PUBLICATION. Thermal Design of an Nb3Sn High Field Accelerator Magnet
|
|
- Bertram Norris
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EuCARD-CON European Coordination for Accelerator Research and Development PUBLICATION Thermal Design of an Nb3Sn High Field Accelerator Magnet Pietrowicz, S (CEA-irfu, on leave from Wroclaw University of Technology) et al 22 May 2012 The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project EuCARD, grant agreement no This work is part of EuCARD Work Package 7: Super-conducting High Field Magnets for higher luminosities and energies. The electronic version of this EuCARD Publication is available via the EuCARD web site < or on the CERN Document Server at the following URL : < EuCARD-CON
2 THERMAL DESIGN OF AN Nb 3 Sn HIGH FIELD ACCELERATOR MAGNET S. Pietrowicz and B. Baudouy CEA, Irfu/SACM, F Gif-sur-Yvette, France ABSTRACT Within the framework of the European project EuCARD, a Nb 3 Sn high field accelerator magnet is under design to serve as a test bed for future high field magnets and to upgrade the vertical CERN cable test facility, Fresca. The Fresca 2 block coil type magnet will be operated at 1.9 K or 4.2 K and is designed to produce about 13 T. A 2D numerical thermal model was developed to determinate the temperature margin of the coil in working conditions and the appropriate cool-down scenario. The temperature margin, which is T marge =5.8 K at 1.9 K and T marge =3.5 K at 4.2 K, was investigated in steady state condition with the AC losses due to field ramp rate as input heat generation. Several cool-down scenarios were examined in order to minimize the temperature difference and therefore reducing the mechanical constraints within the structure. The paper presents the numerical model, the assumptions taken for the calculations and several results of the simulation for the cool-down and temperature distributions due to several cases of heat loads. KEYWORDS: Thermal modeling, Nb 3 Sn magnet, cool-down scenarios INTRODUCTION The High Field Magnet project, within the European project EuCARD, aims at constructing a Nb 3 Sn high field accelerator magnet, Fresca 2, to serve as a test bed for future high field magnets and to upgrade the vertical CERN cable test facility [1-2]. The Fresca 2 magnet is based on a block coil magnetic configuration with a 100 mm diameter free aperture and total length of 1600 mm. The view of the cross and horizontal sections are shown in FIGURE 1a and FIGURE 1b respectively [3]. The inner part of the magnet is inserted in an aluminum Al 2014 T6 shrinking cylinder having an outside diameter of 1030 mm and a thickness of 65 mm.
3 shrinking cylinder a) b) yoke free aperture pancakes vertical pad horizontal pad FIGURE 1. (1a) The cross section and (1b) horizontal section of Fresca 2 magnet [3]. The yoke, which has direct contact with the shrinking cylinder, is essentially made of Magnetil (LHC Iron). The superconducting coil of the magnet is structurally linked with the yoke through 304 stainless steel vertical and horizontal keys. Each Nb 3 Sn conductor has a bare dimension of 21.4 x 1.82 mm 2 and is surrounded by 0.2 mm thick electrical insulation (FIGURE 2). The total number of conductors is 156 in one pole. To meet the required magnetic field the superconducting cables are located in two double-pancakes [3]. The first double-pancake (blocks no. 1 and no. 2) consists of 72 (2 36) conductors, the second (block no. 3 and 4) consists of 84 conductors (2 42). All the blocks are separated from each other by a G10 layer insulation. More description about the Fresca 2 magnet can be found in [3]. STEADY STATE THERMAL MODELING Physical model and assumptions Because the kernel of the solver uses a finite volume method, the numerical model applied during calculation is based on the standard three dimensional heat conduction equation with internal heat sources and is described by the following equation, ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) (1) but in this paper the results are produced for the 2D cross section. k(t) is the thermal conductivity of materials as a function of temperature and is the heat source distribution. For simplification, the model does not include helium. Therefore we consider only conduction in the model. The contacts between solid elements are assumed to be perfect, i.e. there is continuity in heat flux and temperature between material domains. The thermal conductivity of materials is a function of temperature and their values are taken from the literature and cryogenics data base [4-7]. During the calculations two variants of the heat load distribution in the conductors are taken into consideration. One variant considered the heat load distributed homogenously in the conductors with the total values of dissipated power of 1 W, 5 W and 10 W, as specified in [8]. The second one assumed that the heat load in each conductor is generated in the magnet by AC losses. The calculations were
4 done with a cross contact resistance R c of 0.5 μω, an adjacent resistance R a of 0.5 μω and a ramp-rate of T/s [9]. The total dissipated power is 0.2 W in the whole coil. Boundary conditions and meshing Due to the symmetrical location of the conductors, the calculations domain can be reduced to a quarter of magnet (FIGURE 2). Two sets of calculations were performed for each heat load, one for the base temperature of 1.9 K and one at 4.2 K. For each temperature two types of boundary conditions are applied. The first condition is an imposed constant temperature (1.9 K or 4.2 K) at the boundaries (dot lines in FIGURE 2) simulating a direct contact between liquid helium and the magnet parts. The second boundary is symmetry and is applied to the other parts (the line with triangles in FIGURE 2). The calculation region was divided into 19 domains and meshed in ANSYS ICEM Software with the total numbers of nodes and elements [10]. The example of the central part mesh with conductors, insulations and G10 layers and explanation of blocks configuration is shown in FIGURE 2. T emperature evolution Symmetry conductor insulation Block 4 Block Block 2 Block G10 layer FIGURE 2. Quarter of magnet considered during calculations with boundary conditions, details of structural mesh applied in the central part of magnet - conductors, insulations and G10 layers and numbering of double - pancakes. Results The calculations are performed in ANSYS CFX solver which uses Finite Volume Method (FVM) techniques [11]. The results at a bath temperature of 1.9 K are shown in FIGURE 3 and for 4.2 K in FIGURE 4. For all simulations with the assumption of homogenous heat generation, the maximum temperature is located at the same location in the middle of the block 2 (the dots in FIGURE 3a and FIGURE 4a). A small displacement can be observed with increasing heat load; the maximum temperature is shifted towards the central part of the magnet along OY axie. For the heat load due to AC losses, the localization of the maximum temperature is in block 3 as it is depicted in FIGURE 3b and FIGURE 4b. With increasing value of heat load, the temperature generated in the magnet structure increases as well. The highest heat load of 10 W causes the highest temperature increase of about 4.0 K at 1.9 K and 2.2 K at 4.2 K. All results obtained during numerical calculations are summarized in TABLE 1.
