breakdown limit studies in high-rate gaseous detectors Yu. Ivaniouchenkov, P. Fonte, V. Peskov *, B.D. Ramsey LIP, Coimbra University,
More informationStudy of Laser Plasma Interactions Using an Eulerian Vlasov Code
PSFC/JA-04-6 Study of Laser Plasma Interactions Using an Eulerian Vlasov Code D. J. Strozzi, M. M. Shoucri*, and A. Bers March 2004 Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology
More informationComparison of hollow cathode and Penning discharges for metastable He production
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 11 (2002) 426 430 Comparison of hollow cathode and Penning discharges for metastable He production PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PII:
More informationMultiple charge states of titanium ions in laser produced plasma
PRAMANA cfl Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 55, Nos 5 & 6 journal of Nov. & Dec. 2000 physics pp. 781 787 Multiple charge states of titanium ions in laser produced plasma M SHUKLA, S BANDHYOPADHYAY, V
More informationCharacteristics and classification of plasmas
Characteristics and classification of plasmas PlasTEP trainings course and Summer school 2011 Warsaw/Szczecin Indrek Jõgi, University of Tartu Partfinanced by the European Union (European Regional Development
More informationKINETIC DESCRIPTION OF MAGNETIZED TECHNOLOGICAL PLASMAS
KINETIC DESCRIPTION OF MAGNETIZED TECHNOLOGICAL PLASMAS Ralf Peter Brinkmann, Dennis Krüger Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Elektrotechnik Magnetized low
More informationExperimental Studies in a Gas Embedded Z-pinch Operating at Mega Amperes Currents
1 IC/P7-2 Experimental Studies in a Gas Embedded Z-pinch Operating at Mega Amperes Currents L. Soto 1), C. Pavez 2), J. Moreno 1), P. Silva 1), M. Zambra 1), G. Sylvester 1) 1) Comisión Chilena de Energía
More informationMy view on the vapor shielding issues
My view on the vapor shielding issues Sergei Krasheninnikov University of California San Diego, USA Consultancy Meeting on Atomic Data for Vapour Shielding in Fusion Devices IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 19-20
More informationFluctuation Suppression during the ECH Induced Potential Formation in the Tandem Mirror GAMMA 10
EXC/P8-2 Fluctuation Suppression during the ECH Induced Potential Formation in the Tandem Mirror GAMMA M. Yoshikawa ), Y. Miyata ), M. Mizuguchi ), Y. Oono ), F. Yaguchi ), M. Ichimura ), T. Imai ), T.
More informationFigure 1: The current target chamber and beam diagnostic station for the NDCX-I beamline will be used during commissioning of NDCX-II in 2012
Progress in U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Research* IAEA-10 IFE/P6-06 B G Logan, J J Barnard, F M Bieniosek, R H Cohen, R C Davidson, P C Efthimion, A Friedman, E P Gilson, L R Grisham, D P Grote, E Henestroza,
More informationHeavy ion fusion energy program in Russia
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 464 (2001) 1 5 Heavy ion fusion energy program in Russia B.Yu. Sharkov*, N.N. Alexeev, M.D. Churazov, A.A. Golubev, D.G. Koshkarev, P.R. Zenkevich
More informationFast Z-Pinch Experiments at the Kurchatov Institute Aimed at the Inertial Fusion Energy
1 Fast Z-Pinch Experiments at the Kurchatov Institute Aimed at the Inertial Fusion Energy A. Kingsep 1), S.Anan ev 1), Yu. Bakshaev 1), A. Bartov 1), P. Blinov 1), A. Chernenko 1), S. Danko 1), Yu. Kalinin
More informationUltrafast X-Ray-Matter Interaction and Damage of Inorganic Solids October 10, 2008
Ultrafast X-Ray-Matter Interaction and Damage of Inorganic Solids October 10, 2008 Richard London rlondon@llnl.gov Workshop on Interaction of Free Electron Laser Radiation with Matter Hamburg This work
More informationDense plasma formation on the surface of a ferroelectric cathode
Vacuum ] (]]]]) ]]] ]]] www.elsevier.com/locate/vacuum Dense plasma formation on the surface of a ferroelectric cathode K. Chirko, Ya.E. Krasik, A. Sayapin, J. Felsteiner Physics Department, Technion Israel
More informationPhysics of ion beam pulse neutralization by background plasma
Physics of ion beam pulse neutralization by background plasma I.D. Kaganovich, A. B. Sefkow, E. A. Startsev, R. C. Davidson Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, USA D R. Welch Voss Scientific, USA Effects
More informationNeutral beam plasma heating
Seminar I b 1 st year, 2 nd cycle program Neutral beam plasma heating Author: Gabrijela Ikovic Advisor: prof.dr. Tomaž Gyergyek Ljubljana, May 2014 Abstract For plasma to be ignited, external heating is
More informationECR ION SOURCES : A BRIEF HISTORY AND LOOK INTO THE NEXT GENERATION
ECR ION SOURCES : A BRIEF HISTORY AND LOOK INTO THE NEXT GENERATION T. Nakagawa, Nishina center for accelerator based science, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Abstract In the last three
More informationFast proton bunch generation in the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses with high-density plasmas
Fast proton bunch generation in the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses with high-density plasmas T.Okada, Y.Mikado and A.Abudurexiti Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo -5, Japan
More informationElectron temperature is the temperature that describes, through Maxwell's law, the kinetic energy distribution of the free electrons.
