The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii)
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1 DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kavalergaarden 6, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark. The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord Mette Dalgaard Agersted Supervisor: Torkel Gissel Nielsen mda@aqua.dtu.dk
2 Outline Background who, what, where? Aim Materials and methods Results Summary The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord
3 Where? 3 NASA
4 Krill Euphausiids Large schools patchy Pelagic living Diel vertical migration Photo: Russ Hopcroft 4 The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord
5 The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord Krill in Western Greenland 4 species Thysanoessa raschii T. inermis T. longicaudata Meganyctiphanes norvegica Thysanoessa inermis Thysanoessa raschii Thysanoessa longicaudata wikipedia.org Meganyctiphanes norvegica Pedersen & Smidt 2000 Photos: Russ Hopcroft 5
6 The food web Arctic krill not so well studied compared to Antarktic krill Key role Faecal pellets can sink hundreds of meters a day Phytoplankton Microplankton Copepods Detritus Knowledge is crucial in understanding ecosystem dynamics Photo: Thomas Juul Pedersen Transport of carbon 6
7 Aim To gain knowledge on the functional biology of this species To study the trophic role of krill in the Arctic food web Combination of field work and lab experiments 7 The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord
8 In the field ECOGREEN cruise july/august 2008 Hydrography CTD Biomass data Difference in abundance of krill offshore and inside the fjord? Krill vs. other zooplankton groups Photo: Colin Stedmon 8 The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord
9 Laboratory Capture of krill in the fjord Grazing experiments 1) Prey size spectrum experiment 2) Functional response Photo: Hannes Höffle Photo: Russ Hopcroft 9 The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord
10 Results Hydrography july/august 2008 War m Station Cold Depth (m) Depth (m) Temperature ( C) Distance (km) Depth (m) Chl a (µg L 1 ) Distance (km) Salinity Distance (km) 10
11 Biomass of predators and prey july/aug Agersted et al., in press. Phytoplankton biomass largest near the fjord entrance and inner fjord Heterotrophs dominates in the middle fjord Copepods were the dominating zooplankton group Krill dominates in the inner fjord Biomass (mg C m -3 ) Phytoplankton Protozoans Nauplii Heterotrophs (%) Krill Copepoda Gastropoda Rotifera Krill (%) Krill (% of total) Heterotrophs (% of total prey) Station 11
12 Photo: Russ Hopcroft Prey size spectrum experiment Thysanoessa raschii Foto: Signe Jung Madsen oc.coas.or egonstate. edu /webpage/movie/movie_01_10.js p Clearance rate Foto: Sigrún Jónasdóttir coas.oregons tate.edu/she rrlab/globe C.html Grazing on all organisms from µm Mainly prey >10 µm ogy.wisc.edu/outreach /majorgroups.php Cl (ml mg C -1 d -1 ) Prey> 10 µm clearance = 86 ± 7 SE Prey size class (ESD, µm) Agersted et al., in press.
13 Photo: Russ Hopcroft Functional response Thalassiosira weissflogii Thysanoessa raschii Clearance rate Ingestion rate 80 Cl (ml mg C -1 d -1 ) Thalassiosira weissflogii In situ phytoplankton Max clearance = 62 ± 8 SE I (µg C mg C -1 d -1 ) Daily ratio ~1% µg Chl a L -1 µg Chl a L -1 Model Agersted et al., in press 13
14 Photo: Russ Hopcroft Grazing in the fjord Station Mean temperatur e ± SD ( C) Phytoplankton Protozooplankton Nauplii spp. carbon carbon carbon % grazed d 1 % grazed d 1 % grazed d ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Alle (st. 9 20) 2.4 ± 1.1 Agersted et al., in press. 14
15 The functional biology of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) with focus on its ecological role in a Greenlandic fjord Summary Krill are able to graze on planktonic organisms that covers several trophic levels Krill did not have a significant grazing impact on the plankton populations An insight into the functional biology of T. raschii 15
16 Thank you Acknowledgement: DTU Aqua and University of Copenhagen Greenland Climate Research Centre and Greenland Institute for Natural Resources for use of laboratory facilities KVUG and FNU for funding Bent Vismann, Kristine Engel Arendt and Peter Munk Kam Tang and Thomas Kiørboe Torkel Gissel Nielsen References: Agersted, M. D., Nielsen, T. G., Munk, P., Vismann, B. and Arendt, K. E. (in press). The functional biology and trophic role of krill (Thysanoessa raschii) in a Greenlandic fjord. Marine Biology Boyd CM, Heyraud M, Boyd CN (1984) Feeding of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Journal of Crustacean Biology 14: Pedersen and Smidt (2000). Zooplankton Distribution and Abundance in West Greenland Water, Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 26: mda@aqua.dtu.dk
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