5 a) b) FIGURE 3. The contours of temperature field with the localization of maximum temperature for a) 10 W, and b) AC losses model at 1.9 K bath temperature. a) b) FIGURE 4. The contours of temperature field with the localization of maximum temperature for a) 10 W, and b) AC losses model at 4.2 K bath temperature. TABLE 1. The values of maximum temperature differences at 1.9 and 4.2 K for all variants of simulations Bath temperature Model of heat load Unit AC losses Margin of Homogenous model model critical Total W temperature By length of (K) W/m conductor (at B=13.5 T By volume and I=10.5 W/m of conductor ka) Maximum temperature 1.9 K K The heat load is presented in W, W/m of conductor length and W/m 3 of conductor volume. In the nominal working conditions, for the current of 10.5 ka and the magnetic field of 13 T, a critical temperature is to be 7.7 K [12] and provides a temperature margin of 5.8 K for a bath temperature of 1.9 K and 3.5 K for a bath temperature of 4.2 K. The simulations confirmed that for the considered values of heat load the magnet will still be safe. MAGNET COOL-DOWN - TRANSIENT PROCESS It is important to determine the thermal behavior of the magnet during its cool-down since the thermal gradients created within the magnet structure can cause internal thermal
6 stress and in extreme cases, for high values, cracks and eventually magnet failure. Knowledge of the temperature evolution within the magnet can also be useful for optimizing the cool-down process, reducing the working hours and in consequence reducing the amount of coolant (helium). It is considered that the cool-down process can be done in two indirect and direct cooling steps. In indirect cooling, the magnet will be cooled from 300 K to 20 K via eight external cooling tubes placed on the shrinking cylinder (FIGURE 5). When the temperature of the magnet will reach 20 K, the cool-down will continue by direct cooling where helium is supplied around the internal and external magnet structures. The mathematical formula of unsteady heat conduction process can be applied to model the physical process during the cool-down, ( ) * ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )+ (2) where is the density, c p (T) the thermal capacity as a function of temperature [4-7] and k(t) is thermal conductivity as a function of temperature [4-7]. Indirect cool-down method assumptions and boundary conditions To accelerate the calculation process, some simplifications were done. The helium is treated as a solid element where only heat transfer via conduction is considered. In the real process, buoyancy flow would appear increasing the amount of heat transfers via helium and decreasing the temperature difference. Thus, the calculations presented in this paper can be considered as a conservative case of cool-down. The simulations are performed for four durations of indirect cool-down: 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 days. As it was proposed in [13], the indirect cool-down of the magnet will be realized in four steps: step 1 - cool-down from 300 K to 80 K, step 2 - electrical integrity test at 80 K, step 3 - cool-down from 80 K to 20 K and step 4 - electrical integrity test at 20 K. In practice this process can be carried out by controlling of the inlet temperature and mass flow rate in the external pipes. Because the numerical calculations are considered for a 2D geometry, the modeling of internal flow in the cooling tubes is replaced by the evolution of temperature on external side of shrinking cylinder, that we call cooling functions (FIGURE 5 and FIGURE 6). a) b) FIGURE 5. a) The idea of indirect cool-down using external cooling tubes, b) numerical model with simplification and boundary conditions.
7 Maximum thermal gradient in magnet (K) Temperature of cooling function (K) We assumed that during the first and third steps the temperature is decreasing linearly and stays constant during electrical integrity test (2 and 4 steps) with respect to the time as it is described in FIGURE 6. The electrical integrity tests will take about 6 hours and the cool-down from 80 K to 20 K at least 12 hours. On the other external sides of the shrinking cylinder adiabatic condition is applied. On the rests, symmetry condition is used. During all calculations the same computational time step of 10 minutes is used. Results In FIGURE 6 the evolution of the maximum temperature differences in the magnet with the cooling function is presented. The maximum differences are created between the cooling tubes and the central part of the magnet in conductor block number 1. Within the first and third steps, the evolution of the maximum thermal gradient can be characterized by rapid increasing and after reaching a maximum value, gradually decreasing. During the electrical integrity tests the maximum thermal gradient is continuously decreasing and at the end of those steps reaches almost zero. The maximum value of 60 K is obtained for the faster cool-down i.e. 1.5 days, and as expected the lowest value of 10 K is for 4 days of indirect cooling. As it was mentioned above, to keep the magnet safe during the cool-down the thermal gradient created within the magnet structure cannot be higher than the critical thermal gradient. From gained experience obtained during the design process of the LHC main magnets at CERN, the safety maximum thermal gradient which can be acceptable during cool-down was estimated to be around 75 K [14]. Because Fresca 2 magnet has a different structure than main LHC magnet, therefore the critical temperature gradient during the cool-down was decided [8] to be 30 K. To satisfy that condition, the magnet has to be cooled down over more than 2 days. The critical value of thermal gradient has to be confirmed by thermo-mechanical calculations. The simulations of the last indirect phase of cool-down from 80 K to 20 K shows that the evolution of the maximum thermal gradient has the same maximum value which does not exceed 8 K and is almost three times smaller than the critical temperature gradient. 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 1.5 days 2 days 3 days 4 days cooling function 1.5 days cooling function 2 days cooling function 3 days cooling function 4 days , ,0 50 0, Time of indirect cool-down (hour) 0 FIGURE 6. Evolutions of maximum thermal gradient (solid lines) with the cooling functions for all considered variants of indirect cool - down.
