Changing Relationship between the Tropical Easterly Jet and the Indian summer Monsoon Rainfall: Role of Indian Ocean Warming
|
|
- Rudolph Shepherd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 44(11), November 2015, pp Changing Relationship between the Tropical Easterly Jet and the Indian summer Monsoon Rainfall: Role of Indian Ocean Warming D. Nagarjuna Rao *, Gibies George, C. T. Sabeerali, D.A. Ramu & Suryachandra. A. Rao Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune , India *[ Received 24 September 2014; revised 22 October 2014 Using long-term observational and reanalysis products, we noticed that the strength of the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) stream shows a weakening trend. Model sensitivity experiments with Atmospheric General Circulation Model (ECHAM5-AGCM) hypothesize that the weakening of the TEJ is mainly a result of the recent Indian Ocean warming and the associated with changes in the convection and circulation. Another notable feature is the weakening of the relationship between the TEJ strength and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) in recent decades and sensitivity experiments with AGCM confirm the role of the recent Indian Ocean warming in weakening this relationship. Time series of both TEJ strength and ISMR shows a decreasing trend in recent decades. However, the rate of decrease in ISMR is less compared to the decrease in TEJ strength. This seems to be because of the increases in extreme rainfall events over the Indian landmass in recent decades which can compensate the decrease in total rainfall. It suggests that the local convective rainfall events become more frequent and hence, rainfall due to large scale circulation should decrease to maintain the decreasing trend of total rainfall over Indian landmass. In short, our results indicate that the unequal rate of decrease in the ISMR and the TEJ strength in the context of the recent Indian Ocean warming breaks up the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ. [Keywords: TEJ, ISMR, Indian Ocean Warming, Climate Variability] Introduction The strong upper tropospheric Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) stream during the boreal summer season (June through September) is one of the major components of south Asian summer monsoon (ASM) circulation and whose existence was first reported by Koteswaram 8. This narrow belt of strong easterlies are prominent between 100 and 200 hpa vertical levels over ASM region with a wind speed of roughly m/s. Establishment of this jet during the early phase of the monsoon is important for the Indian summer monsoon onset. Axis of the TEJ is mainly located between 5 0 S-20 0 N in the north-south direction and its intensity is maximum during the peak monsoon month of July. Over the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean the existence of the TEJ is completely absent. Previous studies 8, 9 have shown that the upper tropospheric meridional thermal gradient that exist between the Asian land mass and Indian Ocean maintain the TEJ. Previous studies have studied the diurnal 10, intraseasonal 4, 23 and interannual variations 5 of the TEJ. The axis of the TEJ oscillates in the northsouth direction between active and break periods of monsoon rainfall 23. During active periods the axis of the TEJ is located near 5 0 N latitude and during break periods it is located around 15 0 N latitude 23. Later, Chen and Van Loon have shown that the interannual variability of the TEJ is mostly controlled by the Walker and regional Hadley circulation variations which indicate that the ENSO has a strong control over the TEJ strength 5. Intensity of the TEJ is weak (strong) during El Nino (La Nina) events 3, 14. It is also shown that the interannual variability of the TEJ and Indian summer monsoon are strongly correlated in such a way that a strong TEJ is associated with excess Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and vice versa 5, 4, 14. Using observational datasets, many previous studies have reported that the strength of the TEJ has weakened in recent decades 17,18,1,24.In addition to the intensity of the TEJ, the zonal extent of the TEJ is also weakened in recent decades 18,22.Using reanalysis/observational datasets many theories have been proposed to understand possible reasons for weakening the TEJ 17, 24, 1.Rao et al. have shown that the meridional decrease in the upper tropospheric temperature gradient over ASM region is responsible for weakening the TEJ 17. Sreekala et al. have suggested that the recent reduction in the land-sea contrast during the pre-
2 NAGARJUNA ET AL.: CHANGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TROPICAL EASTERLY JET AND THE INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL: ROLE OF INDIAN OCEAN WARMING 1679 monsoon season might be responsible for the TEJ weakening 24. Using long-term observational datasets, Abish et al. have hypothesized that the recent Indian Ocean warming and associated changes in convection would decrease the upper tropospheric temperature gradient by warming the troposphere over the Indian Ocean and it is responsible for the weakening of TEJ intensity 1. However, an extensive study with Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCM) is required to test the robustness of the above hypothesis. In this particular study, we try to understand the role of the Indian Ocean warming in weakening the TEJ using a couple of numerical experiments. Beyond focusing the weakening of the TEJ intensity, the study also investigates how the relationship between the TEJ and ISMR has changed in the recent period. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains the data, numerical model used and experimental setup. Main result of this paper is presented in section 3. Finally, a conclusion of the study is given in Section 4. Materials and Methods The monthly atmospheric temperature, zonal and meridional wind obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Predictions/National center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis for the period are used in this study 7.We have also used the monthly rainfall data for the meteorological subdivisions provided by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology via For additional verification, we have used the gridded (1 0 x1 0 ) daily rainfall data provided by the India Meteorological Department 15. In this study, we focus on boreal summer months (June through September). Upper tropospheric temperature (UTT) is calculated as the vertical average of temperature between 600 and 200 hpa levels. To study the interannual variations of TEJ intensity, we have computed the seasonal mean kinetic energy of the upper level flow (200 hpa) by averaging over the region 5 0 S-20 0 N, 30 0 E E. The 11 year running correlations between the ISMR and TEJ intensity have been used to study the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ intensity for the period The AGCM experiments are performed with the model ECHAM5, from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. It is a global atmospheric general circulation model, which we ran at T106 spectral resolution with 19 sigma levels in vertical. More details of the ECHAM5 model can be found in Roeckner et al. 16. Many earlier studies have used this model to study the response of the Indo-Pacific SSTs on the ISMR 19, 20, 21. All these aforementioned studies have shown that this model reasonably simulates the Indo-Pacific SST response and this is important because the primary aim of this particular study is to understand the response of the Indian Ocean SST warming on the relation between the ISMR and TEJ. This model is also reasonable in simulating the intensity of the TEJ during the boreal summer season compared to observations (figure not shown). Two types of AGCM runs are carried out in this study. In the non-warming run (NW run), the monthly trend is removed from the observed global SST for the period , and later half of the trend removed monthly SST is used to force the model and integrated the model from Indian Ocean warming run (IOW run) is similar to NW run except that the observed monthly SST is used in the Indian Ocean (30 0 S-30 0 N, 40 0 E E) and trend removed SSTs are used elsewhere outside the Indian Ocean. Hence, the difference of NW run from the IOW run isolates the influence of the Indian Ocean warming. Since both NW run and IOW runs are long runs (20 years), we have performed only one ensemble member integration in these runs to avoid the huge computational expense. It is found that climatological features of ensemble mean do not change from a single realization as the boundary forcing is the major forcing for long runs. Results and Discussion In this section first we show the change in the TEJ strength using long-term reanalysis products and then try to understand the role of Indian Ocean warming in weakening the TEJ intensity by carrying out SST controlled experiments with an AGCM. To represent the TEJ intensity, we have computed the seasonal mean (June through September) kinetic energy of the upper air flow (200 hpa) by averaging over the region 5 0 S-20 0 N, 30 0 E E.
