Application of smart materials in energy recovery. Energy harvesting
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1 Application of smart materials in energy recovery. Energy harvesting Jerzy Kaleta Daniel Lewandowski Przemysław Wiewiórski Rafał Mech Krzysztof Kot Trzebnica, 3 6 th September 2013 APPLICATION OF SMART MATERIALS IN ENERGY RECOVERY. ENERGY HARVESTING Jerzy Kaleta, Daniel Lewandowski, Przemysław Wiewiórski, Rafał Mech, Krzysztof Kot Institute of Materials Science and Applied Mechanics ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, Wrocław Wrocław University of Technology, Institute of Materials Science and Applied Mechanics 1
2 2 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics Outline Introduction - energy harvesting Smart magnetic materials properties and applications Energy harvesting development magnetostrictive harvestrers and examples of applications Introduction How to supply wireless sensor, microcontrollers, actuators, autonomus sytems,? Source of energy: Accumulated battery, gasoline, hydrogen,... Environment solar, wind, water, temperature gradients
3 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics 3 Idea for Mechanical Energy Harvesting How to convert free energy /vibrations idea for scavenging energy? Smart materials - cross effects Piezoelectric Giant magnetostrictive materials (Terfenol-D, NiMnGa) and magneto-mechanical effects Typical energy conversion systems Shad Roundy- Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Nodes with a Focus on Vibration-to-Electricity Conversion
4 4 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics New applications OUR INVESTIGATIONS
5 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics 5 SMART magnetic materials and adaptronic structures Research and development: Giant magnetostrictive materials (Terfenol-D, NiMgGa)., Giant magnetocaloric materials (lanthanides), Magnetorheological materials: Ferrofluids, Magnetorheological fluids, Magnetorheological composites. Giant Magnetostrictive Materials kA/m 40kA/m 60kA/m 80kA/m 100kA/m 120kA/m [-] [MPa]
6 6 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics SMART materials in energy harvesting Our ideas for energy harvesting: Physical effects: vibrations, mechanical impact. Effects in SMART Magnetic Materials: giant magnetostriction, demagnetization of neodymium magnets, change in shape (Shape memory alloys), giant magnetoresistivity Overview of WRUT magnetic energy harvesters
7 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics 7 Impulse generation energy big amount of energy at short time single shoot different than vibration/resonance method Prototype of EHD Top Core Coil Magnet F(t) => inf. u(t), i(t) max FFT time domain analize Terfenol-D rod, powder nonmagnetic magnetics coil T op C oil ferromagnetic hammer-coil reaction harvestered wave signal from impact f1 f2 dampered vibration C ore t N S NdFeB M agnet impact T L (2ms)
8 8 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics Conceptual schema of Energy Harvesting Device (EHD) External source of energy (Hammer kinetic energy) transducer i(t) I vibration shock magnetical physical effect u(t) AC/DC conditioner step up/ down conventer U load uc circuit Application of EHD for supply uc node i(t) I charge I uc PicoPower processor impact v(t) harvester u(t) AC/DC conventer (150mV Shotky diode brigde) 2,2uF 2,2uF EPCOS 1210size ultra fast charge series U Rsense 4R7 U sense uc + voltage V - monitor to acquisition system + - Current monitor ua/v uc - ATMega48V Volt supply
9 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics 9 Core composition: Terfenol-D uc supplying from impulse
10 10 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics Power and data transmission for isolated systems High pressure vessels and Structural Health Monitoring
11 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics 11 Idea of power and data transmission between actuator and harvester Configuration A<->H for closed containers
12 12 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics Idea of data transmission to Harvesting Node Tx U AT AP POWER DATA1 POWER DATA1 POWER t U U continous powering t AT AP 1kHz 25kHz 1kHz data 1 data 2 t Block diagram of the position of the transmission of electrical power and data H High voltage section High power option Actuator Piezo f Generator DDS 1 Low voltage multinode section Amplifier 1 Multinode subsystem Actuator Magnetostrictive 1 Different configuration USB µc STM32F4 ADC High impedance input f+df Generator DDS 2 transmission subsystem Tx Rx First use - frequency response scanning Software Amplifier 2 Modulator AM Demodulator AM Actuator Magnetostrictive 2 Microphone circuit Piezotransducer (option) Mechanical construction Rx Harvester stage Demodulator AM Harvester (piezo, terfenol) Power conditioner µc (low energy) Display (option) Tx Short circuit Workstation
13 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics 13 The software actuator-harvester coupled systems Real time acquired frequency response Actuator type: magnetostrictive, electrostrictive Multinode phase off, -180 deg deg Transmission F2F mode: AM, FM, PM Packed to send Recived packed Power supply µc system by ultrasonic wave on the single rail length 6m (AP->HT)
14 14 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics Power and data transmission through the aluminium wall of the high pressure vessel Power supplied floating energy harvester systems by the vibrations in the glass vessel
15 13th Summer School on Fracture Mechanics 15 Thank you for your attention
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