8 Maximum temperature gradient in magnet (K) Temperature of cooling function (K) Direct cool down method assumptions and boundary conditions After indirect cool-down to 20 K via external tubes, a direct cooling method from 20 K to 4.2 K is applied. The helium directly cools the internal and external magnet structure as it is shown in FIGURE 2 with the dotted lines. For that reason the same computational domains and mesh are used. The flow of helium is simplified to an evolution of surface temperature as presented in FIGURE 7 with the dotted line. The cooldown from 20 K to 4.2 K has the same scenarios for all variants - from 20 K to 4.2 K and lasts 2 hours with an electrical integrity test of 3 hours. The computational time step is equal to 5 minutes. Also it is assumed that from 20 K to 4.2 K, the temperature of the helium is decreasing linearly (the dot line in FIGURE 7). On the other sides of the computation region, a symmetry condition is used. The initial distributions of temperature in the domains are taken from the last calculation results of the indirect cool-down. Results In comparison to the indirect cool-down method, the direct cooling process generates very small thermal gradients in the magnet structure. The evolutions of maximum temperature difference within the magnet structure are almost the same and the maximum value is reached in half an hour after starting the process and equals 0.47 K. The evolution of maximum thermal gradient created in the magnet during direct method of cooling process is presented in FIGURE 7. 0,5 20 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 after 1.5 days after 2 days after 3 days after 4 days Cooling function Time of direct cool-down (hour) FIGURE 7. Evolutions of maximum thermal gradient (solid lines) with the cooling functions for all considered variants of direct cool - down.
9 CONCLUSION The numerical calculations using FVM (Finite Volume Method) have been performed for steady and transient processes. According to the calculations, the magnet will be kept safe even for a heat load of 10 W (5.292 W per one meter of conductor) and for bath temperatures of 1.9 K and 4.2 K. It is worth mentioning that, for LHC upgrade magnet, the expected value of the heat load is 2 W/m. That relatively high value of the temperature margin in Fresca 2 is a consequence of the amount of helium occupying free spaces within the magnet structure, especially in the space between the coil pack and the yoke. The cool-down of the magnet has to be done in more than 2 days with external tube indirect method. For that case, the generated maximum thermal gradient will be lower than 30 K. The estimated critical value of 30 K is based on the knowledge obtained from LHC design experience but has to be confirmed for Fresca 2 magnet by thermomechanical calculation with the results obtained in this study as input data. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under the FP7 program (EuCARD, contract number ). S. Pietrowicz is on leave from Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland. REFERENCES De Rijk G., New European Accelerator Project EuCARD: Work Package on High Field Magnets, IEEE/CSC & ESAS European Superconductivity News Forum, No. 8, April Milanese A., Manil P.,et al, Design of the EuCARD high field model dipole magnet FRESCA2, in IEEE Trans. Applied Superconductivity, to be published. 4. Cryocomp Software, Properties version 3.06, User interface version Metalpak Software, version 1.00, January 14, Baudouy B., Cryogenics 43, pp (2003). 8. De Rijk G., FRESCA2 magnet specification for thermal modeling, CERN, private communication, October de Rapper, W. M., Estimation of AC loss due to ISCC losses in the HFM conductor and coil, CERN TE-Note , 2010; 10. Pietrowicz S., Baudouy B., Thermal modeling of Fresca2 magnet, CERN report, EuCARD-REP , ANSYS CFX 12.1, documentation. 12. Bottura L., J C (B,T,ε) Parameterizations for the ITER Nb 3 Sn Production, CERN-ITER Collaboration Report Version 2, April 2, Bajko M., de Rijk G., Specification for the cryostat for the EuCARD Fresca2 magnet in the vertical test station SM18, private communication, October Bruning O., et al, LHC Design Report, Volume I The LHC Main Ring, CERN , 4 June 2004.
New European Accelerator Project EuCARD: Work Package on High Field Magnets
New European Accelerator Project EuCARD: Work Package on High Field Magnets Gijs de Rijk CERN, Technology Department, 1211 Genève 23, Switzerland; Phone: +41-22767 5261; Fax: +41-22-767-6300; email: gijs.de.rijk@cern.ch
More informationLHC-3 Superconducting Magnets for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade
LHC-3 Superconducting Magnets for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade KEK : N. Kimura, T. Okamura, A. Yamamoto, T. Ogitsu, T. Nakamoto, Y. Makida, K. Sasaki, T. Okamura, S. Takada** **U. of Tsukuba Irfu : B. Baudouy,
More informationHiLumi LHC FP7 High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider Design Study. Milestone Report. Cryogenic Scenarios for the Cold Powering System
CERN-ACC-2014-0065 HiLumi LHC FP7 High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider Design Study Milestone Report Cryogenic Scenarios for the Cold Powering System Ballarino, A (CERN) et al 27 May 2014 The HiLumi LHC
More informationEuCARD-2 Enhanced European Coordination for Accelerator Research & Development. Journal Publication
CERN-ACC-2016-0039 EuCARD-2 Enhanced European Coordination for Accelerator Research & Development Journal Publication HTS Dipole Magnet for a Particle Accelerator using a Twisted Stacked Cable Himbele,