3 1680 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 44, NO. 11 NOVEMBER 2015 (Fig. 1(a)) shows the interannual variations of the TEJ intensity for the period It is clear that the TEJ intensity shows a decreasing trend over last six decades. We have also plotted the spatial trend of boreal summer (JJAS) UTT for the period (Fig. 2) and it is evident that the boreal summer UTT over the Indian Ocean shows an increasing trend compared to northern latitudes where it shows a decreasing trend in most places. Fig. 1 (a) Interannual variations of TEJ intensity for the period (bars) and its trend line (black dotted line). Green line: interannual variations of Indian summer monsoon rainfall anomalies (ISMR) for the period and its trend line (green line). 1(b) Interannual variations of the extreme rainfall events (rainfall >100 mm/day) over the Indian landmass for the period The linear trend for the period is represented by the dotted line. All the trend lines are significant at 90% confidence level. This upward UTT trend over the Indian Ocean region is associated with increased SSTs (Fig. 2). These results are consistent with previous studies 17, 18, 1, 24. Using reanalysis datasets, Abish et al. have suggested that the recent Indian Ocean warming and the associated changes in the convection weaken the UTT gradient and thereby, weaken the TEJ intensity 1. However, SST forced experiments with an AGCM are required to confirm this theory. Differences between IOW run and NW run are shown in (Fig. 3) to highlight the impact of Indian Ocean warming on TEJ. It is quite clear that in response to the pronounced Indian Ocean warming, an anomalous low level moisture convergence has formed over the central equatorial Indian Ocean (Fig. 3(a)). Because of this anomalous moisture convergence, the regional Hadley circulation over ASM region has modified by producing an anomalous upward motion over the Indian Ocean and an anomalous downward motion over the Indian landmass (Fig. 3(b)). Anomalous upward (downward) limb of the regional Hadley circulation has increased (decreased) the UTT over the Indian Ocean (Asian landmass) region by enhancing (reducing) the latent heat release and thereby, weakened the meridional UTT gradient (Fig. 3(c)). It has been shown that due to low Coriolis force over the TEJ domain, a small change in the meridional thermal gradient and associated changes in the thermal wind can make large variations in the intensity of the TEJ 12. Fig. 2 Long-term trend of boreal summer (JJAS) upper tropospheric temperature in 0 C ( hpa) for the period The contours represent the SST trend in 0 C/year for the same period. Fig. 3 (a) Difference in the boreal summer (JJAS) divergent component of moisture transport in kg m-1 s-1 between the Indian Ocean warming run (IOW) and Non warming run (NW run). 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) is same as 3(a) but for the regional Hadley circulation, upper tropospheric temperature in 0 C ( hpa) and 200 hpa zonal wind in m/sec respectively.
