The nature of spatial planning in Slovakia

Transcription

1 Strategic Environmental Assessment and spatial planning in Slovakia: Current practices and lessons for practical application of the EC SEA Directive by Ingrid Belcáková, Faculty of Architecture, Slovak Technical University The nature of spatial planning in Slovakia Transition of political system and transformation of economy for market economy brings substantial changes in demands and requirements for spatial organization in the methods and management instruments as well as a new sight at the integration of environmental, economic and social factors. Spatial planning in the Slovak Republic is a relatively complex set of instruments and methods at the national, regional and local levels, with the emphasis on applying the decision-making power by the self-government and executive authorities at these levels. The system character and relationoships of the instruments has not yet been sufficiently reflected in the planning practice, due to the uncompleted state of the self-governing institutions at the regional level of decisionmaking. Therefore the informal instruments come to the forefront in the process of decisionmaking, as they are applicable in the vertical as well as in horizontal integration and in coordination of various interests in the territory. It deals with integration of the economic, social and environmental interests that are represented by the sectors (horizontal level) and at the other side by co-ordination of community interests that are the subjects of planning superintendence of the municipalities between the regional and national levels. Spatial planning in the Slovak Republic is of general kind, where the spatial policiesand strategies are included. However, consequently the outputs must be reflected in the land use plans at different scale and geographical (national, regional, local, zone) levels that is in the form of blueprint allocation of land-use. Therefore, in the context of spatial development, the main focus is on the land-use plans that are the main instruments for land allocation that should be based on the integration of social, economic and environmental issues in the given space following the outputs of sectoral and some horizontal development policies. The land-use plans are the main instruments for land allocation aiming to integrate social, economic and environmental issues in a given space, following the outputs of sectoral and some horizontal development policies. Those are the instruments that, according to the law, has to implement the spatial plan policy at national, regional and local levels in the Slovak Republic. It is the Act on Land - Use Planning and Building Regulation No. 50/1976, revised in Acts No. 103/1990 and No. 262/1992 and No. 136/1995, which delas with land use planning and land development. According to this Act every land use scheme and every development must proceed Szentendre,

2 in ways permitted by Land Use Law and the Building Code. Apart from above legislation, protection of several components of the environment (such as water, air, soil, forests) and economic activities (forestry, hunting, fishing) are subject to special legislation and are reflected in the land use plan. In Slovakia, the main spatial planning institution at national and regional levels is the Ministry for the Building Construction and Regional Development and regional public administration authorities. The same ones are responsible for the environmental protection and conservation. Among others key actor players in spatial planning are Ministry for Environment, Ministry for transport, Ministry for the agriculture and rural development and the Slovak office for cartography. At local level, the local authority is the main spatial planning institution. These levels of decision-making function on the principle of subsidiarity and the higher level cannot interfere with the lower level decisions that build upon the approved regional spatial plans, but have quite a high degree of flexibility. The relation between the different administrative units and the two levels of decision-making is based on co-operation and coordination and there are legal duties to inform the public and various stakeholders as well as to review the plans and negotiate the improved solutions. In Table 1-3 you can see the system of spatial planning in Slovakia. Table 1: The system of spatial planning in Slovakia Commissioning of spatial plan Decision - maker on Assessing body National Ministry for the Building Construction and Regional Development Regional Council Community/munici pality Community/munici pality spatial plan National government Regional Council Ministry for the Environment Local Council Regional public administration authority Local Council Regional public administration authority The spatial planning level National level Regional level Local/municipa l level Local/municipa l level Spatial planning instrument National spatial development policy of Slovakia Regional spatial/land use plan Local spatial/ land use plan Spatial/land use plan of zone Comment: Local administration authority issues the building permission for construction development based on the approved spatial plan at the appropriate level and based on the standpoints of all the appropriate state/public administration authorities. Szentendre,

