Using an Electron Cooler for Space Charge Compensation in the GSI Synchrotron SIS18 William D. Stem Oliver Boine-Frankenheim
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1 Using an Electron Cooler for Space Charge Compensation in the GSI Synchrotron SIS18 William D. Stem Oliver Boine-Frankenheim April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 1
2 Outline Motivation: FAIR high-intensity upgrades Space-charge tune shift as an intensity-limiting factor Electron lens tune shift compensation Resonance stopband analysis Short comment on charge exchange Some preliminary experimental results (taken last week!) Outlook April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 2
3 Outline Motivation: FAIR high-intensity upgrades Space-charge tune shift as an intensity-limiting factor Electron lens tune shift compensation Resonance stopband analysis Short comment on charge exchange Some preliminary experimental results (taken last week!) Outlook April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 3
4 High-Intensity at FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR experiments require high-intensity secondary beams Final intensities to reach above uranium ions per cycle April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 4
5 Space-Charge Tune Shift in FAIR Beams The space-charge-induced incoherent tune shift sets a restrictive intensity limit on beams., 2 GSI FAIR reference Particle: U 28+ E, injection 11.4 MeV/u N 2.0e11 B f 0.3, 150,50 mm-mrad Tune Spread:,, 0.25 W.T. Weng, AIP Conf. Proc., V.D. Shiltsev, Electron Lenses for Super-Colliders, 2016, 0.25,0.45 April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 5
6 Electron Lenses E lens tune shift (co-propagating): 1 2 Items we are addressing: o How many do we need? o What is the percentage of tune shift each lens compensator should produce? o Half integer resonances o Effect on both the incoherent (single particle) and coherent (envelope) stop bands o Ionization and capture cross sections/ beam lifetimes for heavy ions o Pulsed electron beam for bunch compensation (future) e - gun Interaction Region April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 6 e - collector
7 Electron Lenses E lens tune shift (co-propagating): 1 2 Items we are addressing: o How many do we need? o What is the percentage of tune shift each lens compensator should produce? o Half integer resonances o Effect on both the incoherent (single particle) and coherent (envelope) stop bands o Ionization and capture cross sections/ beam lifetimes for heavy ions o Pulsed electron beam for bunch compensation (future) e - gun Interaction Region April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 7 e - collector
8 Electron Lenses E lens tune shift (co-propagating): 1 2 e- gun Items we are addressing: o What is the percentage of tune shift each lens compensator can produce? 4 Interaction Region o Focusing error instabilities and required number of compensators o Effect on both the incoherent (single particle) and coherent (envelope) stop bands e- collector o Ionization and capture cross sections/ beam lifetimes o Pulsed electrons for bunch compensation (future) April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 8
9 Electron Lens Concept, ions April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 9
10 Electron Lens Concept,,,, ions, April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 10
11 Electron Lens Concept,,,, ions, Match transverse profiles April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 11
12 Electron Lens Concept,,,, ions, Match transverse profiles Center ion beam in lens or suffer closed orbit distortion April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 12
13 Electron Lens Concept,,,, ions, Match transverse profiles Center ion beam in lens or suffer closed orbit distortion Match longitudinal bunch profiles (pulsed electron beam) April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 13
14 Outline Motivation: FAIR high-intensity upgrades Space-charge tune shift as an intensity-limiting factor Electron lens tune shift compensation Resonance stopband analysis Short comment on charge exchange Some preliminary experimental results (taken last week!) Outlook April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 14
15 Coherent Stopbands, Envelope Equations Start Somewhere: Simple Studies κ 2 0 κ 2 0 SIS18, FODO Y. April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 15
16 Coherent Stopbands, Envelope Equations Start Somewhere: Simple Studies κ 2 0 κ 2 0 SIS18, FODO Y. What happens when we add an electron lens every cell? April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 16
17 Coherent Stopbands, Envelope Equations No Compensation April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 17
18 Coherent Stopbands, Envelope Equations Half No Compensation April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 18
19 Coherent Stopbands, Envelope Equations Half Full No Compensation April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 19
