Low Temperature Instrumentation: Detectors, Cooling Systems and Superconducting Magnets LOW TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTATION - DDAYS

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1 Low Temperature Instrumentation: Detectors, Cooling Systems and Superconducting Magnets MARIA BARBA DACM GALAHAD JEGO DEDIP JULIEN AVRONSART - DACM 1

2 Use of cryogenic systems Cryogenic range of temperatures: from 120 K to mk!!! ITER (Tokamaks) for cooling magnets (4K) MRI (Iseult) superfluid helium (1.8K) Quantum computer - IBM 50 qubit (mk) 2

3 Use of cryogenic systems CMS credit: Julian Herzog CERN credit: Arpad Horvath Superconducting magnet and particle detection LHC magnets: Superfluid He (1.9K) credit: NASA Chandra Spectro-imaging and low temperature detector (mk) Planck ATLAS credit: SCZenz credit: ESA/AOES Medialab 3

4 Low Temperature Instrumentation at Irfu Cooling devices to attain cryogenic temperatures For instrumentation which works at cryogenic temperatures Cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipes Calorimeter High resistivity TES MgB 2 high-field superconducting magnet 4

5 Innovative cryogenic cooling system for superconducting magnets MARIA BARBA - DACM 5

6 Pulsating Heat Pipes Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are two-phase thermal links consisting of a long capillary channel bent into many U-turns. They are thermally driven by an oscillatory flow of liquid slugs and vapor plugs and present high heat transfer performance. Maximum inner tube diameter (from the Bond number) Bo = (ρ l ρ v )gd 2 σ 4 D crit 2 σ g(ρ l ρ v ) GOALS: Experimental and numerical tests. Define the thermodynamic characteristics and limits of the device. Quench simulations. 6

7 Cryogenic PHP 3 cryogenic PHP (12, 24, and 36 tubes). Total length: 1 m (a record!). Horizontal (the closest configuration to zero gravity). Inner diameter of the capillary tubes: 1.5 mm. Specific inlet gas system. Cryogenic fluid Nitrogen Neon Argon Working temperatures K K K 7

8 Results Argon tests: in progress N 2 Permanent heat load test (7 hours at 20 W) Progressive heat load test Ne Permanent heat load test (9 hours at 50 W) Progressive heat load test 8

9 Results Single tube > 2D axisymmetric model: 1. Fluid dynamics (different parameters tested e.g. the contact angle Θ). 2. Thermal components (evaporationcondensation Lee model) in progress Different fluids (N 2, Ne, Ar) and diameters (Ne out of range). Wall or UDF Evaporator Vapor phase Adiabatic part Liquid film Interface Condenser Liquid phase P fixed Θ = 48 Θ = 30 Θ = 15 Θ = 0 9

10 Conclusions and next steps Exceptional thermal performances: Ne W/m.K vs Cu (RRR = 300) K N W/m.K vs Cu (RRR = 300) K Ar W/m.K vs Cu (RRR = 300) K Argon tests Quench tests Complete thermodynamic simulations Comparison between different fluids Publications: Experimental study of Large-scale cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipes (Maria Barba, Romain Bruce, Antoine Bonelli, Bertrand Baudouy) Conference CEC-ICMC Thermal performance of a meter-scale cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe (Romain Bruce, Maria Barba, Antoine Bonelli, Bertrand Baudouy) Cryogenics (2018). Thermal Study of a One-meter-long Neon Cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe (Maria Barba, Romain Bruce, Florent Bouchet, Antoine Bonelli, Bertrand Baudouy) Conference ICEC-ICMC 2018 (in progress). 10

11 High resistivity Transition Edge Sensor and cryo-electronics GALAHAD JEGO DEDIP XAVIER DE LA BROISE DEDIP JEAN-LUC SAUVAGEOT - DAP 11

12 Light and space- Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA Improvement on spatial resolution for detectors Cosmic Microwave Background map credit: NASA / WMAP Science Team 12

13 Detector Spectro-imager Athéna : High spatial resolution: 4*32*32 pixels High energy resolution : 2,5eV at 6keV Credit: Xavier de la Broïse & al 13

14 Calorimeter Photon Absorber Fast thermal link Sensor Slow thermal link Cold bath 14

15 Calorimeter Absorber Fast thermal link Sensor Cold bath 15

16 Calorimeter Absorber Sensor Slow thermal link Cold bath 16

17 Calorimeter High resistivity TES X-Ray Absorber Fast thermal link Sensor Slow thermal link Cold bath TES characteristics Resistance (Ohm) over temperature (K) 17

18 Test setup 1 cycle 300K to 50mK/week Reduced space Difficulties with electrical links between 50mK and 4K Very fragile Very long wires Credit: Jean-Luc Sauvageot 18

19 Making the detector Input connector 6 HEMT based amplifiers Bias filtering Output connector Credit: Xavier de la Broïse 19

20 Contribution à la conception d un aimant supraconducteur MgB2 haut champ Design and construction of a MgB 2 high-field superconducting magnet JULIEN AVRONSART DACM 20

21 Presentation and context Where? Accelerators, Cryogenics and Magnetism Department (DACM) of IRFU Goal? Design and build a MgB 2 2+3T high field superconducting magnet What for? MRI, wind turbines, magnetic separation etc Why superconducting? No resistance so no energy loss -> low electricity bill and low heat Size (less winding) 21

22 Project Steps Straight and winded wire tests Thermo-mechanics, magnetic simulations Winding tests and final winding Final magnet Experiments Results Mechanical homogenization of the conductor Impregnation Magnet tests 22

23 Thank you MARIA BARBA- DACM GALAHAD JEGO DEDIP JULIEN AVRONSART DACM 23