3 Table 2: Instruments and Acts of Spatial Planning in Slovakia Supra-national Level Strategic planning Land use planning National Republic of Slovakia Sub-National Act on Planning and Building Regulation No. 50/1976 Act on Planning and Building Regulation No. 50/1976 National Regional Development Plan the Building Code Divisional (meso-level) Regions Regional spatial/land use plan Regional spatial/land use plan Counties Super-Municipal Municipal Development Strategy of the City Master Plan Local spatial/ land use plan Local spatial/ land use plan Sub-Municipal (Zone) Urban study of zone Szentendre,

4 Table 3: Institutional Structure of Spatial Planning in Slovakia Supra-national Level Strategic planning Land use planning National Republic of Slovakia Sub-National Divisional (meso-level) Regions Counties Super-Municipal Municipal City of Bratislava Sub-Municipal (Zone) Petrzalka Slovak National Parliament Regional Council Districts Bratislava City Council Bratislava-Petrzalka Municipal Council 1. National Government 2. National Ministry of the Environment 3. Ministry for the Building Construction and Regional Development 4. Ministry for Transport 5. Ministry for the Agriculture and Rural Development 6. Slovak Office for Cartography Regional Public Administration Authority District Offices Office of City Council City Development Planning Office Dept. of Town Planning Dept. of Roads & Transport Dept. of Environment Protection Dept. of Town Planning Dept. of Roads & Transport Dept. of Environment Protection The present status of SEA in Spatial Planning in Slovakia The demands to apply the process of environmental assessment on higher strategic level activities (Strategic Environmental Assessment-SEA) is reflected in the Act of the National Council of the Slovak Republic No. 127/1994 on the Environmental Impact Assessment (the EIA Act) that came into force on September 1 st, 1994 as amended by Act No. 391/2000. SEA is obligatory according to 35 of the EIA Act for: Szentendre,

5 a substantial development policy, especially in the area of energy supply, mining, industry, transport, agriculture, forestry and water management, waste management and tourism, land-use planning documentation for the regional and residential settlements of selected areas, especially the centre of a region, urban conservation areas, spas, and particularly polluted localities, any proposal for generally legal binding regulations that may have an adverse impact on the environment. It is linked to a tiered process to spatial planning levels and, also, to the decision making (policy, plans and programs). According to 35 par. 1b/ the draft of a land use planning documentation has: a/ to contain the predicted environmental impact evaluation (SEA). b/ the land use planning documentation designer should discuss the predicted impacts and proposed compensations with MoE The Act does not define the decision making procedure if there is a doubt whether it is a case of the selected settlement or the urban conservation zone, etc. It is considered to be determined by the executive regulations which will be issued according to 44 of the EIA Act. The obligation to assess the predicted impacts of development policies, programmes and plans set by the EIA Act resulted in the large debate on the side elaborators of land use planning documentation. At all levels and in all categories, land use planning documentation represents one of fundamental instruments of environmental protection and, of the sustainable development.. Its role is not only the comprehensive solution of functional utilisation and the co-ordination of the investments organisation but the creation of preconditions to ensure the sustainable balance of all natural, civilizational and cultural values of the territory as well. The incorporation of 35 of EIA Act was motivated by the fact that there is a lack of sufficiently elaborated determination of local potentials determinated by the overall environmental quality including impact prediction in methods of elaboration of land use planning documentation. On the other side, the opposition of planners against SEA was conditioned by the lack of knowledge about this Act or they had not read it very carefully. This Act does not prescribe that the land-use planning documentation of regions and settlements are a subject of the whole assessment process but it says that this documentation should contain the evaluation of the predicted impacts on the environment and, also, it should contain mitigation measures. Szentendre,