20 Single Particle Resonance Stopbands (Orbit Instabilities) Number of compensators needed depends on the stability criterion: 1 SIS18, U 28+ Full Compensation 1 cos 2 sin 1 2 / Edwards & Syphers 2 April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 20
21 Single Particle Resonance Stopbands (Orbit Instabilities) 28+ SIS18, U Number of compensators needed cos. depends on the stability criterion: 1 2 sin 2 1 / Edwards & Syphers 1 April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 2 21
22 Outline Motivation: FAIR high-intensity upgrades Space-charge tune shift as an intensity-limiting factor Electron lens tune shift compensation Resonance stopband analysis Short comment on charge exchange Some preliminary experimental results (taken last week!) Outlook April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 22
23 Cross Sections and Beam Lifetimes Ion: U 28+ Mechanism: Ionization from free electrons T. Peter and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, PRA, April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 23
24 Outline Motivation: FAIR high-intensity upgrades Space-charge tune shift as an intensity-limiting factor Electron lens tune shift compensation Resonance stopband analysis Short comment on charge exchange Some preliminary experimental results (taken last week!) Outlook April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 24
25 Benchmarking Experiments in the SIS-18 Goals: Measure coherent tune shift as a function of electron density and compare with experiment Measure the effect of the beam offset on the closed orbit Measure beta beat onset as a function of electron density in the cooler April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 25
26 Benchmarking Experiments in the SIS-18 Goals: Measure coherent tune shift as a function of electron density and compare with experiment Measure the effect of the beam offset on the closed orbit Measure beta beat onset as a function of electron density in the cooler April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 26
27 Benchmarking Experiments Electron Cooler Parameters 6.6 kev ,3, 8.0,15.0 m June 27, m July 2, 2016 Xe A C MeV/u mm-mrad 40.2 mm-mrad 6.78 MeV/u 15.5 mm-mrad, 4.32,3.25, 4.32, mm-mrad April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 27
28 Experimental Procedure o Low intensity beam at injection energy (<5 turn stacking), 6.7,9.2 o Measure ion current to approximate SC tune shift (should be negligible!) o Measure beam profiles with Residual Gas Monitor (RGM) to get emittances o Measure tune as a function of electron density o Used Schottky and Base Band Tune (BBQ) measurement April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 28
29 Tune Space Franchetti, HB Proceedings 2008 (0,3,10) (3,0,13) April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 29
30 Tune Space (0,3,10) (3,0,13) April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 30
31 (Preliminary) Experimental Results! April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 31
32 (Preliminary) Experimental Results! April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 32
33 Conclusions and Outlook Conclusions: We are using the SIS-18 in concert with simulation tools to determine the number of electron lenses for high-intensity space charge compensation Instabilities/resonances uncovered in the incoherent and coherent stopbands need to be prevented for electron lens commissioning One compensator could only (very) partially compensate for space charge. The study will indicate the number needed for full compensation Ionization in the SIS18 electron cooler doesn t seem to play a major role in beam lifetime for the ionization-dominated reference particle U 28+ Future Goals: Beta beat and closed orbit analysis of data taken Saturday, July 2nd (5 days ago!), Collaboration with V. Chetvertkova and G. Franchetti Study of the incoherent beam physics with pyorbit PIC simulations. Compare results to experiment to determine how many electron lenses are needed for compensation Pulsed electron lens beam to match longitudinal beam profile CRYRING experiments for future space-charge compensation experiments and benchmarking April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 33
34 CRYRING April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 34
35 Acknowledgements and References Experiment Team Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Rahul Singh, Christina Dimopoulou, Markus Steck, Sabrina Appel, Ivan Karpov References M. Aiba, M. Chanel, U. Dorda, R. Garoby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, Proc. of the Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC) 2007 A.V. Burov, Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago (2001) V. Shiltsev et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB (2008) V. Litvinenko, G.Wang, Phys. Rev. ST-AB R. Singh, Ph.D. Dissertation, TUD (2014). April 2016 TU Darmstadt Schlossgartenstraße 8 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder William Stem 35
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