Superconducting Technology for Next Generation (HEP) Accelerators
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1 Superconducting Technology for Next Generation (HEP) Accelerators Lucio Rossi CERN High Luminosity LHC Project Leader AIME-SCMED, Madrid 24 Nov 2016
2 What SC brings to HEP accelerators today L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
3 B dip 8.3 T R dip 3 km L dip 15 m 1232 L tunnel = 27 km 1500 tonnes of top quality SC cables MJ of magnetic energy 1800 Power Converter from 60 A to 24 ka 1800 HTS Leads 11 kw@1.9 K L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
4 LHC ; the largest scientific instrument 27 km, p-p at 7+7 TeV start, 4+4 in x 15 m Twin Dipoles Operational field 8.3 ka (9 T design) HEII cooling, 1.9 K with 3 km circuits (130 tonnes He inventory). Field homogeneity of 10-4, bending strength uniformity better then Field quality control (geometric and SC effects) at L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
5 LHC, cont. 392 Main Quads Two-In-One rated for a peak field of 7 T. About 100 other Two-in-One MQs 32 MQX (low- ) single bore for luminosity (design L= cm -2 s - 1 ), 70 mm apertures, about 8 T peak field, high quality A «zoo» of 7600 «small» Sc magnets (correctors and higher order magnets Total: 9 MJ stored energy (at nominal) Large detector magnets ATLAS toroid 25 m long 1.2 GJ CMS solenois 12 m long 2.5 GJ L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
6 SC Magnets vs Resisitve shape for colliders L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
7 LHC Current Leads: based on HTS J c =12500 A/cm 77 K self field L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
8 RF, Cryogenics 400 MHz Standing wave RF 4 single cell cavities in cryomodule, 2 cryomod per beam. Total 16 cavities. Sputtered niobium design (as LEP) Gradient 5.5 MV/m nominal (8 MV/m available) Nominal 2MV, up to 3 MV at 8 MV/m Cryo : 8 x 18 kw@4.5k L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
9 The harvest of LHC Run : 0.04 fb -1 7 TeV CoM Commissioning 2011: 6.1 fb -1 7 TeV CoM exploring limits 2012: 23.3 fb -1 8 TeV CoM production L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
10 And immediate Award for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
11 Machine performance better than expected L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
12 Availability L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
13 Fault Analysis: SC and cryo do very well! L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
14 And then? L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
15 The HL-LHC project A peak luminosity of L peak = cm -2 s -1 with levelling, allowing: An integrated luminosity of 250 fb -1 per year, enabling the goal of L int = 3000 fb -1 ten times the luminosity of the LHC. Ultimate L peak ult cm -2 s -1 and Integrated L int ult 4000 fb -1 Technical limits to lumi increase (Machine & Experiments) L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
16 L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
17 HiLumi & Collaborations: the long route Beyond FP7: CEA, INFN. UK CIEMAT, Uppsala Canada/Triumf? China/IHEP? Russia/BINP? L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
18 HL-LHC Technical infrastr. on surface - Point 5 SU Ventilation units SU chillers & pumping stations SD He refrigerator SF cooling towers SHM Helium compressor station Access system L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
19 HL-LHC underground structures - Point 1 UA13 UL13 UPR13 P1 (ATLAS) UR15 - Minimum distance of ~ 15 m between HL-LHC and experiment structures ~ 7 m between HL-LHC galleries and LHC tunnel (reduction of radiation & deformation impacts) PM17 UA17 UL17 US17 UW17 UPR17 L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
![85 mm RRP Value Quantity [km] 73.](/docs-images/95/125155501/images/20-3.jpg "83 n billets 9 Layout 108 Average I c, RMS [A] 720.1, 22.")
![4 I c spec [A] 632 Average RRR, RMS 290, 51.](/docs-images/95/125155501/images/20-4.jpg "4 RRR spec 150 Average J c, RMS [A/mm 2 ] 2760, 85.")