6 A proposal for development policy and land-use planning documentation must contain an assessment regarding its impact on the environment and, if necessary, a proposal for measures to eliminate or reduce the adverse impacts. In the course of a short period since the EIA Act has been adopted, the processes of assessment of development policies and documentation of land-use planning (on national and regional levels) has been required and the first theoretical and practical experience have been obtained. A great attention has been given to the preparation of methodological guidelines on SEA. Since 1994 several guidelines on SEA for policies were developed (Kozová, Spácilová, Huba et al., 1994, Kozová et al., 1996, Kozová et al., 1999, Kozová, Belcáková, Finka, Petríková, 2000) under the auspices of the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic (MoE SR) as a special issue of the methodological guidelines to the EIA Act. And also, since 1995 guidelines on SEA for landuse planning documentation were prepared (Finka, Belcáková et al, 1996, Finka, Belcáková et al., 1997, Krumpolcová et al., 1997, Krumpolcová et al., 1998). SEA procedural and methodological aspects in spatial planning The need for an early application of SEA in spatial planning is inevitable. The late acceptance of SEA in the planning process often means a limitation to find possible fundamental alternative solutions to the problem (e.g. the project will not be licensed, or it will be without the substantial policy alternatives). The position of SEA in lspatial planning practice is clearly expected to balance the weaknesses of EIA applied at project level (Belcáková, Finka, al., 1996, Belcáková, Finka, 1999). On regional and local level plans and settlement dimensions a lot of decisions are taken. These decisions are legally binding for plans on hierarchically lower levels. We should have in mind that, in many countries, sectoral plans have only directive effect for the location of different activities in space. Their realisation is dependent on the decision under land-use planning process. Referring to previous experience, in early SEA step it is necessary to review the environmental carrying capacity of an investment at all planning levels to a maximum degree in order to exclude wrong planning and decision making steps. Spatial planning measures on regional levels, that are relevant in relation to environmental issues, should be analysed concerning the importance of environmental impact prevention having in mind the scope of relevant detail degree, i.e. planning details. The project level EIA monitors the environmental consequences of the realisation of a project. Under this process it is not possible to address the heterogenity of intended facilities and uses of land in the interaction with the existing structure. EIA of projects can not ensure the evaluation of cummulative and synergistic effects of different activities in space. This is a dominant role of SEA, namely SEA in spatial planning. Szentendre,

7 The evaluation of spatial and cumulative effects is expected from SEA and mainly from SEA in spatial planning process, the one which represents inter-sectoral planning. SEA of spatial planning has to point out and address the potential environmental risks and their originators. Namely regional level seems to be the most appropriate one in order to evaluate spatial and cumulative effects since the region represents an adequate spatial unit and since the regional spatial plans are, on the basis of their co-ordination tasks the place where sectoral plans meet together in many countries. SEA in spatial planning overcomes the implementation framework of ecology issues in up-todate practice where the environmental aspect is often presented not transparently without difference between the description of present state and environmental impacts evaluation as well as without the analysis of feedback of secondary and cumulative effects. It is difficult to assess the spatial planning on regional level by the EIA methods and standard EIA factors, taking into account its characteristics and different levels of details in comparison to concrete project investments and effects. There is also a different spatial degree and scope of details of spatial planning documentation which is, by its nature, a planning instrument determining the limits of spatial development and which can be a condition of necessity for reduction of the environmental assessment to important aspects of land use planning solutions. On the other hand the assessment of cumulative and synergic effects requires a relatively detailed analysis of space while the analysis suggests the existence of ecological comprehensive model for a region. Thus, complexity or comprehensiveness of EIA is the barrier of the methodological borders of possible implementation. Apart from that, the high complexity can heavily meet the requirements of transparency and effectiveness of the assessment. On the contrary to EIA on project level, at the level of spatial plans the stakeholders of planning developments that would be responsible for financing are usually not known. Another important aspect not to be neglected is the time. The extent of planning process can reduce the effectiveness of spatial planning actions. The implementation of SEA into a hierarchical decision-making spatial planning system seems to be the optimal solution despite of a number of unresolved questions, i.e. weaknesses. What are the functions of SEA in spatial planning? The most important function of SEA in spatial planning is its contribution to a stronger environmental orientation in spatial planning. On the other hand SEA directly joins the process of planning and decision making and on the other hand it can meet those impacts that interfere above the framework of the actual decision making process. Szentendre,