10.3.1.1 Excitation and radiation of spectra 10.3.1.1.1 Plasmas A plasma of the type occurring in spectrochemical radiation sources may be described as a gas which is at least partly ionized and contains
More informationEnergetic neutral and negative ion beams accelerated from spray target irradiated with ultra-short, intense laser pulses
Energetic neutral and negative ion beams accelerated from spray target irradiated with ultra-short, intense laser pulses Sargis Ter-Avetisyan ELI - Extreme Light Infrastructure Science and Technology with
More informationEUV lithography and Source Technology
EUV lithography and Source Technology History and Present Akira Endo Hilase Project 22. September 2017 EXTATIC, Prague Optical wavelength and EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) VIS 13.5nm 92eV Characteristics of
More informationDiffusion during Plasma Formation
Chapter 6 Diffusion during Plasma Formation Interesting processes occur in the plasma formation stage of the Basil discharge. This early stage has particular interest because the highest plasma densities
More informationIon Induced Beam disruption Mechanism
Ion Induced Beam disruption Mechanism C. Vermare CEA, Polygone d Expérimentation de Moronvilliers, France H. Davis, D.C. Moir, R. Olson Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA T. Hughes Mission Research
More informationCesium Dynamics and H - Density in the Extended Boundary Layer of Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources for Fusion
Cesium Dynamics and H - Density in the Extended Boundary Layer of Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources for Fusion C. Wimmer a, U. Fantz a,b and the NNBI-Team a a Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM
More informationA Multi-beamlet Injector for Heavy Ion Fusion: Experiments and Modeling
A Multi-beamlet Injector for Heavy Ion Fusion: Experiments and Modeling G.A. Westenskow, D.P. Grote; LLNL J.W. Kwan, F. Bieniosek; LBNL PAC07 - FRYAB01 Albuquerque, New Mexico June 29, 2007 This work has
More informationγmy =F=-2πn α e 2 y or y +ω β2 y=0 (1)
Relativistic Weibel Instability Notes from a tutorial at the UCLA Winter School, January 11, 2008 Tom Katsouleas USC Viterbi School of Engineering, LA, CA 90089-0271 Motivation: Weibel instability of relativistic
More informationTurbulence and Transport The Secrets of Magnetic Confinement
Turbulence and Transport The Secrets of Magnetic Confinement Presented by Martin Greenwald MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center IAP January 2005 FUSION REACTIONS POWER THE STARS AND PRODUCE THE ELEMENTS
More informationTitle Surface Interaction under Oblique Intense. Author(s) Ruhl, H.; Sentoku, Y.; Mima, K.; Ta. Citation Physical Review Letters. 82(4) P.