4 NAGARJUNA ET AL.: CHANGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TROPICAL EASTERLY JET AND THE INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL: ROLE OF INDIAN OCEAN WARMING 1681 The difference of the zonal wind at 200 hpa between the IOW run and NW run is shown in (Fig. 3(d)). It is evident that the upper tropospheric zonal wind has shown a westerly anomaly in the IOW run compared to NW run (Fig. 3(d)), which means that the reduction in the upper tropospheric meridional thermal gradient has weakened the strength of TEJ considerably. These AGCM experiments confirm the role of Indian Ocean warming in weakening the strength of TEJ as suggested by Abish et al 1. Earlier studies have shown a strong association between the ISMR and TEJ intensity, because the strength of both ISMR and TEJ is maintained by the meridional upper tropospheric thermal gradient 5, 4, 14. To study this relationship for the period , we have computed the 11 year running correlation between the TEJ intensity and ISMR using reanalysis products and observational datasets and it has shown a decreasing trend for last three decades (Fig. 4). This decreasing trend suggests that the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ has weakened in recent decades. means that the model truthfully simulate the relation between the ISMR and TEJ for the period However, the simulated running correlations in the model should be viewed by considering the limitations of the existing general circulation models (GCMs). It is found that the running correlation drops significantly once we introduce the Indian Ocean warming in the model (Fig. 5) which indicates that the relation between the ISMR and TEJ is weak in the IOW run compared to NW run. The idea we put forward is that the drop in correlation between the TEJ and ISMR is due to Indian Ocean warming. This confirms that Indian Ocean warming is one of the major reasons that are responsible for weakening the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ intensity in recent decades. Fig. 4 Eleven year running correlation between the Indian summer monsoon rainfall in mm/day (ISMR) and TEJ strength in m2 /sec2 for the period The correlation values are plotted at the center of the each 11 year period. The blue line represents 90% confidence level value. To test the role of the Indian Ocean warming in weakening the relationship between the TEJ intensity and ISMR, we have compared the 11 year running correlation between the ISMR and TEJ intensity simulated in the IOW run and NW run (Fig. 5). In this study, the model integration has been performed for the period and details are discussed in section 2. In both observations and model, the 11 year running correlation between the TEJ and ISMR is insignificant for the period , which Fig. 5 Eleven year running correlation between the Indian summer monsoon rainfall in mm/day (ISMR) and TEJ strength in m2 /sec2 for the period Blue line: 11 year running correlation between the ISMR and TEJ intensity computed in the Non warming run (NW run). Red line: 11 year running correlation between the ISMR and TEJ intensity computed in the Indian Ocean warming run (IOW run). Although the numerical experiments confirm the role of the Indian Ocean warming in weakening the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ intensity, it would be interesting to know how this relationship has decreased in the context of the recent Indian Ocean warming. From the interannual variations of the ISMR and TEJ intensity, it is clear that both ISMR and TEJ intensity has shown a decreasing trend for the period (Fig. 1(a)). However, the rate of decrease in ISMR is less compared to the rate of decrease in TEJ intensity (Fig. 1(a)). An increasing trend in the extreme rainfall events (rainfall >/100 mm/day) over the ISMR region have also been shown over last six decades (Fig. 1(b)) consistent with previous
5 1682 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 44, NO. 11 NOVEMBER 2015 studies 6, 2. This increasing trend in extreme rainfall events in the warming environment can compensate the total rainfall decrease and might be one reason for the reduced rate of ISMR decrease. Mani et al. have shown that higher frequency of extreme rainfall events and increased potential instabilities resulted in decreased predictability of weather 11. It is found that extreme rainfall events arise due to the convective instabilities of the atmosphere and an increasing trend in the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and a decreasing trend in Convective Inhibition Energy (CINE) are reported in recent decades 11. Finally we conclude that the unequal rate of decrease in the ISMR and TEJ intensity in the context of recent Indian Ocean warming can lead to a weakening of the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ intensity as shown in (Fig. 4). Conclusion In this study, by using observational datasets and reanalysis products we have shown a weakening of the strength of the TEJ in recent decades consistent with previous studies. By using a couple of AGCM experiments with different SST forcing, we have confirmed the role of the Indian Ocean warming in weakening the TEJ intensity. Analysis shows that due to the recent Indian Ocean warming an anomalous low level moisture convergence produce over the Indian Ocean which in turn modulates the regional Hadley circulation by creating an anomalous upward motion over the Indian Ocean and an anomalous downward motion over the Asian landmass. As a result, the upper tropospheric temperature over the Indian Ocean region warm more compared to the troposphere over the Asian landmass by increasing or reducing the latent heat release and thereby, weaken the north-south temperature gradient. This reduced upper tropospheric thermal gradient due to Indian Ocean warming is mainly responsible for the weakening TEJ intensity in recent decades. In addition, we have also shown that the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ intensity has weakened in recent decades. We have used two SST forced AGCM experiments with ECHAM5 viz., the Indian Ocean warming (IOW) run and non warming (NW) run to confirm the role of the Indian ocean warming in weakening the relationship between the ISMR and TEJ intensity. These runs show a weakening relationship between the ISMR and TEJ in the Indian Ocean warming (IOW) run compared to the non-warming (NW) run. The unequal rate of decrease in the ISMR and TEJ intensity explains how the relation between the ISMR and TEJ intensity weakens in the context of the recent Indian warming. It is clear that both the ISMR and TEJ intensity show a decreasing trend over last six decades. However, the rate of decrease in the ISMR is less compared to the rate of decrease in TEJ intensity. It has been shown that the increasing trend in extreme rainfall events over the Indian landmass in recent decades is responsible for the reduced rate of decrease in the total rainfall. Acknowledgment Authors are grateful to Prof. B.N. Goswami, Director, IITM, for all the encouragement and support. D.Nagarjuna Rao and Gibies George acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, for the research fellowship. The