8 To further functions of SEA in spatial planning belong mainly (Belcáková, 2001): SEA in spatial planning helps in the preparation of decisions and has a possibility to bring a great number of information on predicted environmental impacts resulting from planning measures during decision-making process SEA in spatial planning explains the ecological, social a economic context of planning process and can function as a warning in order to protect the environment against already revealed and clearly described dangerous situations and risks together with, what is important on regional level, not clearly described potential dangers SEA in spatial planning has to present information on such environmental impacts which own existence and consequences are not exactly defined. SEA in spatial planning can, in this way, contribute to an improvement of decision-making process since it is a comprehensive, systematic and transparent assessment of ecological, social and economic aspects and problem implications. The coming conflicts between environmental protection and sectoral interest requirements in spatial planning can not be solved during SEA process. These requires political solutions that are transformed into decisions about a certain planning alternative. In this decision-making process, SEA can guarantee neither rational decision nor an appropriate consideration on ecological requirements. Its tasks is to contribute to such decision by its transparency and comprehensiveness. In a democratic society it is hardly possible to neglect or ignore the information on predicted ecological impacts of the developments that is systematically gathered and documented and objectively evaluated. Thus, SEA in spatial planning has, in relation to a sectoral planning, the function of influencing and mitigation of spatial planning negatives. Its task is to contribute to such planning which is from environmental point of view not only bearable but optimal as well, while at the same time it searches for different alternatives when considering the ecological, social and economic impacts. These are evaluated by appointed value scales, their impacts are related to the best alternative and the possible risks revealed. Szentendre,

9 What are the tasks of SEA in spatial planning? Main tasks of SEA in spatial planning can be defined as follows: The analysis of ecological, social and economic impacts, i.e. identification, description and evaluation of effects of spatial planning measures the output of which should be the creation of information database for the process of spatial plan elaboration and for the decisionmaking process in spatial planning To address alternatives or possible solutions resulting in optimal carrying capacity of land To mitigate negative consequences on the environment. While defining the subject of SEA in spatial planning, we must have in mind the realisation of spatial planning measures, e.g. decisions that have directly resulted from or have been conditioned by the proved solutions of spatial planning. Apart from the subject of SEA, the process also comprises the level of value (classification, evaluation). It is aim is to come to the evaluation of a proposed spatial planning documentation in relation to expected ecological social and economic impacts. That is why it is necessary to determine criteria and evaluation scales in the form of targets and standards of environmental quality. The degree to which the environmental evaluation of spatial planning documentation can address the carrying capacity of proposed solutions is dependent on the quality and comprehensiveness of environmental background materials. The evaluation process does not mean that we would like to determine the absolute value of carrying capacity in relation to the environment but we have in mind its relation to a certain defined basic criteria. The carrying capacity thresholds of such comprehensive environmental system are too difficult to be set up. Apart from that, the issue of environmental quality itself is not an issue that can be determined generally. It rather a question dependent on scientific knowledge and social targets and, thus, its content is dynamic. It means that also assessment criteria can be static neither in time nor in spatial dimension and it is not possible to establish them unambiguously, through SEA process. No matter what methods are applied, the social system of values and targets is always the main decisive normative basis. Without this, it is not possible to transform the description and quantification of environmental potentials and factors into their evaluation. Environmental quality evaluation criteria, being the basis of environmental potential determination, are also a basis of environmental assessment of a project, programme, plan or policy. So it is an assessment of how the realisation of a certain intention can influence the current (actual) potential of the affected area not only in ad hoc but in a trajectory of its predicted spatial development. Szentendre,