20 FIRST: SC developments Smaller Filament Size US CDP and LARP Bruker devel. for Hilumi 0.85 mm RRP Value Quantity [km] n billets 9 Layout 108 Average I c, RMS [A] 720.1, 22.4 I c spec [A] 632 Average RRR, RMS 290, 51.4 RRR spec 150 Average J c, RMS [A/mm 2 ] 2760, 85.0 Average B c2, RMS [T] 25.6, 0.45 L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
21 Then: Magnet development with a precise (viable) goal. Plot from 2011 L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
22 The HiLumi IR Magnet zoo Nb 3 Sn L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
23 The upgrade backbone: Nb3Sn quadrupole technology for HiLumi L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
24 Need large infrastructure (reaction oven 10 m) L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
25 Φ 570 mm 11T Dipole for HiLumi LHC Design features LMBHB Collar Removable pole Loading plate Filler wedge Stress relief Inner layer (four blocks) Outer layer (two blocks) Collaring key 11T dipole cryo-assembly 11T dipole cold mass assembly Like the LHC main dipole, the 11 T dipole has a two-in-one structure Cold mass length: m, weight 8 t, magnetic length = m A pair of MBH will produce the same integrated field as the MB, 119 T m at ka Φ 60 mm Shrinking cylinder Bus bars Heat exchanger pipe Central lamination Yoke lamination Cold bore tube N-line Yoke shim Support pad L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
26 11 T dipole technology L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
27 Excelent results of MQXF quad : 13 T! and also the model of 11 T went beyond 12 T 13 T! L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
28 SC Links for Magnet Cold Powering ext 65 mm Mass 11 kg/m Length 100 m 4 18 ka ka ka 38 Units ka L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
29 Critical current (A) Some project highlights 20 m - 20 ka 24 K successful test in 2015 Six cryostats 60 m long specified and ordered from industry (three at CERN) 80 km MgB 2 wire delivered 200 km MgB 2 wire ordered Spec Spec Spec Sample number 29 billets More than 500 samples measured Unit lengths above 500 m Started cabling of MgB 2 wire in industry L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
30 Manipulation of beam at 10 fs level Crab Cavities RF crab cavity deflects head and tail in opposite direction so that collision is effectively head on and then luminosity is maximized Crab cavity maximzes the lumi and can be used also for lumimosity levelling: if the lumi is too high, initially you don t use it, so lumi is reduced by the geometrical factor. Then they are slowly turned on to compensate the proton burning L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
31 Prototype Cryomodules Vertical crossing for ATLAS, first one to go to SPS 2018 Atm Pressure ~10 7 mbar mbar Horizontal crossing for CMS Cavities starting K 2K 80K 2K 300K 2K L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
32 Shape of (compact) Crab Cavities DQW RFD Bulk Nb cavities, Dipolar symmetry V T = 3.4 MV (E p, B p 40 MV/m, 70 mt) Stored energy ~ J CERN : DQW 10 cavity, 5 Cryomodules US AUP : RFD 10 cavities, 5 Cryomod. L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
33 The Inner Triplet region with in-kinds Connection to LHC (UL) Service gallery (UR) SC Links DFX D1 CP Q3 Q2b Q2a Q1 TAXS DFM L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
34 The MS region with in-kinds UA gallery Service cavern (BBLR) Q4 Crab cavities D2 Collimators TAXN L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
35 CERN timeline construction LEP physics upgrade Design R&D prototyping LHC construction physics Design R&D prototyping HL-LHC construction physics Design R&D FCC prototyping construction physics L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
36 The FCC playground Geneva PS LHC SPS LHC 27 km, 8.33 T 14 TeV (c.o.m.) 1300 tons NbTi HE-LHC 27 km, 20 T 33 TeV (c.o.m.) 3000 tons LTS 700 tons HTS FCC-hh 80 km, 20 T 100 TeV (c.o.m.) 9000 tons LTS 2000 tons HTS FCC-hh 100 km, 16 T 100 TeV (c.o.m.) 6000 tons Nb 3 Sn 3000 tons Nb-Ti L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
37 In small coils the 13 T barrier is yielding! LBNL HD1 Magnets with bore CERN RMC L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
38 Magnet design for 16 T P. McIntyre, 2005 E. Todesco 2013 D. Schoerling 2015 Blocks Cos-q J.M. Van Oort, R. Scanlan, 1994 Common coils Canted Cos-q R. Gupta, 1997 E. Todesco, 2013 GL. Sabbi, 2014 S. Caspi, 2014 L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
39 And the 20 T? 20 T for HE-LHC A 24 T LHC Tripler E. Todesco, L. Rossi (CERN) P. McIntyre (TAMU) Stress management Nb 3 Sn All options are based on an LTS winding (outsert), and an HTS field booster (insert) HTS Cost optimized, graded winding Nb-Ti L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
40 HTS is coming! Maget test in spring 2017 : hope for > 5 T 6 T HTS (YBCO) insert for test in FReSCa2 (no bore) 5 T HTS (YBCO) stand-alone dipole for test in FReSCa2 (40 mm bore) L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
41 Synchrotron radiation/beam screen Internal coating with SC to lessen impedance High synchrotron radiation load (SR) of 50 TeV: ~30 W/m/beam (@16 T) 5 MW total in arcs (LHC <0.2W/m) New type of ante-chamber - absorption of synchrotron radiation - avoids photo-electrons, helps vacuum Taking into account overall cryogenic efficiency and power consumption of the accelerator, the synchrotron radiation has to be absorbed at 50 K Copper coating as in the LHC Collaborfation CERN with TU Vienna SPIN Genova ICMAB-CSIC - Spain L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
42 Conclusions Accelerators remain a driver for SC technology SC requires (long) R&D and perseverance Cryogenics technology, even at 1.9 K remains expensive but is something we can master reasonably well, and availability is great The collaboration among laboratories and between research institutes and Industry is critical for TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT We have industry at CERN for the HiLumi Magnet R&D and then to subcontract to Industry even the small mini.-series for Hilumi, for preparing the ground for future FCC/HE-LHC L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
43 Thanks to many colleagues: E. Todesco, F. Savary (HiLumi Magnets) A. Ballarino (SC links, CLs) R. Calaga (Craab Cavity) L. Tavian (Tech. Infrasturcture) L. Bottura (FCC magnets) L. AIME- Madrid 24 Nov
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