authors thank NCAR for making available the NCL software. s References 1 Abish, B., Joseph, P. V., & Johannessen, O. M., Weakening Trend of the Tropical Easterly Jet Stream of the Boreal Summer Monsoon Season , Journal of Climate, 26(2013): pp Ajayamohan, R. S., & Rao. S. A., Indian Ocean dipole modulates the number of extreme rainfall events over India in a warming environment, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 86(2008): pp Arkin, P. A., The relationship between interannual variability in the 200 mb tropical wind field and Southern Oscillation, Monthly Weather Review, 110(1982):pp Chen, T. C., & Yen, M. C., Intraseasonal variations of the Tropical Easterly Jet during the 1979 Northern summer, Tellus, 43(1991): pp Chen, T. C., & van, Loon, H., Interannual variation of the tropical easterly jet, Monthly Weather Review, 115 (1987): pp Goswami, B. N., Venugopal, V., Sengupta, D., Madhusoodanan, M. S., & Xavier, P. K., Increasing Trend of Extreme Rain Events Over India in a Warming Environment, Science, 314(2006): pp Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Jenne, R., & Joseph, D., The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(1996): pp Koteswaram, P., Easterly jet stream in the tropics, Tellus, 10(1958): pp Krishnamurti, T. N., Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 28(1971): pp
6 NAGARJUNA ET AL.: CHANGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TROPICAL EASTERLY JET AND THE INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL: ROLE OF INDIAN OCEAN WARMING Krishnamurti, T. N., & Kishtawal, C. M., A pronounced continental scale diurnal mode of the Asian summer monsoon, Monthly Weather Review, 128(2000): pp Mani, N. J., Suhas, E., & Goswami, B. N., Can global warming make Indian monsoon weather less predictable?, Geophysical Research Letters, 36(2009), L08811, DOI: /2009GL Pant, G. B., & Rupa Kumar, K., Climates of South Asia, John Wiley & Sons, (1997): pp Parthasarathy, B., Munot, A. A., & Kothawale, D. R., Monthly and seasonal rainfall series for all India homogeneous regions and meteorological subdivisions: , (1995) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Research Report no: RR Pattanaik, D. R., & Satyan, V., Fluctuations of Tropical Easterly Jet during contrasting monsoons over India: A GCM Study, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 75(2000): pp Rajeevan, M., Bhate, J., Kale, J. D., & Lal, B., High resolution daily gridded rainfall data for the Indian region: analysis of break and active monsoon spells, Current Science, 91(2006): pp Roeckner, E., Bäuml, G., Bonaventura, L., Brokopf, R., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Hagemann, S., Kirchner, I., Kornblueh, L., Manzini, E., Rhodin, A., Schlese, U., Schulzweida, U., & Tompkins, A., The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5: Part 1: Model description, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie Rep. 349, (2003) Hamburg: Germany. 17 Rao, V. B., Ferreira, C. C., Franchito, S. H., & Ramakrishna, S. S. V. S., In a changing climate weakening tropical easterly jet induces more violent tropical storms over the north Indian Ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, 35(2008) L15710, DOI: /2008GL Rao, B. R. S., D. V. B. Rao., & V. B. Rao., Decreasing trend in the strength of Tropical Easterly Jet during the Asian summer monsoon season and the number of tropical cyclonic systems over Bay of Bengal, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(2004) L14103, doi: /2004GL Rao, S. A., Chaudhari, H. S., Pokhrel, S., & Goswami, B. N., Unusual central Indian drought of summer monsoon: role of southern tropical Indian ocean warming, Journal of Climate, 23(2010): pp Sabeerali, C. T., Rao, S. A., Ajayamohan, R. S., & Murtugudde, R., On the relationship between Indian summer monsoon withdrawal and Indo-Pacific SST anomalies before and after 1976/1977 climate shift, Climate Dynamics, 39(2012): pp , DOI: /s Sabeerali, C. T., Rao, S. A., George, G., Rao, D. N., Mahapatra, S., Kulkarni, A., & Murtugudde, R., Modulation of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations in the recent warming period, Journal of Geophysical Research, 119(2014) , DOI: /2013JD Sathiyamoorthy, V., Large scale reduction in the size of the Tropical Easterly Jet, Geophysical Research Letters, 32(2005) L14802, DOI: /2005GL Sathiyamoorthy, V., Pal, P. K., & Joshi, P. C., Intraseasonal variability of the Tropical Easterly Jet, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 96(2007): pp Sreekala, P. P., Bhaskara Rao, S. V., Arunachalam, M. S., & Harikiran, C., A study on the decreasing trend in tropical easterly jet stream (TEJ) and its impact on Indian summer monsoon rainfall, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, (2013) DOI: /s z.
1. Introduction. 3. Climatology of Genesis Potential Index. Figure 1: Genesis potential index climatology annual
C. ENSO AND GENESIS POTENTIAL INDEX IN REANALYSIS AND AGCMS Suzana J. Camargo, Kerry A. Emanuel, and Adam H. Sobel International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia Earth Institute, Palisades,
More informationThe Formation of Precipitation Anomaly Patterns during the Developing and Decaying Phases of ENSO
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2010, VOL. 3, NO. 1, 25 30 The Formation of Precipitation Anomaly Patterns during the Developing and Decaying Phases of ENSO HU Kai-Ming and HUANG Gang State Key
More informationThe Coupled Model Predictability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon with Different Leading Times
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2012, VOL. 5, NO. 3, 219 224 The Coupled Model Predictability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon with Different Leading Times LU Ri-Yu 1, LI Chao-Fan 1,
More informationSEASONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS RELATED TO HURRICANE ACTIVITY IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC BASIN
SEASONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS RELATED TO HURRICANE ACTIVITY IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC BASIN Jennifer M. Collins Department of Geography and Geosciences Bloomsburg University Bloomsburg, PA 17815 jcollins@bloomu.edu
More informationPotential of Equatorial Atlantic Variability to Enhance El Niño Prediction
1 Supplementary Material Potential of Equatorial Atlantic Variability to Enhance El Niño Prediction N. S. Keenlyside 1, Hui Ding 2, and M. Latif 2,3 1 Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre, University
More informationPredicting South Asian Monsoon through Spring Predictability Barrier
Predicting South Asian Monsoon through Spring Predictability Barrier Suryachandra A. Rao Associate Mission Director, Monsoon Mission Project Director, High Performance Computing Indian Institute of Tropical
More informationThe Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2015, VOL. 8, NO. 6, 371 375 The Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height HUANG Yan-Yan and
More informationWeakening relationship between East Asian winter monsoon and ENSO after mid-1970s