More informationR&D ON FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDERS
R&D ON FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDERS Double Chooz ALICE Edelweiss HESS Herschel CMS Detecting radiations from the Universe. Conseil Scientifique de l Institut 2015 Antoine Chance and Maria Durante MOTIVATIONS
More informationAnalysis of Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Effects in Superconducting Accelerator Magnets
Analysis of Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Effects in Superconducting Accelerator Magnets Egbert Fischer 1, Roman Kurnyshov 2 and Petr Shcherbakov 3 1 Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbh, Darmstadt,
More informationDesign Aspects of High-Field Block-Coil Superconducting Dipole Magnets
Design Aspects of High-Field Block-Coil Superconducting Dipole Magnets E. I. Sfakianakis August 31, 2006 Abstract Even before the construction of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is finished, ideas about
More informationEUCARD MAGNET DEVELOPMENT
Paper selected from the Proceedings of the EuCARD - HE-LHC'10 AccNet Mini-Workshop on a "High Energy LHC" EUCARD MAGNET DEVELOPMENT Gijs de Rijk, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Abstract The FP7-EuCARD work
More informationHelium two-phase flow in a thermosiphon open loop
Presented at the COMSOL Conference 2009 Milan COMSOL Conference 2009 Milan October 14-16 2009 Helium two-phase flow in a thermosiphon open loop Florian Visentin, Bertrand Baudouy CEA Saclay Accelerator,
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF SUPERCONDUCTING AND CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS FOR ACCELERATORS BY IHEP
I DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF SUPERCONDUCTING AND CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS FOR ACCELERATORS BY IHEP K. Myznikov, A. Ageyev, V. Sytnik, I. Bogdanov, S. Kozub, E. Kashtanov, A. Orlov, V. Sytchev,
More informationSuperconducting Magnet with a Minimal Steel Yoke for the Future Circular Collider Detector
Superconducting Magnet with a Minimal Steel Yoke for the Future Circular Collider Detector V. I. Klyukhin Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
More informationHelium two-phase flow in a thermosiphon open loop
Presented at the COMSOL Conference 2009 Milan COMSOL Conference 2009 Milan October 14-16 2009 Helium two-phase flow in a thermosiphon open loop Florian Visentin, Bertrand Baudouy CEA Saclay Accelerator,
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Physics Procedia 67 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Physics Procedia 67 (2015 ) 815 821 25th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and the International Cryogenic Materials Conference in 2014,
More informationPolyhelix ECR & high field magnet development at LNCMI: an emergent synergy F. Debray, CNRS, LNCMI-Grenoble
Polyhelix ECR & high field magnet development at LNCMI: an emergent synergy F. Debray, CNRS, LNCMI-Grenoble HIGH FIELD? In 2009, dc magnetic fields up to 35 T are available to the scientific community
More informationPrecise Thermometry for Next Generation LHC Superconducting Magnet Prototypes
1PoAP-01 1 Precise Thermometry for Next Generation LHC Superconducting Magnet Prototypes V. Datskov 1, G. Kirby 1, L. Bottura 1, J.C. Perez 1, F. Borgnolutti 1, B. Jenninger 1, P. Ryan 2 Abstract The next
More informationTHERMOHYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN BOILING HELIUM NATURAL CIRCULATION LOOPS
THERMOHYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN BOILING HELIUM NATURAL CIRCULATION LOOPS Hernán FURCI Director: Chantal MEURIS Supervisor: Bertrand BAUDOUY Laboratoire de Cryogénie et Station d Essais SACM/IRFU/CEA de Saclay
More informationEvaluation of the Current Sharing Temperature of the ITER Toroidal Field Model Coil
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. 13, NO. 2, JUNE 2003 1447 Evaluation of the Current Sharing Temperature of the ITER Toroidal Field Model Coil R. Heller, D. Ciazynski, J. L. Duchateau,
More informationLimits to high field magnets for particle accelerators
IEEE/CSC & ESAS EUROPEAN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM, No. 19, January 212 Submitted to ESNF Nov. 16, 211; accepted Nov. 3, 212. Reference No. ST286, Category 6 The published version of this manuscript
More informationSPPC Study and R&D Planning. Jingyu Tang for the SPPC study group IAS Program for High Energy Physics January 18-21, 2016, HKUST
SPPC Study and R&D Planning Jingyu Tang for the SPPC study group IAS Program for High Energy Physics January 18-21, 2016, HKUST Main topics Pre-conceptual design study Studies on key technical issues R&D
More informationGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbh (GSI), Planckstrasse 1, D Darmstadt, Germany
Proceedings of ICEC 22ICMC 2008, edited by HoMyung CHANG et al. c 2009 The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics 9788995713822 Cold electrical connection for FAIR/ SIS100 Kauschke,
More informationCERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland *Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, UMR 8506 CNRS-Supélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Proceedings of ICEC 22-ICMC 2008, edited by Ho-Myung CHANG et al. c 2009 The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics 978-89-957138-2-2 Dynamic Simulation of a 1.8K Refrigeration Unit
More informationField Quality Measurements in a Single-Aperture 11 T Nb 3 Sn Demonstrator Dipole for LHC Upgrades
1LPN-03 FERMILAB-12-547-TD 1 Field Quality Measurements in a Single-Aperture 11 T Nb 3 Sn Demonstrator Dipole for LHC Upgrades N. Andreev, G. Apollinari, B. Auchmann, E. Barzi, R. Bossert, G. Chlachidze,