Title Collimated Electron Jets by Surface Interaction under Oblique Intense I Author(s) Ruhl, H.; Sentoku, Y.; Mima, K.; Ta Citation Physical Review Letters. 82(4) P.74 Issue 1999-01-25 Date Text Version
More informationSimulation of Chamber Transport for Heavy-Ion Fusion
Simulation of Chamber Transport for Heavy-Ion Fusion W. M. Sharp 1), D. A. Callahan 1), M. Tabak 1), S. S. Yu 2), P. F. Peterson 3), D. V. Rose 4), D. R. Welch 4), R. C. Davidson 5), I. D. Kaganovich 5),
More informationGA A22443 STUDY OF H MODE THRESHOLD CONDITIONS IN DIII D
GA A443 STUDY OF H MODE THRESHOLD CONDITIONS IN DIII D by R.J. GROEBNER, T.N. CARLSTROM, K.H. BURRELL, S. CODA, E.J. DOYLE, P. GOHIL, K.W. KIM, Q. PENG, R. MAINGI, R.A. MOYER, C.L. RETTIG, T.L. RHODES,
More informationTheory of Gas Discharge
Boris M. Smirnov Theory of Gas Discharge Plasma l Springer Contents 1 Introduction 1 Part I Processes in Gas Discharge Plasma 2 Properties of Gas Discharge Plasma 13 2.1 Equilibria and Distributions of
More informationModélisation de sources plasma froid magnétisé
Modélisation de sources plasma froid magnétisé Gerjan Hagelaar Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasma & Hors Equilibre (GREPHE) Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d Énergie (LAPLACE) Université Paul Sabatier,
More informationLecture 6: High Voltage Gas Switches
Lecture 6: High Voltage Gas Switches Switching is a central problem in high voltage pulse generation. We need fast switches to generate pulses, but in our case, they must also hold off high voltages before
More informationPlasma Physics Prof. Vijayshri School of Sciences, IGNOU. Lecture No. # 38 Diffusion in Plasmas
Plasma Physics Prof. Vijayshri School of Sciences, IGNOU Lecture No. # 38 Diffusion in Plasmas In today s lecture, we will be taking up the topic diffusion in plasmas. Diffusion, why do you need to study
More informationRelativistic Electron Heating in Focused Multimode Laser Fields with Stochastic Phase Purturbations
1 Relativistic Electron Heating in Focused Multimode Laser Fields with Stochastic Phase Purturbations Yu.A.Mikhailov, L.A.Nikitina, G.V.Sklizkov, A.N.Starodub, M.A.Zhurovich P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute,
More informationAnalysis, simulation, and experimental studies of YAG and CO 2 laserproduced plasma for EUV lithography sources
Analysis, simulation, and experimental studies of YAG and CO 2 laserproduced plasma for EUV lithography sources A. Hassanein, V. Sizyuk, S.S. Harilal, and T. Sizyuk School of Nuclear Engineering and Center
More informationA note on the plasma sheath and the Bohm Criterion
A note on the plasma sheath and the Bohm Criterion G.D. Severn Dept. of Physics, University of San Diego, San Diego CA 92110 (Dated: April 6, 2006) PACS numbers: 52.27.Aj, 52.27.Cm The word sheath in connection
More informationThermodynamic evolution of phase explosion during high-power nanosecond laser ablation
Thermodynamic evolution of phase explosion during high-power nanosecond laser ablation Quanming Lu* School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
More informationLecture 15: Optoelectronic devices: Introduction
Lecture 15: Optoelectronic devices: Introduction Contents 1 Optical absorption 1 1.1 Absorption coefficient....................... 2 2 Optical recombination 5 3 Recombination and carrier lifetime 6 3.1
More informationHuashun Zhang. Ion Sources. With 187 Figures and 26 Tables Э SCIENCE PRESS. Springer
Huashun Zhang Ion Sources With 187 Figures and 26 Tables Э SCIENCE PRESS Springer XI Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Major Applications and Requirements 1 1.2 Performances and Research Subjects 1 1.3 Historical
More informationAblation Dynamics of Tin Micro-Droplet Target for LPP-based EUV light Source
1 Ablation Dynamics of Tin Micro-Droplet Target for LPP-based EUV light Source D. Nakamura, T. Akiyama, K. Tamaru, A. Takahashi* and T. Okada Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering,
More informationSelf-consistent modeling of ITER with BALDUR integrated predictive modeling code
Self-consistent modeling of ITER with BALDUR integrated predictive modeling code Thawatchai Onjun Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12121,
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PLASMA DISCHARGES AND MATERIALS PROCESSING
PRINCIPLES OF PLASMA DISCHARGES AND MATERIALS PROCESSING Second Edition MICHAEL A. LIEBERMAN ALLAN J, LICHTENBERG WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC PUBLICATION CONTENTS PREFACE xrrii PREFACE
More informationChapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter
Chapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter 1 Content of the chapter Introduction Interaction processes Interaction cross sections Moderation and neutrons path For more details see «Physique des Réacteurs
More informationIon Implanter Cyclotron Apparatus System
Ion Implanter Cyclotron Apparatus System A. Latuszyñski, K. Pyszniak, A. DroŸdziel, D. M¹czka Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin, Poland Abstract In this paper the authors
More informationFundamentals of Plasma Physics
Fundamentals of Plasma Physics Definition of Plasma: A gas with an ionized fraction (n i + + e ). Depending on density, E and B fields, there can be many regimes. Collisions and the Mean Free Path (mfp)
More informationPlasma shielding during ITER disruptions
Plasma shielding during ITER disruptions Sergey Pestchanyi and Richard Pitts 1 Integrated tokamak code TOKES is a workshop with various tools objects Radiation bremsstrahlung recombination s line s cyclotron
More informationNeutron Sources Fall, 2017 Kyoung-Jae Chung Department of Nuclear Engineering Seoul National University
Neutron Sources Fall, 2017 Kyoung-Jae Chung Department of Nuclear Engineering Seoul National University Neutrons: discovery In 1920, Rutherford postulated that there were neutral, massive particles in
More informationDepartment of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
1 MAGNETIZED DIRECT CURRENT MICRODISCHARGE, I: EFFECT OF THE GAS PRESSURE Dmitry Levko and Laxminarayan L. Raja Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at
More informationAnalysis of recombination and relaxation of non-equilibrium air plasma generated by short time energetic electron and photon beams
22 nd International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry July 5-10, 2015; Antwerp, Belgium Analysis of recombination and relaxation of non-equilibrium air plasma generated by short time energetic electron and
More informationProgress in Vlasov-Fokker- Planck simulations of laserplasma
Progress in Vlasov-Fokker- Planck simulations of laserplasma interactions C. P. Ridgers, M. W. Sherlock, R. J. Kingham, A.Thomas, R. Evans Imperial College London Outline Part 1 simulations of long-pulse
More informationSawtooth mixing of alphas, knock on D, T ions and its influence on NPA spectra in ITER plasma
Sawtooth mixing of alphas, knock on D, T ions and its influence on NPA spectra in ITER plasma F.S. Zaitsev 1, 4, N.N. Gorelenkov 2, M.P. Petrov 3, V.I. Afanasyev 3, M.I. Mironov 3 1 Scientific Research
More informationProgress of Confinement Physics Study in Compact Helical System
1st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference Chengdu, China, 16-1 October, 6 IAEA-CN-149/ EX/5-5Rb Progress of Confinement Physics Study in Compact Helical System S. Okamura et al. NIFS-839 Oct. 6 1 EX/5-5Rb Progress
More informationD-D FUSION NEUTRONS FROM A STRONG SPHERICAL SHOCK WAVE FOCUSED ON A DEUTERIUM BUBBLE IN WATER. Dr. Michel Laberge General Fusion Inc.
D-D FUSION NEUTRONS FROM A STRONG SPHERICAL SHOCK WAVE FOCUSED ON A DEUTERIUM BUBBLE IN WATER Dr. Michel Laberge General Fusion Inc. SONOFUSION Sonofusion is making some noise A bit short in energy, ~mj
More informationPIC simulations of laser interactions with solid targets
PIC simulations of laser interactions with solid targets J. Limpouch, O. Klimo Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, Praha 1, Czech Republic
More informationIon Acceleration from the Interaction of Ultra-Intense Laser Pulse with a Thin Foil
Ion Acceleration from the Interaction of Ultra-Intense Laser Pulse with a Thin Foil Matthew Allen Department of Nuclear Engineering UC Berkeley mallen@nuc.berkeley.edu March 15, 2004 8th Nuclear Energy
More informationPIC/MCC Simulation of Radio Frequency Hollow Cathode Discharge in Nitrogen
PIC/MCC Simulation of Radio Frequency Hollow Cathode Discharge in Nitrogen HAN Qing ( ), WANG Jing ( ), ZHANG Lianzhu ( ) College of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Hebei Normal University,
More informationDependency of Gabor Lens Focusing Characteristics on Nonneutral Plasma Properties
Dependency of Gabor Lens Focusing Characteristics on Nonneutral Plasma Properties Kathrin Schulte HIC for FAIR Workshop Riezlern, 14.03.2013 Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 1.1. Relevant to know about Gabor lenses...or
More informationBeam diagnostics: Alignment of the beam to prevent for activation. Accelerator physics: using these sensitive particle detectors.