Article Progress of Projects Supported by NSFC Atmospheric Science doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5285-x Weakening relationship between East Asian winter monsoon and ENSO after mid-1970s WANG HuiJun 1,2* & HE
More informationOceanic origin of the interannual and interdecadal variability of the summertime western Pacific subtropical high
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L13701, doi:10.1029/2008gl034584, 2008 Oceanic origin of the interannual and interdecadal variability of the summertime western Pacific
More informationEffects Of Aerosols On Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall During El Niño
International Workshop on Atmospheric Composition and the Asian Summer Monsoon Bangkok 8th-10th June 2015 Effects Of On Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall During El Niño Suvarna Fadnavis, CHAITRI ROY, Ashok
More informationIntroduction of climate monitoring and analysis products for one-month forecast
Introduction of climate monitoring and analysis products for one-month forecast TCC Training Seminar on One-month Forecast on 13 November 2018 10:30 11:00 1 Typical flow of making one-month forecast Observed
More informationTREND AND VARIABILITY OF CHINA PRECIPITATION IN SPRING AND SUMMER: LINKAGE TO SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 24: 1625 1644 (2004) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/joc.1094 TREND AND VARIABILITY OF CHINA PRECIPITATION
More informationGeneral Circulation. Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
General Circulation Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory nili@ldeo.columbia.edu Latitudinal Radiation Imbalance The annual mean, averaged around latitude circles, of the balance between the
More informationAnalysis of variability and trends of extreme rainfall events over India using 104 years of gridded daily rainfall data
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L18707, doi:10.1029/2008gl035143, 2008 Analysis of variability and trends of extreme rainfall events over India using 104 years of gridded
More informationThe Abnormal Indian Summer Monsoon of 2002: JRA25 Reanalysis
The Abnormal Indian Summer Monsoon of 2002: JRA25 Reanalysis D. Rajan 1,2, T. Koike 2, J. Matsumoto 2 1 NCMRWF, Ministry of Earth Sciences, India 2 CEOP Lab, University of Tokyo, Japan Correspondence:
More informationEVALUATION OF BROAD SCALE VERTICAL CIRCULATION AND THERMAL INDICES IN RELATION TO THE ONSET OF INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 22: 649 661 (2002) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/joc.742 EVALUATION OF BROAD SCALE VERTICAL CIRCULATION
More informationPossible Roles of Atlantic Circulations on the Weakening Indian Monsoon Rainfall ENSO Relationship
2376 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE Possible Roles of Atlantic Circulations on the Weakening Indian Monsoon Rainfall ENSO Relationship C.-P. CHANG, PATRICK HARR, AND JIANHUA JU Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate
More informationEast-west SST contrast over the tropical oceans and the post El Niño western North Pacific summer monsoon
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 32, L15706, doi:10.1029/2005gl023010, 2005 East-west SST contrast over the tropical oceans and the post El Niño western North Pacific summer monsoon Toru Terao Faculty
More informationHigh initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37,, doi:10.1029/2010gl044119, 2010 High initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming Yuhji Kuroda 1 Received 27 May
More informationKUALA LUMPUR MONSOON ACTIVITY CENT
T KUALA LUMPUR MONSOON ACTIVITY CENT 2 ALAYSIAN METEOROLOGICAL http://www.met.gov.my DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIO Introduction Atmospheric and oceanic conditions over the tropical
More informationVertical wind shear in relation to frequency of Monsoon Depressions and Tropical Cyclones of Indian Seas
Vertical wind shear in relation to frequency of Monsoon Depressions and Tropical Cyclones of Indian Seas Prince K. Xavier and P.V. Joseph Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science
More informationEvidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM
Evidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM S K Dash Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Based on a paper entitled Projected Seasonal
More informationDecrease of light rain events in summer associated with a warming environment in China during
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L11705, doi:10.1029/2007gl029631, 2007 Decrease of light rain events in summer associated with a warming environment in China during 1961 2005 Weihong Qian, 1 Jiaolan
More informationSensitivity of summer precipitation to tropical sea surface temperatures over East Asia in the GRIMs GMP
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 1824 1831, doi:10.1002/grl.50389, 2013 Sensitivity of summer precipitation to tropical sea surface temperatures over East Asia in the GRIMs GMP Eun-Chul Chang, 1
More informationImpact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the Asian summer monsoon
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33, L24701, doi:10.1029/2006gl027655, 2006 Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the Asian summer monsoon Riyu Lu, 1,2 Buwen Dong, 3 and Hui Ding 2,4 Received
More informationThe increase of snowfall in Northeast China after the mid 1980s
Article Atmospheric Science doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5508-1 The increase of snowfall in Northeast China after the mid 1980s WANG HuiJun 1,2* & HE ShengPing 1,2,3 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Center,
More informationThe Arctic Ocean's response to the NAM
The Arctic Ocean's response to the NAM Gerd Krahmann and Martin Visbeck Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University RT 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA Abstract The sea ice response of the Arctic
More informationEstimating the intermonth covariance between rainfall and the atmospheric circulation
ANZIAM J. 52 (CTAC2010) pp.c190 C205, 2011 C190 Estimating the intermonth covariance between rainfall and the atmospheric circulation C. S. Frederiksen 1 X. Zheng 2 S. Grainger 3 (Received 27 January 2011;
More informationIntroduction of products for Climate System Monitoring
Introduction of products for Climate System Monitoring 1 Typical flow of making one month forecast Textbook P.66 Observed data Atmospheric and Oceanic conditions Analysis Numerical model Ensemble forecast
More informationDecadal variability of the IOD-ENSO relationship
Chinese Science Bulletin 2008 SCIENCE IN CHINA PRESS ARTICLES Springer Decadal variability of the IOD-ENSO relationship YUAN Yuan 1,2 & LI ChongYin 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric
More informationAbstract. 1. Introduction
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS Atmos. Sci. Let. 17: 610 615 (2016) Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/asl.710 The interannual relationship between anomalous precipitation
More informationIntroduction of Seasonal Forecast Guidance. TCC Training Seminar on Seasonal Prediction Products November 2013
