Chapter 1 Introduction. Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
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1 Chapter 1 Introduction Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
2 Ptolemäus ( b.c.) Kopernicus ( ) Kepler ( ) Newton ( ) Kant ( ) Herschel ( ) Einstein (1917) Friedmann (1922) Lemaître (1927) Some history antropocentric view; earth = centre of the universe earth and planets orbit the sun elliptical orbits laws of gravity Milky Way = island of stars Milky Way is disk-like GRT; gravitation curved space-time, i.e. matter distorts space-time; first triumph: light deflection by sun (1919) static & expanding solutions of Einstein's field equations Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
3 Hubble (1929) Some history discovery of cosmic expansion Oort (1932) Zwicky (1933) Dark Matter in Coma Cluster of galaxies Gamow (1948) Penzias & Wilson (1965) formation of light elements in the universe; prediction of CMB as relict of BB discovery of 3K CMB COBE (1992) WMAP (2003) CMB spectrum is perfectly Planckian; anisotropy of CMB is T/T 10-5 DM on cosmic scales power spectrum of CM; "precision cosmology"; detection of CMB polarization Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
4 Galaxies stars 10 5 light years diameter a few thousand galaxies a few Mpc diameter Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
5 The Hubble Deep Field the Hubble Space Telescope 140" of total sky ~ 3500 galaxies! Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
6 Isotropy 2dF redshift survey ~ galaxies NRAO 5 GHz radio survey ~ radio sources Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
7 Redshift emission-line spectra of galaxies; white arrow indicates location of H + K lines of calcium Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
8 Hubble diagramme Old (top) and new (right) version of the Hubble diagram Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
9 Age and size of universe cosmic age versus redshift light travel time versus redshift Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
10 CMB Penzias & Wilson with horn antenna Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
11 CMB CMB spectrum CMB anisotropies top: bottom: measured by Boomerang expected for closed (left) flat (middle) open (right) universe Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
12 Isotropy radio sources probe large scales Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
13 Homogeneity & Isotropy a homogeneous, but anisotropic universe... an isotropic, but inhomogeneous universe... Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
14 Relevant constants, quantities, and units Quantity Symbol Value speed of light c cm s -1 light year ly cm parsec pc cm solar luminosity L erg s -1 solar mass M g Hubble parameter H hkm s -1 Mpc -1 normalized h 0.71 ± 0.07 Planck constant h erg s gravitational constant G cm 3 g -1 s -2 Boltzmann constant k erg K -1 Stefan-Boltzmann const. σ erg cm -2 s -1 K -4 proton mass m p g electron mass m e g critical density ρ c h 2 g cm -3 i.e. 11 h 2 protons m -3 Planck mass m pl g Planck time t pl s Planck length l pl cm 2 = 3 H0 ρc 8 π G h = 2π c G Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS m pl l pl t pl h = 2π c h = 2π c 3 5 G G
15 Cosmological distance ladder cosmological distance ladder from ~1 pc through >1 Gpc note: supernovae (Type Ia) now (2004) reach out to z = 1.7! Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
16 Spectroscopic parallax Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
17 Supernovae Ia Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
18 SN Ia as distance indicators top: SN Ia light curves superimposed to same distance left: raw light curves Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
19 Big Bang History Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
20 BB inside-out Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
21 BB outside-in Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology SS
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