10 Lessons form practice Experience of 35 of EIA Act application in Bratislava land-use plan. According to the EIA Act part of the decision-making process at the level of the local land-use plan of Bratislava, has been to carry out the assessment that is of the strategic environmental assessment character. The city of Bratislava initiated it from October 1999 to March 2000 in order to increase the quality and acceptance of the plan as well as the involvement of the citizens to implement the intentions of the local plan and to make the process to be more democratic. On the other hand, this project was to prove a new methodology of the SEA implementation in landuse planning that was carried out in co-operation of the two universities and planning practice. The process of strategic environmental evaluation has been executed when 3 draft variants of blue print land use concept had been available. Public had the access to the written, table and graphic parts of it. Moreover, the subject of assessment was not only the actual plan but also the strategic documents that have been used as the basis for its elaboration, because these have not been a subject to the SEA process before. The aim has been the integrated assessment of all the aspects of the proposed spatial development plan in relation to meeting the objectives of sustainable development and its enforcement at the level of the city of Bratislava. The process of SEA has been implemented as an integral part of the planning preparation process that safeguards the optimal existence of feedback as well as implementation of the results of the SEA process in selection and elaboration of the final variant. After the completion of the SEA process, Ministry for the Environment of the Slovak Republic published their official standpoint on the SEA process outputs and issued some instructions based on the environmental assessment results. Local authority of Bratislava, SEA professionals (2 EIA Centres were involved), Ministry for the Environment, NGOs and Bratislava citizens were among the key actors or stakeholders. Bratislava city authority was the responsible body. Physical, biophysical, social and economic issues as well as the emerging issues such as health, risks, bio-diversity and climate change had been integrated before SEA process started. But the integration level was not very evident. In the written part of all three alternatives of Bratislava spatial plan the goal of sustainable development has been stated. But this general statement has not been detailed in different spatial planning aspects of the plan. Basically two main aspects of methodological integration between the SEA process and spatial development plan elaboration have been used: a) the strategic evaluation of spatial development plan goals and aims in different aspects towards sustainability principles and criteria (sustainability test) Szentendre,

11 b) quite detailed Bratislava spatial plan evaluation when, also, cumulative assessment played a key role. Cumulative impacts were identified in order to prescribe potential problem areas to be solved at the hierarchically lower level of Bratislava land use plan - zone level. The process of SEA contributed to the fulfillment of the basic task of land-use planning that is the optimal utilisation of the local area potentials and to enforce sustainability of spatial development of the settlement in its social, ecological and economic dimension. The process of the SEA helped to reveal the cumulative and synergic effects of implementation of the development intentions included in the local development plan, the conflicts of interests in the territory and reveal possible psychological barriers in acceptance the development intentions in the local plan. At the same time it enhanced the information of the citizens and ensured transparency of decision-making of the respective bodies of self-government, who are fully responsible for adoption of the plan. The experience of the implementation of the SEA in this case study showed that it is inevitable to ensure the closer institutional, legislative, policy and financial co-operation of the land-use planning processes and the processes of the SEA. There had been an absence of the executive rules and methods during the process of elaboration of the land-use plan. Existing features and practise of the public participation system in Slovakia Basic acts which deal with public participation are the Act on Rights of Petition No. 85, 1990, the Act on the Right of Assembly No. 84, 1990, the Act on the Rights of Association No.83, 1990, The Municipality Act, No. 369, 1991, the Act of Basic Rights and Freedoms, No. 23, 1991, and the Referendum Act, No. 564, All of them are derived from new changes in the Constitution after In the context of public participation in spatial planning and SEA process a new approach is to be found in the 1994 Environmental Impact Assessment Act. It recognises the value of active public participation, of the public as a source of information as well as a recipient there of, and of the public as a source of critiques of official information. At the same time it creates a new situation in relation to other legal standards as it is cross - referenced to the Municipality Act, to the Land Use Planning Act and Building Code and to the Environment Act. The essential requirements for effective public participation are the availability of information, two-way communication between central government and the municipalities, and between the municipality and citizens, and the transparency of decision making procedures. Szentendre,

