The Significance and Role of GIS and CSDI in Smart City Development

Transcription

1 The Significance and Role of GIS and CSDI in Smart City Development Dr. Kenneth Tang Immediate Past President, HKGISA Chairman, Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Committee, Smart City Consortium 20 June 2018

2 a process by which cities become more liveable, resilient and able to respond to new challenges the use of information & communication technology to make infrastructure and public service interactive What is a Smart City? No universal definition World Bank: Technology-intensive city A city that cultivates a better relationship between citizens and governments by technology Ultimate goal: to improve Quality of Living Key Aspects of Smart City (Source: Smart City Consortium) 3

3 Informed decision-making is a necessary but not sufficient condition for Informed Decision-making Smart City Development Enhanced breadth and depth of information Breadth: comprehensive understanding of site s social and physical contexts Depth: detailed information (attributes) at multiple scales Comprehensive and in-depth feasibility and costbenefit analysis at project planning stage Reduced uncertainty in project implementation 21

4 DATA (ingredients) TECHNOLOGY (recipes, cooking methods) POLICY (restaurant TALENT (good cook) management) 9

5 2014 Policy Address Establishment of Innovation & Technology Bureau (ITB) Budget Release of gov t data in machine-readable digital formats 2015 Policy Address Kowloon East as pilot area for smart city development by Central Policy Unit Smart City Policy in HK Policy Address ITB to formulate digital framework and standards for smart city High-level direction and planning in the application of technologies (e.g. by Planning Department GIS) by Development Bureau (DEVB) Policy Address DEVB to study CSDI development ITB to publish smart city blueprint 2017 Policy Address Establishment of Steering Committee on Innovation & Tech. Inter-agency coordination Platform for data sharing Financial incentives (e.g. funding) by ITB 12

6 DATA Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) TECHNOLOGY GIS BIM AI VR.. 9

7 GIS and Smart Cities: What is GIS? How is it related to Smart City? 2

8 What is the capability of GIS? Everything is GIS Location of every object (including human being and environmental objects) can be identified by X/Y/Z coordinates with a temporal scale Relationship between objects can be analysed and presented by GIS Examples: books of a library, buildings of a city 2 major capabilities: spatial data analysis and presentation GIS is a tool to "make sense of spatial data and essential for making informed decisions Concept of GIS (source: hillnotes.files.wordpress.com) 4

9 Overlay Analysis (source: innovativegis.com) 3 Key Types of Analysis Overlay analysis Integrated analysis Buffer Analysis (source: desktop.arcgis.com/) e.g. weighted analysis of land use suitability Buffer analysis Proximity e.g. the availability of public service within a certain buffer distance of a site (500m from railway station) Network analysis Indoor/outdoor navigation (car/people) e.g. the shortest route from a site to an expressway Buffer Analysis (source: telus.net) Network Analysis (source: desktop.arcgis.com/) 6

10 2D Map (source: gis-studio.nl) Key Types of Presentation 2D Maps 3D Visualisation (source: gislounge.com) Conventional presentation of spatial data 3D Geo-design and Visualisation 3D model of a city or structure Simulate development scenario Interactive Presentations (e.g. StoryMap) Engage users to facilitate interaction StoryMap (source: matsutc.org) 7

11 Example: PPGIS for Flood Risk Management in UK Report of disasters Pinpointing an exact location to minimise communication flaws A thread-format discussion forum for citizens to refer to posts on similar issues A platform for government to communicate local disaster-related information to citizens PPGIS for reporting incidents (Source: White et al. (2010)) Visual evaluation of policy alternatives Identified benefits: More personal responsibility (sense of citizenship) Increased locally-specific data Wider endorsement of decisions Threaded layout for reviewing similar incidents (Source: White et al. (2010)) Reference: White, I., Kingston, R. & Barker, A. (2010). Participatory geographic information systems and public engagement within flood risk management. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 3(4),

12 SDI and Smart Cities: What is SDI? How is it related to Smart City? 2

13 What is Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)? It is a coordinated series of agreements on technology standards, institutional arrangements, and policies that enable the discovery and use of geospatial information by users and for purposes other than those it was created for (Kuhn 2015) 9

14 Spatial Data Infrastructure 8 V s of Big Data (source: m-brain.com) (SDI) Multiple Data Sources for GIS (source: blog.rankwatch.com) Critical component of GIS Characteristics of the era of Big Data Increased volume Increased variety Produced within short intervals Unstructured datasets Common Spatial Data Infrastructure (CSDI) for integrated management and dissemination of spatial data GIS + CSDI > high-quality output for decisionmaking 10

15 Use of Drone for GIS Data Collection (source: sensefly.com) Data-Related Technologies Innovation in data collection by sensors Drones, beacons, mobile signals, etc. Innovation in data storage and processing Cloud storage Concept of FOG (source: blog.rankwatch.com) Cloud GIS FOG Technology Processing takes place in a data hub or smart mobile device The distributed approach grows in popularity due to the great amount of data generated by IoT and sensors 11

16 Example: Los Angeles GeoHub Integration of 40+ government departments technical system to form a centralised platform Everyone as data contributor and user Data comprehensiveness and accuracy > clear identification of possible benefits and obstacles of each project Location of road works displayed on StreetWize (Source: City of Los Angeles) StreetWize: indication of location of road works A user-friendly layout for users to look for data (Source: City of Los Angeles) 22

17 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Development in Hong Kong Government s strong commitment to establish a CSDI Innovation and Technology Bureau (ITB) has launched a number of projects for implementing a CSDI Office of the Government Chief Information Officer (OGCIO) is exploring means to align and integrate spatial data The Hong Kong Science and Technology Park (HKSTP) has set up an Open Data Studio to provide communication channels for stakeholders to share and exchange datasets 9

18 Future Outlook CSDI Collaboration of public and private sectors Application-driven Data accuracy and timeliness Centralised vs distributed database Data privacy issues GIS Promotion of technologies through education (STEM) Integration of technologies (e.g. BIM) Grooming of talents (e.g. training and competition) 9

19 Example: Construction Project with BIM-GIS Integration An URA project in Tai Kok Tsui Modelling of Cityscape after Construction (Source: Yau Lee Holdings Ltd.) Construction in densely-developed old urban area BIM-GIS integration for solar study BIM-GIS integration for community impact evaluation Solar Study for the Site (Source: Yau Lee Holdings Ltd.) Analysis at Community Scale (Source: Yau Lee Holdings Ltd.) 16

20 Example: Combination AI and GIS to Predict Market Demand (Forbes, May 2018) Companies replying on traditional methods to plan and deliver products could not keep pace with the changing market demand Location intelligence through application of GIS allows merchants to visualize and analyze specific customer behavior where and when they occur. e.g. During the flu season, a pharmacy or supermarket could make use of AI and GIS based on when and where the outbreaks occur, combined with environmental conditions to predict purchasing demand in the upcoming days and weeks. By analysing the pattern of buying behaviour, in-store and online, companies can channel the right merchandise to the right locations 16

21 Grooming of Talents GIS Education for the Next Generation (source: cie.hkbu.edu.hk) Technical know-how and awareness of the new generation (e.g. STEM, Young Scholar Award) Firms awareness of the possible benefits brought by geospatial technology Effective and efficient government policies 13

22 Grooming of Talents Winner of 2017 Young Scholar Award (HK) Kenneth Wong An Example of Noise Impact Analysis

23 Grooming of Talents Winner of 2018 YSA (HK) Frankie Choy An Example of Public Transport Study

24 Conclusion GIS and SDI are major pillars for smart city development Essential components of smart city development: data, technology, policy support and talents 29

25 Thank you 8