Beam Loss Monitors When energetic beam particles penetrates matter, secondary particles are emitted: this can be e, γ, protons, neutrons, excited nuclei, fragmented nuclei... Spontaneous radiation and
More informationin the pinch. This paper describes the computer modeling behind the shielding design of a
Modeling a 1-D Bremsstrahlung and Neutron maging Array For Use On Sandia s 2 Machine GA Rochau, MS Derzon, D Fehl, GE Rochau Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87 185-1 196 S Lazier, Ktech
More informationSpeeding up simulations of relativistic systems using an optimal boosted frame
Speeding up simulations of relativistic systems using an optimal boosted frame J.-L. Vay1,3, W.M. Fawley1, C. G. R. Geddes1, E. Cormier-Michel1, D. P. Grote2,3 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA
More informationEnergy Transformations in Z-Pinches
Energy Transformations in Z-Pinches P. Kubeš, J. Kravárik Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic M. Scholz, M. Paduch, K. Tomaszewski, L. Rić Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion,
More informationEEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection
EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection 2. Radiation Detection Dr. Steve Peterson 5.14 RW James Department of Physics University of Cape Town steve.peterson@uct.ac.za May 06, 2015 EEE4106Z :: Radiation
More informationWeibel Instability in a Bi-Maxwellian Laser Fusion Plasma
1 IFP7-23 Weibel Instability in a Bi-Maxwellian Laser Fusion Plasma A. Sid 1), A. Ghezal 2), A. Soudani 3), M. Bekhouche 1) 1) Laboratoire de Physique des Rayonnements et leur interaction avec la Matière
More informationLABORATORY SIMULATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA SHOCKS
LABORATORY SIMULATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA SHOCKS R. PRESURA 1,V.V.IVANOV 1,Y.SENTOKU 1,V.I. SOTNIKOV 1,P.J. LACA 1,N.LE GALLOUDEC 1,A.KEMP 1,R.MANCINI 1,H.RUHL 1, A.L. ASTANOVITSKIY 1,T.E. COWAN 1,T.DITMIRE
More informationEXPERIMENTS CHARACTERIZING THE X-RAY EMISSION FROM A SOLID-STATE CATHODE USING A HIGH-CURRENT GLOW DISCHARGE
EXPERIMENTS CHARACTERIZING THE X-RAY EMISSION FROM A SOLID-STATE CATHODE USING A HIGH-CURRENT GLOW DISCHARGE A.B. KARABUT AND S.A. KOLOMEYCHENKO FSUE SIA LUCH 24 Zheleznodorozhnaja Street, Podolsk, Moscow
More informationAdvances in Plasma Heating and Confinement in the GOL-3 Multiple-Mirror Trap
1 Advances in Plasma Heating and Confinement in the GOL-3 Multiple-Mirror Trap A.V. Burdakov 1), A.V. Arzhannikov 2), V.T. Astrelin 1), V.I. Batkin 1), V.S. Burmasov 1), G.E. Derevyankin 1), V.G. Ivanenko
More informationIonization Injection and Acceleration of Electrons in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator at FACET
Ionization Injection and Acceleration of Electrons in a Plasma Wakefield Accelerator at FACET N. Vafaei-Najafabadi 1, a), C.E. Clayton 1, K.A. Marsh 1, W. An 1, W. Lu 1,, W.B. Mori 1, C. Joshi 1, E. Adli
More informationIntroduction to intense laser-matter interaction
Pohang, 22 Aug. 2013 Introduction to intense laser-matter interaction Chul Min Kim Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) & Center for Relativistic
More informationProton acceleration in thin foils with micro-structured surface
Proton acceleration in thin foils with micro-structured surface J. Pšikal*, O. Klimo*, J. Limpouch*, J. Proška, F. Novotný, J. Vyskočil Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences
More informationIon acceleration in a gas jet using multi-terawatt CO 2 laser pulses
Ion acceleration in a gas jet using multi-terawatt CO 2 laser pulses Chao Gong, Sergei Tochitsky, Jeremy Pigeon, Dan Haberberger, Chan Joshi Neptune Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, UCLA,
More informationExtremely far from equilibrium: the multiscale dynamics of streamer discharges
Extremely far from equilibrium: the multiscale dynamics of streamer discharges Ute Ebert 1,2 1 Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Amsterdam 2 Eindhoven University of Technology http://www.cwi.nl/~ebert www.cwi.nl/~ebert
More informationSIMULATIONS OF ECR PROCESSING SYSTEMS SUSTAINED BY AZIMUTHAL MICROWAVE TE(0,n) MODES*
25th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science Raleigh, North Carolina June 1-4, 1998 SIMULATIONS OF ECR PROCESSING SYSTEMS SUSTAINED BY AZIMUTHAL MICROWAVE TE(,n) MODES* Ron L. Kinder and Mark J.