12 The foundations of citizen participation are in the changed value orientation towards the democracy, on the side of the citizens as well as on the side of the government. The citizens exercise their new rights gained after 1990 and learn how to participate effectively and make use of several new bills passed by the government in the 90s. Under the new Constitution of the Slovak Republic ( Act No. 460/1992) the basic human rights including the participation rights (right to associate, right to assemble, right to petitions) have been guaranteed. Other Acts like the Act on Free Access to Information (No. 211/2000) is a unique legislative instrument for the citizens to gain all kinds information within ten days, the Act on Municipality (No. 369/1990), the Act on Planning (No. 50/1976), the Act on Environmental Impact Assessment (No. 127/1994), the Act on Nature and Landscape Protection (No. 543/2002 and the Act on Administration (No. 71/1967) as well as the Act on Complaints (No. 152/1998) are strongly supporting and enabling citizen participation. There have been several NGOs established in the 90s that take an active role in citizen participation. To enable an open dialogue with the public and NGO s the Local Council of Bratislava opened the Discussion Forum, prepared the cycle of thematic meetings devoted to the problems that arose and reflect the diverse opinions and standpoints of the citizens. They used the instrument of participatory appraisal and participative strategic planning that enabled to motivate citizens to take the opportunity and to comment on the problems they perceived. Participation processes took place at two levels. The first level was at the strategic level of environmental appraisal of Bratislava land-use plan which was at the city level and the second level was participation at the project level assessment where the citizens were taking part in the EIA procedure through the civic initiative they created. This case study is a good example of public participation because the citizens have been able to create a civic initiative that was taking part in the whole process of assessment and aware of the steps to be taken for ensuring that measures towards more favourable solutions and proposed compensations will be negotiated and then approved by the developer. It means that the process of participation was the main instrument to meet the requirements of the citizens, overcome the negatives of technological solution and propose the measure that are environment friendly as well as beneficial for the community. To conclude: Involvement of the citizens was enabled through the processes of EIA and SEA. In the process of strategic environmental assessment of the Master Plan of Bratislava in 2000, that was based on the latest amendment of the Slovak Act on Planning (No. 237/2000 Z.z.), the Local Council of Bratislava opened the floor to the discussion with the citizens and involvement of the citizens in commenting on three alternatives of the plan. The discussions were prepared in 4 thematic blocks (environment, transport, housing and social infrastructure), as well as in relation to the particular problems of each of 17 municipalities of the city of Bratislava. Szentendre,

13 The Local Council of Bratislava has been extremely interested in communication with its citizens and therefore in the process of commenting on the planning documentation it has developed special instruments and activities to increase the level of information of the citizens and to give the floor to an open dialogue with the NGOs and the citizens. They organised more than 30 public hearings and after collecting and summarising all the comments, they organised the meetings to discuss the proposals how to deal with the comments and which alternative of the local plan to choose and review from the point of view of the public. Strategic decision on the choice of the best alternative was taken in the process of approvement of the local plan and the most active NGO in the process of commenting on the alternatives of the local plan was the Bratislava Nature Protection Association. Lessons and recommendations The implementation of SEA into land-use planning should be the strategic interest of all societal spheres, it means the social level as well as the economic basis and SEA requires an adequate attention not only in theoretical and methodological field but in practice too. The SEA implementation in land-use planning is extremely important. Considering SEA, the following should be taken into account: it should not only point out the limitation factors but their possibilities and location as well, the processes of land-use planning themselves, SEA should be focused on the assessment of synergic effects and not on the addition of partial effects. Based on the experience, several implications for future actions should be stressed: To make the integration of SEA and spatial planning processes more efficient, the integration has to be initiated in the very beginning of land-use planning process, at the stage when spatial plan goals are being established, not at the stage where the draft plan is already available. On one hand it happens before the final plan is issued but on the other hand once the aims of the plan are set in a way that they do not reflect the sustainability as a general goal, then it is difficult for SEA to improve the decision making process effectively. SEA should be linked to the tiered approach at the different levels of land-use planning not only in the form of procedural link but also in the form of methodological link. It means that different level of detail and relevant data should be employed for each appropriate land-use planning level. Sustainability goals that were determined in Bratislava city development strategy were too general to be effectively detailed in local land use plan without having completed Local agenda 21. Szentendre,