More informationKapitza resistance and thermal conductivity of Mylar at superfluid helium temperature
α κ κ Kapitza resistance and thermal conductivity of Mylar at superfluid helium temperature G. Hattenberger, S. Carré, F.-P. Juster, B. Baudouy CEA-Saclay, DSM/DAPNIA/SACM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,
More informationFEA Mechanical Modeling of Torque Transfer Components for Fully Superconducting Rotating Machines
FEA Mechanical Modeling of Torque Transfer Components for Fully Superconducting Rotating Machines Tingcheng.Wu 1, Guillaume.Escamez 1, Clement.Lorin 1, Philippe J. Masson 1 1 University of Houston *Mechanical
More informationLarge Hadron Collider at CERN
Large Hadron Collider at CERN Steve Playfer 27km circumference depth 70-140m University of Edinburgh 15th Novemebr 2008 17.03.2010 Status of the LHC - Steve Playfer 1 17.03.2010 Status of the LHC - Steve
More informationStability Analysis of the Interconnection of the LHC Main Superconducting Bus Bars
Stability Analysis of the Interconnection of the LHC Main Superconducting Bus Bars M. Bianchi 1,2, L. Bottura 2, M. Breschi 1, M. Casali 1, P.P. Granieri 2,3 1 University of Bologna, Italy 2 CERN, Geneva,
More informationImpact of the forces due to CLIQ discharges on the MQXF Beam Screen. Marco Morrone, Cedric Garion TE-VSC-DLM
Impact of the forces due to CLIQ discharges on the MQXF Beam Screen Marco Morrone, Cedric Garion TE-VSC-DLM The High Luminosity - LHC project HL-LHC Beam screen design - Beam screen dimensions - Conceptual
More informationJOINTS FOR SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS
JOINTS FOR SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS Patrick DECOOL Association EURATOM-CEA, CEA/DSM/IRFM 0 Large machines for fusion deals with Cable In Conduit Conductors (CICC) ITER Each conductor is composed of 1000
More informationRetraining of the 1232 Main Dipole Magnets in the LHC
Retraining of the 1232 Main Dipole Magnets in the LHC A. Verweij, B. Auchmann, M. Bednarek, L. Bottura, Z. Charifoulline, S. Feher, P. Hagen, M. Modena, S. Le Naour, I. Romera, A. Siemko, J. Steckert,
More informationAnalysis of Eddy Current Distributions in the CMS Magnet Yoke during the Solenoid Discharge
Analysis of Eddy Current Distributions in the CMS Magnet Yoke during the Solenoid Discharge V. I. Klyukhin, Member, IEEE, D. Campi, B. Curé, A. Gaddi, H. Gerwig, J. P. Grillet, A. Hervé, R. Loveless, and
More informationTechnical Note on Mechanical Design
SMC Project NOTE CEA-IRFU-SIS Date: May 29 2009 CERN-AT-MCS v 1.0 RAL-STFC LBNL EDMS Id: 1001930 CEA N/Ref: IRFU/SIS/1753/09/PM NED Short Model Coils project: Technical Note on Mechanical Design Pierre
More informationTo be published in the Proceedings of ICEC-22, Seoul Korea, July 2008 MICE Note 232 1
To be published in the Proceedings of ICEC-22, Seoul Korea, 21-25 July 2008 MICE Note 232 1 AC Loss Analysis on the Superconducting Coupling in MICE H. Wu, L. Wang, M. A. Green*, L. K. Li, F. Y. Xu, X.
More informationDipoles for High-Energy LHC
4AO-1 1 Dipoles for High-Energy LHC E. Todesco, L. Bottura, G. De Rijk, L. Rossi Abstract For the High Energy LHC, a study of a 33 TeV center of mass collider in the LHC tunnel, main dipoles of 2 T operational
More informationFP7 Eucard2 WP on HTS Magnets term of reference: edms doc Lucio Rossi CERN Task 1 : conductor at EUCAS2011
FP7 Eucard2 WP on HTS Magnets term of reference: edms doc. 1152224 Lucio Rossi CERN Task 1 : conductor Mee@ng at EUCAS2011 Use of Bi- 2212 and YBCO: both are promising so far 10,000 YBCO B _ Tape Plane
More informationHeat generation by eddy currents in a shell of superconducting bus-bars for SIS100 particle accelerator at FAIR
ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VOL. 66(4), pp. 705-715 (2017) DOI 10.1515/aee-2017-0053 Heat generation by eddy currents in a shell of superconducting bus-bars for SIS100 particle accelerator at FAIR
More informationBEAM DYNAMICS STUDIES FOR HILUMI LHC
BEAM DYNAMICS STUDIES FOR HILUMI LHC BARBARA DALENA IN COLLABORATION WITH: J. PAYET, A. CHANCÉ, O. GABOUEV The HiLumi LHC Design Study is included in the High Luminosity LHC project and is partly funded
More informationTHE CERN CRYOGENIC TEST FACILITY FOR THE ATLAS BARREL TOROID MAGNETS
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH European Laboratory for Particle Physics Large Hadron Collider Project LHC Project Report 365 THE CERN CRYOGENIC TEST FACILITY FOR THE ATLAS BARREL TOROID MAGNETS
More informationFAST-PULSED SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS
FAST-PULSED SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS Abstract Up to now only one synchrotron (Nuclotron at JINR, Dubna) has been equipped with fast-pulsed superconducting magnets. The demand for high beam intensities leads
More informationPreliminary design of the new HL-LHC beam screen for the low-β triplets
Preliminary design of the new HL-LHC beam screen for the low-β triplets Marco Morrone TE-VSC-DLM 15/10/2015 Contents o CERN The Hi Lumi upgrade o Functional requirements -Functional study -Current vs new
More informationMAGNET DESIGN ISSUES & CONCEPTS FOR THE NEW INJECTOR
IEEE/CSC & ESAS EUROPEAN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (ESNF), No. 16, April 2011 MAGNET DESIGN ISSUES & CONCEPTS FOR THE NEW INJECTOR P. Fabbricatore, INFN Sezione di Genova, Italy Abstract Possible layouts
More informationMultiphysics Simulations for the design of a Superconducting magnet for proton therapy
WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN HEUTE FÜR MORGEN Paul Scherrer Institut Multiphysics Simulations for the design of a Superconducting magnet for proton therapy Ciro Calzolaio October 19, 2017 OUTLINE Superconducting
More informationAnalysis of capacitance of a cryogenic by-pass line for SIS100 particle accelerator at FAIR
ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VOL. 67(4), pp. 803 814 (2018) DOI 10.24425/aee.2018.124741 Analysis of capacitance of a cryogenic by-pass line for SIS100 particle accelerator at FAIR ŁUKASZ TOMKÓW
More informationLecture 2: Training, fine filaments & cables
resistance Lecture : Training, fine filaments & cables Degraded performance & Training load lines and expected quench current of a magnet causes of training - release of energy within the magnet minimum
More informationPolitecnico, Dipartimento di Energetica, Torino, I-10129, Italy
SIULATION OF THERAL-HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN TWO-CHANNEL CICC WITH SELF- CONSISTENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS L. Savoldi, * L. Bottura, + and R. Zanino * * Politecnico, Dipartimento di Energetica, Torino, I-10129,
More informationLow Temperature Instrumentation: Detectors, Cooling Systems and Superconducting Magnets LOW TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTATION - DDAYS
Low Temperature Instrumentation: Detectors, Cooling Systems and Superconducting Magnets MARIA BARBA DACM GALAHAD JEGO DEDIP JULIEN AVRONSART - DACM 1 Use of cryogenic systems Cryogenic range of temperatures:
More informationCentral Solenoid Winding Pack Design
EUROFUSION WPMAG-CP(16) 15681 R Wesche et al. Central Solenoid Winding Pack Design Preprint of Paper to be submitted for publication in Proceedings of 29th Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 2016) This
More informationProject #1 Internal flow with thermal convection
Project #1 Internal flow with thermal convection MAE 494/598, Fall 2017, Project 1 (20 points) Hard copy of report is due at the start of class on the due date. The rules on collaboration will be released
More informationAccelerator Quality HTS Dipole Magnet Demonstrator Designs for the EuCARD-2, 5 Tesla 40 mm Clear Aperture Magnet
CERN-ACC-2015-0024 glyn.kirby@cern.ch Accelerator Quality HTS Dipole Magnet Demonstrator Designs for the EuCARD-2, 5 Tesla 40 mm Clear Aperture Magnet G. A. Kirby, J. van Nugteren, A. Ballarino, L. Bottura,
More informationMAE 598 Project #1 Jeremiah Dwight
MAE 598 Project #1 Jeremiah Dwight OVERVIEW A simple hot water tank, illustrated in Figures 1 through 3 below, consists of a main cylindrical tank and two small side pipes for the inlet and outlet. All
More informationEUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Laboratory for Particle Physics
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Laboratory for Particle Physics Departmental Report CERN/AT 2008-5 CABLE INSULATION SCHEME TO IMPROVE HEAT TRANSFER TO SUPERFLUID HELIUM IN Nb-Ti ACCELERATOR
More informationReport CERN-ACC Considerations for a QD0 with Hybrid Technology in ILC
CERN-ACC-2014-0197 Michele.Modena@cern.ch Report Considerations for a QD0 with Hybrid Technology in ILC M. Modena, A. Aloev #, H. Garcia, L. Gatignon, R. Tomas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Keywords: ILC Abstract
More informationNUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISC-PAD MODEL WITH AND WITHOUT THERMAL EFFECTS
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2015, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 2195-2204 2195 NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISC-PAD MODEL WITH AND WITHOUT THERMAL EFFECTS by Ali BELHOCINE * Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationExtensions to the Finite Element Technique for the Magneto-Thermal Analysis of Aged Oil Cooled-Insulated Power Transformers
Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 2012, 4, 167-176 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2012.44022 Published Online April 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jemaa) 167 Extensions to the
More informationLecture #2 Design Guide to Superconducting Magnet
Lecture #2 Design Guide to Superconducting Magnet Yukikazu Iwasa Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 CEA Saclay June
More informationAppendix B. GENETIK+ Near-real time thermal model correlation using genetic algorithm. Guillaume Mas (CNES, France)
19 Appendix B GENETIK+ Near-real time thermal model correlation using genetic algorithm Guillaume Mas (CNES, France) 20 GENETIK+ Near-real time thermal model correlation using genetic algorithm Abstract
More informationSchroeder, C., Walter, F., Marzouki, F., Stafiniac, A., Floch, E., Schnizer, P., Moritz, G., Xiang, Y., Kauschke, M., Meier, J., Hess, G.
Proceedgs of ICEC 22-ICMC 2008 edited by Ho-Myung CHANG et al. c 2009 The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics 978-89-957138-2-2 CRYOGENIC MAGNET TEST FACILITY FOR FAIR Schroeder
More informationSelf Field Measurements by Hall Sensors on the SeCRETS Long Sample CICCs in SULTAN
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. 12, NO. 1, MARCH 2002 1667 Self Field Measurements by Hall Sensors on the SeCRETS Long Sample CICCs in SULTAN Yu. A. Ilyin, A. Nijhuis, H. H. J. ten
More information20 T Block Dipole: Features and Challenges
20 T Block Dipole: Features and Challenges GianLuca Sabbi, Xiaorong Wang, LBNL Acknowledgment: Daniel R. Dietderich, LBNL Emmanuele Ravaioli and Jonas Blomberg Ghini, CERN ICFA Mini Workshop on High Field
More informationNUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION INSIDE OIL-COOLED TRANSFORMER WINDINGS