Introduction of Seasonal Forecast Guidance TCC Training Seminar on Seasonal Prediction Products 11-15 November 2013 1 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Regression method Single/Multi regression model Selection
More informationRelationship between Iran Surface Pressure and India Summer Monsoon
VayuMandal 44(1), 2018 Relationship between Iran Surface Pressure and India Summer Monsoon Ramesh Kumar Yadav Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune-411008 E-mail: yadav@tropmet.res.in
More informationImpacts of Recent El Niño Modoki on Extreme Climate Conditions In East Asia and the United States during Boreal Summer
Impacts of Recent El Niño Modoki on Extreme Climate Conditions In East Asia and the United States during Boreal Summer Hengyi Weng 1, Karumuri Ashok 1, Swadhin Behera 1, Suryachandra A. Rao 1 and Toshio
More informationBaoqiang Xiang 1, Bin Wang 1,2, Weidong Yu 3, Shibin Xu 1,4. Accepted Article
How can anomalous western North Pacific Subtropical High intensify in late summer? Baoqiang Xiang 1, Bin Wang 1,2, Weidong Yu 3, Shibin Xu 1,4 1. International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii
More informationthe 2 past three decades
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2840 Atlantic-induced 1 pan-tropical climate change over the 2 past three decades 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 POP simulation forced by the Atlantic-induced atmospheric
More informationEffect of anomalous warming in the central Pacific on the Australian monsoon
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L12704, doi:10.1029/2009gl038416, 2009 Effect of anomalous warming in the central Pacific on the Australian monsoon A. S. Taschetto, 1
More informationINTERANNUAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY OVER WESTERN TANZANIA
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 5: 355 368 (5) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:./joc.93 INTERANNUAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY OVER WESTERN TANZANIA
More informationThe Indian summer monsoon during peaks in the 11 year sunspot cycle
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2012gl051977, 2012 The Indian summer monsoon during peaks in the 11 year sunspot cycle Harry van Loon 1,2 and Gerald A. Meehl 1 Received 9 April 2012;
More informationExtended winter Pacific North America oscillation as a precursor of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L11710, doi:10.1029/2009gl038453, 2009 Extended winter Pacific North America oscillation as a precursor of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall
More informationLecture 28. El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) part 5
Lecture 28 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) part 5 Understanding the phenomenon Until the 60s the data was so scant that it seemed reasonable to consider El Nino as an occasional departure from normal
More informationExamining pathways for modulation of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall by extratropical tropospheric temperature pattern
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 34: 3732 3744 (2014) Published online 21 February 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/joc.3940 Examining pathways for
More informationSeasonal Climate Outlook for South Asia (June to September) Issued in May 2014
Ministry of Earth Sciences Earth System Science Organization India Meteorological Department WMO Regional Climate Centre (Demonstration Phase) Pune, India Seasonal Climate Outlook for South Asia (June
More informationJMA s Seasonal Prediction of South Asian Climate for Summer 2018
JMA s Seasonal Prediction of South Asian Climate for Summer 2018 Atsushi Minami Tokyo Climate Center (TCC) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Contents Outline of JMA s Seasonal Ensemble Prediction System
More informationChanges in the characteristics of rain events in India
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 114,, doi:10.1029/2008jd010572, 2009 Changes in the characteristics of rain events in India S. K. Dash, 1 Makarand A. Kulkarni, 1 U. C. Mohanty, 1 and K. Prasad 1
More informationOn the Relationship between Western Maritime Continent Monsoon Rainfall and ENSO during Northern Winter
1FEBRUARY 2004 CHANG ET AL. 665 On the Relationship between Western Maritime Continent Monsoon Rainfall and ENSO during Northern Winter C.-P. CHANG Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School,
More informationInterdecadal and Interannnual Variabilities of the Antarctic Oscillation Simulated by CAM3
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2014, VOL. 7, NO. 6, 515 520 Interdecadal and Interannnual Variabilities of the Antarctic Oscillation Simulated by CAM3 XUE Feng 1, SUN Dan 2,3, and ZHOU Tian-Jun
More informationCHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS. Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage, circa 1850
CHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage, circa 185 2.1 Datasets 2.1.1 OLR The primary data used in this study are the outgoing
More informationYear-to-year variability in Hadley and Walker circulations. from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data
MINOBE S. Variability in Hadley and Walker Circulations from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis -1- Year-to-year variability in Hadley and Walker circulations from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data Shoshiro Minobe 1,2 1 Division
More informationAtmospheric circulation during active and break phases of Indian summer monsoon: A study using MST radar at Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113,, doi:10.1029/2008jd010341, 2008 Atmospheric circulation during active and break phases of Indian summer monsoon: A study using MST radar at Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2
More informationP2.11 DOES THE ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION MODULATE TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY IN THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC
P2.11 DOES THE ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION MODULATE TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY IN THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC Joo-Hong Kim*, Chang-Hoi Ho School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
More informationModulation of Eastern North Pacific Hurricanes by the Madden-Julian Oscillation
Modulation of Eastern North Pacific Hurricanes by the Madden-Julian Oscillation Eric D. Maloney* and Dennis L. Hartmann Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195-1640
More informationENSO Outlook by JMA. Hiroyuki Sugimoto. El Niño Monitoring and Prediction Group Climate Prediction Division Japan Meteorological Agency
ENSO Outlook by JMA Hiroyuki Sugimoto El Niño Monitoring and Prediction Group Climate Prediction Division Outline 1. ENSO impacts on the climate 2. Current Conditions 3. Prediction by JMA/MRI-CGCM 4. Summary
More informationPrecipitation in Nepal between 1987 and 1996
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 27: 173 1762 (27) Published online 22 March 27 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 1.12/joc.1492 Precipitation in Nepal between