14 References BELCÁKOVÁ, I., FINKA, M., Metodika k implemenetácii 35 zákona NR SR c. 127/1994 Z.z. na hodnotenie územnoplánovacej dokumentácii (Methodology to Implementation of environmental assessment on land-use planning documentation in the Slovak Republic of 35 of the EIA Act No. 127/1994 ), manuscript, FA STU Bratislava. BELCÁKOVÁ, I., FINKA, M., Perspektívy strategického hodnotenia vplyvov na životné prostredie na Slovensku (Perspectives of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Spatial Planning in Slovakia), Životné prostredie, XXX, 1, pp FINKA, BELCÁKOVÁ et al. 1997: Návrh zásad vykonávacej vyhlášky pre implementáciu casti 35 Zákona NR SR c. 127/1994 Z.z. o posudzovaní vplyvov na životné prostredie, venovanej hodnoteniu ÚPD (Proposal of Executive Regulation Principles for 35 of EIA Act), Centrum EIA Slovakia, Bratislava BELCÁKOVÁ, I., FINKA, M., 1999: Environmentálne hodnotenie územnoplánovacej dokumentácie (Environmental Assesment of Land-Use Planning Documentation), In: Životné prostredie, 33, 4, pp BELCÁKOVÁ, I., 2001: New Trends of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Land-Use Planning. PhD thesis (in Slovak), 127pp. KOZOVÁ, M., SPÁCILOVÁ, R., HUBA, M. et al Metodická prírucka k hodnoteniu návrhov rozvojových koncepcií z hladiska ich vplyvov na životné prostredie (zákon NR SR c. 127/1994 Z.z. 35) Methodological Introductory Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Policies, Programmes and Plans (Slovak EIA Act Nr. 127/1994 Z.z., 35), MŽP SR, Bratislava, 86 pp. KOZOVÁ, M., ÚRADNÍCEK, Š., HUBA,M., BUTKOVSKÁ,K., ANTALOVÁ, S., IRA, V. et al., 1996: Strategické environmentálne hodnotenie (SEA) ako jeden z nástrojov environmentálnej politiky a stratégie trvaloudržatelného rozvoja (Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as One of Instruments of Environmental Policy and Strategy of Sustainable Development Implementation, 1.2,3. part and Annexes. EIA Centre at KKE PRIF UK, MZP SR Bratislava. KOZOVÁ, M., BUTKOVSKÁ, K., VRBENSKÝ,R., ANTALOVÁ, S., 1999: Environmental Assessment of Principal Development Policies ( 35 of the EIA Act No. 127/1994.). KKE PRIF UK, MZP SR, 73 pp and Annexes. Szentendre,

15 KOZOVÁ, M., FINKA,M., BELCÁKOVÁ,I., PETRÍKOVÁ,D., 2000: Methodological Principles for Execution of regulation to 35 of the EIA Act Nr. 127/1994 Z.z., PRIF UK and FA STU, 81pp. and Annexes. KRUMPOLCOVÁ, M, KALINOVÁ,Ž, KOZOVÁ,M, ÚRADNÍCEK, Š., BUTKOVSKÁ, K., KRÁLIK,J., VAŠKOVIC,P., 1997: Dalšie overovanie a upresnovanie metodických postupov pre environmentálne hodnotenie územnoplánovacej dokumentácie na regionálnej a sídelnej úrovni v zmysle 35 zákona NR SR c. 127/1994 Z.z. o posudzovaní vplyvov na ŽP (Further Examination and Precision for Environmental Assessment of Planning Documentation at the Regional and Local Levels with regard to 35 of the EIA Act Nr. 127/1994 )., MZP SR, Bratislava, 54pp. and Annexes. KRUMPOLCOVÁ,M., KRUMPOLEC,V., 1998: Upresnenie metodických postupov pre environmentálne hodnotenie územnoplánovacej dokumentácie v zmysle 35 zákona NR SR c. 127/1994 Z.z. o posudzovaní vplyvov na ŽP pre sídelný útvar, (Precision of Methodological Procedures for Environmental Assessment of Planning Documentation for Settlements with regard to 35 of the EIA Act No. 127/1994), 43p., MŽP SR Bratislava. Szentendre,