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION INSIDE OIL-COOLED TRANSFORMER WINDINGS N. Schmidt 1* and S. Tenbohlen 1 and S. Chen 2 and C. Breuer 3 1 University of Stuttgart,
More informationProtecting a Full-Scale Nb3Sn Magnet with CLIQ, the New Coupling-Loss Induced Quench System
Protecting a Full-Scale Nb3Sn Magnet with CLIQ, the New Coupling-Loss Induced Quench System Emmanuele Ravaiolia,b H. Bajasa, V. I. Datskova, V. Desbiollesa, J. Feuvriera, G. Kirbya, M. Maciejewskia,c,
More informationMeasurements of temperature on LHC thermal models
Measurements of temperature on LHC thermal models Christine Darve 1, Juan Casas 2, Moyses Kuchnir 1 1 : Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA 2 : CERN, European Laboratory for Particle
More informationHIMARC Simulations Divergent Thinking, Convergent Engineering
HIMARC Simulations Divergent Thinking, Convergent Engineering 8117 W. Manchester Avenue, Suite 504 Los Angeles, CA 90293 Ph: (310) 657-7992 Horizontal Superconducting Magnet, ID 1.6m 1 1 Design definition
More informationHiLumi LHC FP7 High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider Design Study. Deliverable Report SIMULATION MODELS FOR ENERGY DEPOSITION
CERN-ACC-2013-011 HiLumi LHC FP7 High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider Design Study Deliverable Report SIMULATION MODELS FOR ENERGY Redaelli, Stefano (CERN) 20 November 2012 The HiLumi LHC Design Study
More informationBatavia, Illinois, 60510, USA
HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS FOR HIGH FIELD SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS E. Barzi 1, L. Del Frate 1, D. Turrioni 1, R. Johnson 2, and M. Kuchnir 2 1 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia, Illinois,
More informationJournal of Physics: Conference Series. Related content. To cite this article: E Fischer et al 2010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser
Journal of Physics: Conference Series Critical mechanical structure of superconducting high current coils for fast ramped accelerator magnets with high repetition rates in long term operation To cite this
More informationIntroduction to Heat and Mass Transfer. Week 7
Introduction to Heat and Mass Transfer Week 7 Example Solution Technique Using either finite difference method or finite volume method, we end up with a set of simultaneous algebraic equations in terms
More informationCurrent Leads, Links and Buses
Current Leads, Links and Buses A. Ballarino 1 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract Electrical transfer from a room temperature power source to a superconducting system is done via conventional or superconducting
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Field properties of superconducting magnets The vanishing electrical resistance of superconducting coils as well as their ability to provide magnetic fields far beyond those
More informationBasic design and engineering of normalconducting, iron dominated electro magnets
CERN Accelerator School Specialized Course on Magnets Bruges, Belgium, 16 25 June 2009 Basic design and engineering of normalconducting, iron dominated electro magnets Numerical design Th. Zickler, CERN
More informationTrends in Magnet Technologies
Trends in Magnet Technologies Davide Tommasini State of the art Motivation for new developments in Magnet Technology Fast cycled superconducting magnets Higher Magnetic Fields Conclusions Magnet Technologies
More informationHigh Field HTS SMES Coil
High Field HTS SMES Coil R. Gupta, M. Anerella, P. Joshi, J. Higgins, S. Lakshmi, W. Sampson, J. Schmalzle, P. Wanderer Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, USA December 1, 2014 High Field HTS SMES Coil
More informationSuperconducting Magnets for Future Electron-Ion Collider. Yuhong Zhang Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, USA
Superconducting Magnets for Future Electron-Ion Collider Yuhong Zhang Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, USA Mini-workshop on Accelerator, IAS, HKUST, Hong Kong, January 18-19, 2018 1 Outline
More informationVery Large Hadron Collider - phase 2 Optimization of the beam screen cooling & Impact of the photon stop on the cryogenic system
Very Large Hadron Collider - phase 2 Optimization of the beam screen cooling & Impact of the photon stop on the cryogenic system VLHC workshop on the beam tube vacuum Saturday June 23, 21 - Christine Darve
More informationThermo-mechanical design of the SINGAP accelerator grids for ITER NB injectors
Fusion Engineering and Design 82 (2007) 860 866 Thermo-mechanical design of the SINGAP accelerator grids for ITER NB injectors P. Agostinetti, S. Dal Bello, M. Dalla Palma, P. Zaccaria Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA
More informationTutorial for the supercritical pressure pipe with STAR-CCM+
Tutorial for the supercritical pressure pipe with STAR-CCM+ For performing this tutorial, it is necessary to have already studied the tutorial on the upward bend. In fact, after getting abilities with
More informationWhich Superconducting Magnets for DEMO and Future Fusion Reactors?
Which Superconducting Magnets for DEMO and Future Fusion Reactors? Reinhard Heller Inspired by Jean Luc Duchateau (CEA) INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL PHYSICS, FUSION MAGNETS KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg
More informationApplied CFD Project 1. Christopher Light MAE 598
Applied CFD Project 1 Christopher Light MAE 598 October 5, 2017 Task 1 The hot water tank shown in Fig 1 is used for analysis of cool water flow with the heat from a hot plate at the bottom. For all tasks,
More informationWhy are particle accelerators so inefficient?