More informationLecture 8. Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall
Lecture 8 Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall According to the second hypothesis, the monsoon is a manifestation of the seasonal variation of the tropical circulation
More informationMoist static energy budget diagnostics for. monsoon research. H. Annamalai
Moist static energy budget diagnostics for monsoon research H. Annamalai JJAS Precipitation and SST Climatology I III II Multiple regional heat sources - EIO and SPCZ still experience high precipitation
More informationRespective impacts of the East Asian winter monsoon and ENSO on winter rainfall in China
Click Here for Full Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115,, doi:10.1029/2009jd012502, 2010 Respective impacts of the East Asian winter monsoon and ENSO on winter rainfall in China Lian-Tong
More informationThe feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007
The feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007 Hiroshi Hasegawa 1, Yayoi Harada 1, Hiroshi Nakamigawa 1, Atsushi Goto 1 1 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological
More informationLong-Term Trend and Decadal Variability of Persistence of Daily 500-mb Geopotential Height Anomalies during Boreal Winter
OCTOBER 2009 D I N G A N D L I 3519 Long-Term Trend and Decadal Variability of Persistence of Daily 500-mb Geopotential Height Anomalies during Boreal Winter RUIQIANG DING AND JIANPING LI State Key Laboratory
More informationDeciphering the desiccation trend of the South Asian monsoon hydroclimate in a warming world
Deciphering the desiccation trend of the South Asian monsoon hydroclimate in a warming world R. Krishnan Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune Collaborators:
More informationShort Communication Impacts of tropical Indian Ocean SST on the meridional displacement of East Asian jet in boreal summer
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 32: 2073 2080 (2012) Published online 17 June 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/joc.2378 Short Communication Impacts
More informationInfluence of Indian Ocean Dipole on Poleward Propagation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations
VOLUME 21 J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T E 1 NOVEMBER 2008 Influence of Indian Ocean Dipole on Poleward Propagation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations R. S. AJAYAMOHAN* AND SURYACHANDRA A. RAO
More informationInterannual Fluctuations of the Tropical Easterly Jet and the Summer Monsoon in the Asian Region. By Minoru Tanaka
June 1982 M. Tanaka 865 Interannual Fluctuations of the Tropical Easterly Jet and the Summer Monsoon in the Asian Region By Minoru Tanaka Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Niihari-gun, Ibaraki
More informationWATER VAPOR FLUXES OVER EQUATORIAL CENTRAL AFRICA
WATER VAPOR FLUXES OVER EQUATORIAL CENTRAL AFRICA INTRODUCTION A good understanding of the causes of climate variability depend, to the large extend, on the precise knowledge of the functioning of the
More informationWhat a Hurricane Needs to Develop
Massive Storms! Hurricanes What a Hurricane Needs to Develop Warm tropical water - at least 80 F High Humidity Light wind Low Pressure Area Form between 5 and 20 latitude Hurricane Ingredients Hurricane
More informationFinal report for Project Dynamical downscaling for SEACI. Principal Investigator: John McGregor
Final report for Project 1.3.6 1.3.6 Dynamical downscaling for SEACI Principal Investigator: John McGregor CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, john.mcgregor@csiro.au, Tel: 03 9239 4400, Fax: 03 9239
More informationImpact of Zonal Movement of Indian Ocean High Pressure on Winter Precipitation over South East Australia
Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences 51 (2): 177 184 (2014) Pakistan Academy of Sciences Copyright Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 0377-2969 (print), 2306-1448 (online) Research Article Impact
More informationA High Resolution Daily Gridded Rainfall Data Set ( ) for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies
National Climate Centre Research Report No: 9/2008 A High Resolution Daily Gridded Rainfall Data Set (1971-2005) for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies M. Rajeevan and Jyoti Bhate National Climate Centre
More informationThe Planetary Circulation System
12 The Planetary Circulation System Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. describe and account for the global patterns of pressure, wind patterns and ocean currents
More informationInstability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon-ENSO Relationship in a coupled global atmosphere-ocean GCM
Instability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon-ENSO Relationship in a coupled global atmosphere-ocean GCM JIANG Dabang 1 WANG Huijun 1 DRANGE Helge 2 LANG Xianmei 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling
More informationFidelity and Predictability of Models for Weather and Climate Prediction
15 August 2013, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL Fidelity and Predictability of Models for Weather and Climate Prediction Jagadish Shukla Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences (AOES),
More informationA Multidecadal Variation in Summer Season Diurnal Rainfall in the Central United States*
174 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 16 A Multidecadal Variation in Summer Season Diurnal Rainfall in the Central United States* QI HU Climate and Bio-Atmospheric Sciences Group, School of Natural Resource Sciences,
More informationAssessment of climate change impacts on floods in an Alpine watershed
Assessment of climate change impacts on floods in an Alpine watershed Christian Dobler Abstract The present study assesses possible effects of climate change on floods in an Alpine watershed. A three-step
More informationA SUDDEN CHANGE IN SUMMER RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS IN KOREA DURING THE LATE 1970S
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 23: 117 128 (2003) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/joc.864 A SUDDEN CHANGE IN SUMMER RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS
More informationDiagnosing the Climatology and Interannual Variability of North American Summer Climate with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)
Diagnosing the Climatology and Interannual Variability of North American Summer Climate with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) Christopher L. Castro and Roger A. Pielke, Sr. Department of
More informationAnticorrelated intensity change of the quasi-biweekly and day oscillations over the South China Sea
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L16702, doi:10.1029/2008gl034449, 2008 Anticorrelated intensity change of the quasi-biweekly and 30 50-day oscillations over the South
More informationReprint 675. Variations of Tropical Cyclone Activity in the South China Sea. Y.K. Leung, M.C. Wu & W.L. Chang
Reprint 675 Variations of Tropical Cyclone Activity in the South China Sea Y.K. Leung, M.C. Wu & W.L. Chang ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Annual Review 25 Variations in Tropical Cyclone Activity in the South