More informationFundamentals of Plasma Physics Transport in weakly ionized plasmas
Fundamentals of Plasma Physics Transport in weakly ionized plasmas APPLAuSE Instituto Superior Técnico Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear Luís L Alves (based on Vasco Guerra s original slides) 1 As perguntas
More informationPlasma Spectroscopy Inferences from Line Emission
Plasma Spectroscopy Inferences from Line Emission Ø From line λ, can determine element, ionization state, and energy levels involved Ø From line shape, can determine bulk and thermal velocity and often
More informationCO 2 Laser with 65MW pulses and 100kW power, concept and first steps of development
Invited Paper CO 2 Laser with 65MW pulses and 100kW power, concept and first steps of development D. Schuöcker and B. Holzinger Department of Forming and High Power Laser Technology University of Technology,
More informationThermonuclear Prospects of Modern Mirror Systems
Thermonuclear Prospects of Modern Mirror Systems E.P.Kruglyakov, A.V.Burdakov, A.A.Ivanov, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation e-mail: e.kruglyakov@inp.nsk.su Abstract.
More informationAtomic and Nuclear Physics Review (& other related physics questions)
Atomic and Nuclear Physics Review (& other related physics questions) 1. The minimum electron speed necessary to ionize xenon atoms is A. 2.66 10 31 m/s B. 5.15 10 15 m/s C. 4.25 10 12 m/s D. 2.06 10 6
More informationCollisions and transport phenomena
Collisions and transport phenomena Collisions in partly and fully ionized plasmas Typical collision parameters Conductivity and transport coefficients Conductivity tensor Formation of the ionosphere and
More informationMAGNETIC NOZZLE PLASMA EXHAUST SIMULATION FOR THE VASIMR ADVANCED PROPULSION CONCEPT
MAGNETIC NOZZLE PLASMA EXHAUST SIMULATION FOR THE VASIMR ADVANCED PROPULSION CONCEPT ABSTRACT A. G. Tarditi and J. V. Shebalin Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX
More informationMain Magnetic Focus Ion Trap, new tool for trapping of highly charged ions
V. P. Ovsyannikov a Main Magnetic Focus Ion Trap, new tool for trapping of highly charged ions Hochschulstr. 13, 01069, Dresden, Germany It is proposed to produce the highly charged ions in the local ion
More informationIonization Detectors
Ionization Detectors Basic operation Charged particle passes through a gas (argon, air, ) and ionizes it Electrons and ions are collected by the detector anode and cathode Often there is secondary ionization
More informationDetecting high energy photons. Interactions of photons with matter Properties of detectors (with examples)
Detecting high energy photons Interactions of photons with matter Properties of detectors (with examples) Interactions of high energy photons with matter Cross section/attenution length/optical depth Photoelectric
More informationFast ion physics in the C-2U advanced, beam-driven FRC
Fast ion physics in the C-2U advanced, beam-driven FRC Richard Magee for the TAE Team 216 US-Japan Workshop on the Compact Torus August 23, 216! High β FRC embedded in magnetic mirror is a unique fast
More informationLecture 2. Introduction to plasma physics. Dr. Ashutosh Sharma
Preparation of the concerned sectors for educational and R&D activities related to the Hungarian ELI project Ion acceleration in plasmas Lecture 2. Introduction to plasma physics Dr. Ashutosh Sharma Zoltán
More informationNumerical Simulation of Townsend Discharge, Paschen Breakdown and Dielectric Barrier Discharges Napoleon Leoni, Bhooshan Paradkar
Numerical Simulation of Townsend Discharge, Paschen Breakdown and Dielectric Barrier Discharges Napoleon Leoni, Bhooshan Paradkar HP Laboratories HPL-2009-234 Keyword(s): Townsend Discharge, Paschen Breakdown,
More informationGlobal particle-in-cell simulations of Alfvénic modes
Global particle-in-cell simulations of Alfvénic modes A. Mishchenko, R. Hatzky and A. Könies Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, D-749 Greifswald, Germany Rechenzentrum der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
More information