Why are particle accelerators so inefficient? Philippe Lebrun CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Workshop on Compact and Low-Consumption Magnet Design for Future Linear and Circular Colliders CERN, 9-12 October
More informationThermo-structural and heat load analysis of SST-1 Superconducting coils
Thermo-structural and heat load analysis of SST-1 Superconducting coils A.Tomar*,1, R. Srinivasan 1, U.Prasad 1, Pramit Dutta 1,2, Vipul Tanna 1, Raju Daniel 1, Bharat R Doshi 1, Hemang Agravat 1. 1-Institute
More informationSimplified Model of WWER-440 Fuel Assembly for ThermoHydraulic Analysis
1 Portál pre odborné publikovanie ISSN 1338-0087 Simplified Model of WWER-440 Fuel Assembly for ThermoHydraulic Analysis Jakubec Jakub Elektrotechnika 13.02.2013 This work deals with thermo-hydraulic processes
More informationA Method for Greatly Reduced Edge Effects and Crosstalk in CCT Magnets
Wed-Af-Po3.01 1 A Method for Greatly Reduced Edge Effects and Crosstalk in CCT Magnets M. Koratzinos, ETH Zurich, G. Kirby, J. Van Nugteren, CERN, E. R. Bielert, Univ. Illinois at Urbana Abstract Iron-free
More informationWelcome A STUDY ON UNIFORMITY OF A MAGNET. Excerpt from the Proceedings of the 2014 COMSOL Conference in Bangalore
Welcome A STUDY ON UNIFORMITY OF A MAGNET What is the presentation all about?? The presentation deals with the project conducted at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Kolkata Aim of the Project: To Design
More informationCFD and Thermal Stress Analysis of Helium-Cooled Divertor Concepts
CFD and Thermal Stress Analysis of Helium-Cooled Divertor Concepts Presented by: X.R. Wang Contributors: R. Raffray and S. Malang University of California, San Diego ARIES-TNS Meeting Georgia Institute
More informationNew Facilities for Multiphysics Modelling in Opera-3d version 16 By Chris Riley
FEA ANALYSIS General-purpose multiphy sics design and analy sis softw are for a w ide range of applications OPTIMIZER A utomatically selects and manages multiple goalseeking algorithms INTEROPERABILITY
More informationPreliminary AD-Horn Thermomechanical and Electrodynamic Simulations
CERN-ACC-2016-0334 2016-12-12 edmundo.lopez.sola@cern.ch Preliminary AD-Horn Thermomechanical and Electrodynamic Simulations Edmundo Lopez Sola / EN-STI, David Horvath / EN-STI, Marco Calviani / EN-STI
More informationThe development of a Roebel cable based 1 MVA HTS transformer
The development of a Roebel cable based 1 MVA HTS transformer Neil Glasson 11 October 2011 Mike Staines 1, Mohinder Pannu 2, N. J. Long 1, Rod Badcock 1, Nathan Allpress 1, Logan Ward 1 1 Industrial Research
More informationTHERMAL HYDRAULIC REACTOR CORE CALCULATIONS BASED ON COUPLING THE CFD CODE ANSYS CFX WITH THE 3D NEUTRON KINETIC CORE MODEL DYN3D
THERMAL HYDRAULIC REACTOR CORE CALCULATIONS BASED ON COUPLING THE CFD CODE ANSYS CFX WITH THE 3D NEUTRON KINETIC CORE MODEL DYN3D A. Grahn, S. Kliem, U. Rohde Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute
More informationA 5 Tesla Solenoid for SiD
2005 International Linear Collider Workshop Stanford, U.S.A A 5 Tesla Solenoid for SiD R. P. Smith, R. Wands FNAL, Batavia, IL 60510, USA A conceptual design study for a 5 Tesla superconducting solenoid
More informationCURRENT LEADS FOR THE LHC MAGNET SYSTEM
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH European Laboratory for Particle Physics Large Hadron Collider Project LHC Project Report 526 CURRENT LEADS FOR THE LHC MAGNET SYSTEM A. Ballarino Abstract The
More informationThe Dynamical Loading of the WWER440/V213 Reactor Pressure Vessel Internals during LOCA Accident in Hot and Cold Leg of the Primary Circuit
The Dynamical Loading of the WWER440/V213 Reactor Pressure Vessel Internals during LOCA Accident in Hot and Cold Leg of the Primary Circuit ABSTRACT Peter Hermansky, Marian Krajčovič VUJE, Inc. Okružná
More informationThe SIS100 Superconducting Magnets
The SIS100 Superconducting Magnets Anna Mierau Workshop Beam physics for FAIR 2012 May 10 11, 2012 Hotel Haus Schönblick 1. Overview of superconducting beam guiding magnets of the SIS100 - Requirements
More informationThermo Mechanical Analysis of AV1 Diesel Engine Piston using FEM
Journal of Advanced Engineering Research ISSN: 2393-8447 Volume 2, Issue 1, 2015, pp.23-28 Thermo Mechanical Analysis of AV1 Diesel Engine Piston using FEM Subodh Kumar Sharma 1, *, P. K. Saini 2, N. K.
More informationCRYOGENIC CONDUCTION COOLING TEST OF REMOVABLE PANEL MOCK-UP FOR ITER CRYOSTAT THERMAL SHIELD
CRYOGENIC CONDUCTION COOLING TEST OF REMOVABLE PANEL MOCK-UP FOR ITER CRYOSTAT THERMAL SHIELD K. Nam, a D. K. Kang, a W. Chung, a C. H. Noh, a J. Yu, b N. I. Her, b C. Hamlyn-Harris, b Y. Utin, b and K.
More informationSupercritical Helium Cooling of the LHC Beam Screens
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH European Laboratory for Particle Physics Large Hadron Collider Project LHC Project Report Supercritical Helium Cooling of the LHC Beam Screens Emmanuel Hatchadourian,,
More informationMagnet Power Converters and Accelerators
Magnet Power Converters and Accelerators Neil Marks, DLS/CCLRC, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K. The accelerator lattice. Magnets: dipoles; quadrupole; sextupoles. Contents Magnet excitation
More informationLHC Luminosity and Energy Upgrade
LHC Luminosity and Energy Upgrade Walter Scandale CERN Accelerator Technology department EPAC 06 27 June 2006 We acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under
More informationMaterial, Design, and Cost Modeling for High Performance Coils. L. Bromberg, P. Titus MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center ARIES meeting
Material, Design, and Cost Modeling for High Performance Coils L. Bromberg, P. Titus MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center ARIES meeting Tokamak Concept Improvement Cost minimization Decrease cost of final
More informationINTRODUCTION to the DESIGN and FABRICATION of IRON- DOMINATED ACCELERATOR MAGNETS
INTRODUCTION to the DESIGN and FABRICATION of IRON- DOMINATED ACCELERATOR MAGNETS Cherrill Spencer, Magnet Engineer SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park, California, USA Lecture # 1 of 2 Mexican
More informationScienceDirect. Cryogenic design of a large superconducting magnet for astroparticle shielding on deep space travel missions
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Physics Procedia 67 (2015 ) 264 269 25th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and the International Cryogenic Materials Conference in 2014,
More informationKeywords: Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Resistive Type SFCL, MATLAB/SIMULINK. Introductions A rapid growth in the power generation
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Performance of a 3.3kV Resistive type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter S.Vasudevamurthy 1, Ashwini.V 2 1 Department of Electrical
More information