More informationRecent weakening of northern East Asian summer monsoon: A possible response to global warming
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2012gl051155, 2012 Recent weakening of northern East Asian summer monsoon: A possible response to global warming Congwen Zhu, 1 Bin Wang, 2 Weihong Qian,
More informationUnusual North Atlantic temperature dipole during the winter of 2006/2007
Unusual North Atlantic temperature dipole during the winter of 2006/2007 4 J. J.-M. Hirschi National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom Over most of western Europe and generally over the
More informationENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 23 April 2012
ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 23 April 2012 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index
More informationClimate Change and Predictability of the Indian Summer Monsoon
Climate Change and Predictability of the Indian Summer Monsoon B. N. Goswami (goswami@tropmet.res.in) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune Annual mean Temp. over India 1875-2004 Kothawale, Roopakum
More informationPrimary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010
temperature anomalies by its standard deviation for JJA 2010 Primary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010 Nobuyuki Kayaba Climate Prediction Division,Japan Meteorological Agancy
More informationImpact of Eurasian spring snow decrement on East Asian summer precipitation
Impact of Eurasian spring snow decrement on East Asian summer precipitation Renhe Zhang 1,2 Ruonan Zhang 2 Zhiyan Zuo 2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University 2 Chinese Academy of Meteorological
More informationThe critical role of the boreal summer mean state in the development of the IOD
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 38,, doi:10.1029/2010gl045851, 2011 The critical role of the boreal summer mean state in the development of the IOD Baoqiang Xiang, 1,2 Weidong Yu, 2 Tim Li, 1,3 and
More informationEast China Summer Rainfall during ENSO Decaying Years Simulated by a Regional Climate Model
ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2011, VOL. 4, NO. 2, 91 97 East China Summer Rainfall during ENSO Decaying Years Simulated by a Regional Climate Model ZENG Xian-Feng 1, 2, LI Bo 1, 2, FENG Lei
More informationCPTEC and NCEP Model Forecast Drift and South America during the Southern Hemisphere Summer
CPTEC and NCEP Model Forecast Drift and South America during the Southern Hemisphere Summer José Antonio Aravéquia 1 Pedro L. Silva Dias 2 (1) Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Research National
More informationWinds and Global Circulation
Winds and Global Circulation Atmospheric Pressure Winds Global Wind and Pressure Patterns Oceans and Ocean Currents El Nino How is Energy Transported to its escape zones? Both atmospheric and ocean transport
More informationNorthern hemisphere storm tracks in strong AO anomaly winters
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS Atmos. Sci. Let. (2008) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).186 Northern hemisphere storm tracks in strong AO anomaly winters Ji Nie,* Peng Wang,
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A DOWNSCALING MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF AN 'ARTIFICIAL ICE CORE' DERIVED FROM LARGE SCALE PARAMETERS OF A 1000 YEAR GCM RUN
PRACE GEOGRAFICZNE, zeszyt 107 Instytut Geografii UJ Krak6w 2000 Traute Criiger, Hans von Storch DEVELOPMENT OF A DOWNSCALING MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF AN 'ARTIFICIAL ICE CORE' DERIVED FROM LARGE SCALE PARAMETERS
More informationUnderstanding the Global Distribution of Monsoon Depressions
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Understanding the Global Distribution of Monsoon Depressions William R. Boos PO Box 208109 New Haven, CT 06520 phone: (203)
More informationChapter 2 Variability and Long-Term Changes in Surface Air Temperatures Over the Indian Subcontinent
Chapter 2 Variability and Long-Term Changes in Surface Air Temperatures Over the Indian Subcontinent A.K. Srivastava, D.R. Kothawale and M.N. Rajeevan 1 Introduction Surface air temperature is one of the
More informationWhy do dust storms decrease in northern China concurrently with the recent global warming?
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L18702, doi:10.1029/2008gl034886, 2008 Why do dust storms decrease in northern China concurrently with the recent global warming? Congwen
More informationEl Niño, South American Monsoon, and Atlantic Niño links as detected by a. TOPEX/Jason Observations
El Niño, South American Monsoon, and Atlantic Niño links as detected by a decade of QuikSCAT, TRMM and TOPEX/Jason Observations Rong Fu 1, Lei Huang 1, Hui Wang 2, Paola Arias 1 1 Jackson School of Geosciences,
More informationAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences. Climate Change in Subtropical Jetstream during
Climate Change in Subtropical Jetstream during -0 Journal: Manuscript ID: AAS--0.R Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the Author: n/a Complete List of Authors: B, Abish Joseph, Porathur;
More informationTitle: Decadal-scale variation of South Asian summer monsoon onset and its
Title: Decadal-scale variation of South Asian summer monsoon onset and its relationship with the Pacific decadal oscillation Takeshi Watanabe 1 and Koji Yamazaki 2, 3 1 Research and Information Center,
More informationSnow water equivalent variability and forecast in Lithuania
BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 7: 457 462 ISSN 1239-6095 Helsinki 23 December 2002 2002 Snow water equivalent variability and forecast in Lithuania Egidijus Rimkus and Gintautas Stankunavichius Department
More informationA Study of Teleconnection between the South Asian and East Asian Monsoons: Comparison of Summer Monsoon Precipitation of Nepal and South Korea
Journal of Environmental Science International pissn: 1225-4517 eissn: 2287-3503 23(10); 1719~1729; October 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2014.23.10.1719 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Study of Teleconnection
More informationIntra-Seasonal Oscillation (ISO) of south Kerala rainfall during the summer monsoons of
Intra-Seasonal Oscillation (ISO) of south Kerala rainfall during the summer monsoons of 1901 1995 P V Joseph, Anu Simon, Venu G Nair and Aype Thomas Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Cochin University
More informationLecture 8: Natural Climate Variability
Lecture 8: Natural Climate Variability Extratropics: PNA, NAO, AM (aka. AO), SAM Tropics: MJO Coupled A-O Variability: ENSO Decadal Variability: PDO, AMO Unforced vs. Forced Variability We often distinguish
More informationUnderstanding Predictability and Model Errors Through Light, Portable Pseudo-Assimilation and Experimental Prediction Techniques
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Understanding Predictability and Model Errors Through Light, Portable Pseudo-Assimilation and Experimental Prediction Techniques
More information