Prof. Dr. Yong-Su Na (32-206, Tel )

Transcription

1 Fusion Recto Technology I (459.76, 3 Cedits) Pof. D. Yong-Su N (3-6, Tel )

2 Contents Week 1. Mgnetic Confinement Week -3. Fusion Recto Enegetics Week 4. sic Tokmk Plsm Pmetes Week 5. Plsm Heting nd Confinement Week 6. Plsm Equilibium Week 8. Pticle Tpping in Mgnetic Fields Week 9-1. Plsm Tnspot Week 11. Enegy Losses fom Tokmks Week 1. The L- nd H-modes Week Tokmk Opetion

3 Contents Week 1. Mgnetic Confinement Week -3. Fusion Recto Enegetics Week 4. sic Tokmk Plsm Pmetes Week 5. Plsm Heting nd Confinement Week 6. Plsm Equilibium Week 8. Pticle Tpping in Mgnetic Fields Week 9-1. Plsm Tnspot Week 11. Enegy Losses fom Tokmks Week 1. The L- nd H-modes Week Tokmk Opetion 3

4 Objectives of the Tokmk Opetion High <n e >/n GW High β N High H 98 (y,) Pulse length 4

5 Objectives of the Tokmk Opetion I p (MA) D α P NI (MW) H 98 (y,) Even n Odd n β N H 98 (y,) <n e >/n GW 4xl i <n e >/n GW Time (s) High <n e >/n GW High β N High H 98 (y,) Pulse length

6 Cylindicl nd locl coodintes fo tokmk Aspect tio: R / ~ 3-5 ex) KSTAR: 3.6, ITER: 3.1 6

7 Seption of plsm fom wll by limite nd diveto Stike point Advntge of the diveto configution - Fist contct with mteil sufce t distnce fom plsm boundy - Reducing the influx of ionized i impuities iti into the inteio i of the plsm by diveting them into n oute SOL 7

8 Plsm equilibium pmetes Elongtion: k Tingulity: d Squeness: ζ 8

9 Plsm equilibium pmetes Elongtion Tingulity κ b δ c + d 9

10 Plsm equilibium pmetes Oute nd inne squeness: ζ o,i Wht is the squeness? R Z R + cos( θ + sin κ sin( θ + ζ o, i 1 sin θ ) δ sin θ ) 1

11 Plsm equilibium pmetes Pmetes KSTAR ITER Plsm shpe Mjo Rdius, R Mino Rdius, Plsm Cuent, I P Elongtion, κ x Tingulity, δ x Tooidl Field, Pulse Length Fuel 1.8 m.5 m. MA T 3 s H, D 6. m. m 15 MA T 5 s D, T 11

12 et plsm pessue mgnetic pessue β μ p / The tio of the plsm pessue to the mgnetic field pessue A mesue of the degee to which the mgnetic field is holding non-unifom plsm in equilibium. 1

13 et μni π β μ p / The powe output fo given mgnetic field nd plsm ssembly is popotionl to the sque of bet. In ecto it should exceed.1 economic constint 13

14 et Assuming tht the mgnetic sufces hve concentic, cicul CXs nd tht conditions e independent of. p pds / ds μ j π p( ) d π 1 ( ) μ, μ θ j θ I p Ampèe s lw π j d π / μ θ j ( ') ' d' μ π β t μ I p μ 8 p, β p θ p p 14

15 Nomlized bet stbility limit β N βt I p t Fundmentl elements fo the β N -limit 1. Cuent pofile. Pessue pofile 3. Plsm shpe 4. Stbilising wll 5. Resistive instbility 15

16 Nomlized bet stbility limit High β N in KSTAR 1. Stong plsm shping. Pssive stbilizes 3. PF/CS system cpbility 4. High heting powe 5. RWM contol coils 16

17 Sfety fcto q numbe of tooidl obits pe poloidl obit θ + μ θ j ( ') ' d' Mgnetic field lines Mgnetic flux sufces q numbe of tooidl windings numbe of poloidl l windings 17

18 Sfety fcto q numbe of tooidl obits pe poloidl obit q-pofile seline scenio Advnced scenio Hybid scenio q Nomlised dius 18

19 sic Tokmk Vibles sic Tokmk Vibles sic Tokmk Vibles Sfety fcto q numbe of tooidl obits pe poloidl obit ε ) ( Lge spect tio tokmk with cicul CX Genel definition θ θ μ ε d j s s R q ' ' ') ( ) ( ds R q θ π ε I j q d j s R p ) (, Integl is long closed pth enclosing the mino xis nd lying on specific mgnetic θ θ μ π μ q j j R I R q p,, Deive this! y g p g sufce; thus q is sufce quntity. μ μ j q R j q q R j, Homewok Cuent pofile pekedness j q p p 19

20 Z-effective: convenient mesue of the extent to which the plsm contminted n e Z eff nsz s, ne n sz s s s Z s : chge numbe fo the s-type ion Z eff 1 in pue hydogen plsm Method to detemine Z eff -Impuity concenttion detemined by nlyzing esonnce line intensities in the vcuum UV, supplemented by mesuements of soft X-y spect; this dt, coupled with theoy fo ioniztion tes - visible emssthlung dition - Spitze s fomul fo the pllel esistivity

21 Enegy confinement time Tempetue Time 1

22 Enegy confinement time Tempetue 1/e Time τ E τ E is mesue of how fst the plsm looses its enegy. The loss te is smllest, τ E lgest if the fusion plsm is big nd well insulted.

23 Enegy confinement time W pds k ( nete + niti ) d π ~ totl theml enegy in the tous totl het flux dition enegy loss te ( ρu) { ( ρhvd + Q )} j E L ( ρu p, ρh t intenl (lnw ) + enegy * R t τ E τ E τ E W * W R W τ E E E, τ, τ 5 pvd + Q j E d Ld p) enthlpy density Enegy confinement time Enegy eplcement time Rdition loss time 3

24 Enegy confinement time τ E In stedy conditions, W W W stoed enegy neglecting dition loss, W W W P Pin pplied heting powe Ohmic heting eplced by * in τ t t totl input powe E To pedict the pefomnce of futue devices, the enegy confinement time is one of the most impotnt pmete. Since tokmk tnspot is nomlous, empiicl scling lws fo enegy confinement e necessy. Empiicl scling lws: egession nlysis fom vilble expeimentl dtbse. τ fit th, E CI αi α P αp n αn M αm R αr ε αε κ ακ in engineeing vibles 4

25 Enegy confinement time τ IP 98( y, ) th,e I P n M R ε κ τ E in KSTAR nd ITER? Why should ITER be lge? 5

26 Pticle confinement time ne 1 + ( nevd ) t S e ( ) electon numbe density souce τ τ * p τ p p n [ n v ] e e In stedy stte d D pticle confinement time *, τ p n e d S e d pticle eplcement time 6

27 Momentum confinement time t 1 ( ρv ) + ( ρv v ) + Π F b Momentum eqution hving the tooidl component τ τ * τ In stedy stte H Π d + Tooidl momentum confinement time [ ρv v ] H π R *, τ, H ρv em toque Fb d Tooidl momentum eplcement time H d 7

28 Momentum confinement time Tooidl ngul momentum confinement time of theml pticles duing NI vesus simultneously mesued enegy confinement time fo stedy stte L-mode nd ELMy H-mode dischges (cosses), nd fo tnsient ELM fee phse of hot ion H-mode dischges (sques) in JET 8

29 Intinsic ottion J. E. Rice et l, Nucl. Fusion (7) 9