HURRICANE MARIA PUERTO RICO ASSESSMENT FOUR & SIX MONTHS POST LANDFALL. January & March 2018

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1 HURRICANE MARIA PUERTO RICO ASSESSMENT FOUR & SIX MONTHS POST LANDFALL January & March 2018

2 CONCLUSIONS OF FIELD RECON JANUARY AND MARCH 2018 JLT Re conducted an island wide damage survey four month after landfall in January 2018, with a follow up assessment in greater San Juan six months after landfall. Common themes included: 1. Whether residential or commercial, category 4-5 winds can be sustained without major structural damage, and are likely fully operational once electric power is restored. These structures are built exceeding building code requirements and have appropriate emergency contingency plans in place. 2. Mixed construction saw poor performance in wind speeds as low as category 2. Any roofs that were not concrete performed poorly in category 3 or higher wind speeds, including wood roofs.

3 CONCLUSIONS OF FIELD RECON JANUARY AND MARCH For large commercial structures and high-rise residential, building maintenance, window type and window coverings (storm shutters) appeared to be the three largest factors governing whether or not these buildings were inhabitable. For structures not operational, it is assumed that high floor window damage led to large amounts of water intrusion, which thereafter manifested large quantities of mold. In these buildings, the repair of the structure as well as replacement of nearly all contents is a meaningful factor for extended downtime. 4. Widespread infrastructure damage, particularly to electric power utility assets outside of San Juan, was readily apparent in January. By March, although power restoration was seen across much of the island, old damaged and destroyed infrastructure remained visible. Debris accumulation and its removal is an increasingly publicized issue in Puerto Rico as well as the Virgin Islands.

4 RESIDENTIAL DAMAGE TRENDS ROOF FAILURES FREQUENT FOR OLDER CONSTRUCTION 155 mph ~Cat mph Cat mph Cat 3 Roof failures common for older, non-reinforced concrete and mixed construction residential structures. 140 mph Cat mph Cat 2

5 RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES MIXED CONSTRUCTION WERE MORE DAMAGEABLE 155mph ~Cat feet of storm surge 120 mph Cat mph Cat mph Cat 4 Newer construction with bunker style homes (see middle left) fared well even at category 4 winds. 155 mph Cat mph Cat mph Cat 3

6 GOLF COURSE & CLUB HOUSE PALMAS DEL MAR 155mph ~Cat 5 Widespread clay tile roof damage, soffit damage with roof/wall connection compromised, cladding and tree damage. 155mph ~Cat 5 155mph ~Cat 5 Storm surge of 3-4 feet at coastal areas largely undetected 4 months post landfall 155mph ~Cat 5

7 HOTELS & TALL/LARGE COMMERCIAL FARAJDO & OLD SAN JUAN 6 feet of surge Extreme variability in damage within close distance. Building maintenance and advanced preparedness appeared to be key factors in determining speed of recovery. 110 mph Cat 2 building to on top of hill

8 HOTELS OLD SAN JUAN & CONDADO BEACH 130mph Cat 3 Within 1 mile in Condado Beach, hotel damage ranged from fully operational to expectations of full limits loss with downtime expectations of 1 year. Building age and additional efforts beyond code likely play a strong role in estimating total downtime. 110 mph Cat 2

9 HIGH-RISE COMMERCIAL 10 STORIES HIGH ~ AN ADDITIONAL 25 MPH WINDS 120 mph Cat 3 120mph Cat 3 Window damage and boarded up windows both 4 and 6 months post-maria were more frequently seen at higher floors of buildings. Most buildings appeared operational if not fully repaired four months post landfall. 125 mph ~Cat 3

10 MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING HIGHEST QUALITY CONSTRUCTION FARED WELL 110 mph ~Cat 2 Heavily reinforced concrete ( bunker-style ) construction fared best with reinforced walls, concrete slab roofs, and adequate protection for windows from air missiles. Older construction saw frequent damage to higher floor balconies and building cladding. 130 mph ~Cat mph ~Cat mph ~Cat 3

11 INFRASTRUCTURE CAT 3 AND ABOVE; MAJOR DESTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE 150 mph Cat 4 Destroyed water tower 155 mph Cat 4 Category 3+ winds left downed electrical power distribution system components in most locations, particularly outside of San Juan Metro. Category 4-5 winds snapped concrete poles in half. 125 mph Cat mph Cat mph Cat mph Cat 4

12 INFRASTRUCTURE ~80% OF STOPLIGHTS ON TRIP WERE NOT FUNCTIONAL 135 mph Cat mph Cat 3 Four months after landfall, the majority of stoplights were not functional except in downtown San Juan. The majority of highway signs on the island were damaged as well as municipal infrastructure such as baseball stadiums and the San Juan Natatorium (Olympic size swimming facility). 120 mph Cat mph Cat 3

13 STORM SURGE NOT A MAJOR DRIVER OF LOSS 3-4 feet 5-6 feet 5-6 feet

14 AIR BORNE MISSILE DAMAGE COMMON AT CATEGORY 4 AND 5 WINDS 155 mph ~ Cat mph ~ Cat mph ~ Cat mph ~ Cat 3

15 GAS STATIONS NOTORIOUSLY THE MOST DAMAGEABLE STRUCTURES TO WIND 120 mph Cat mph Cat 4 While gasoline station canopies were damaged in nearly all instances, no canopies were seen completely blown over. This stands in contrast to the US where this can be seen with category 1 or 2 storms in the past 20 years. 125 mph Cat mph Cat 4

16 RETAIL WIDESPREAD INDICATIONS OF BUILDING DAMAGE 150 mph Cat mph Cat 3 Significant deterioration of retail facilities occurred beyond maximum sustained winds of 125 miles. Those exposed to high-end category 4 winds or higher were not operational. Shingle style roof on McDonalds above average damage for region. 135 mph Cat 3

17 RETAIL CLAY TILE ROOFS DAMAGE ESCALATES CAT 3 AND HIGHER 140 mph Cat mph Cat 4 Age of retail construction, roof type and shape, as well as local businesses were primary attributes in damage potential. 4 out of 6 Walgreens surveyed on the island in late January were operational. 155 mph Cat mph Cat mph Cat 2

18 PHARMA/TECHNOLOGY (LIGHT INDUSTRIAL) ON-SITE POWER GENERATION AND EQUIPMENT PREVALENT 150 mph Cat 4 Of the 10 pharmaceutical and major manufacturing facilities surveyed in late January, all were operational. Nearly half had temporary roadside power generation, water, or gasoline trucks to aid in operations.

19 PHARMA/TECHNOLOGY (LIGHT INDUSTRIAL) OPERATIONS WERE BACK ONLINE WITH SOME CAPACITY 150 mph Cat mph Cat 4 While facilities were largely operational, older construction still had building damage that had yet to be fully repaired. Multiple instances of large piles of debris from interior contents and destroyed roof equipment was prevalent on these properties.

20 INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES PRODUCTIVITY NOTED EVEN WITH DAMAGE 125 mph Cat 3 Similar to homes, any construction featuring light metal elements sustained visible if not structural damage whereas facilities with concrete roofs fared well. Full BI losses not anticipated due to recovery of individual facilities.

21 INDUSTRIAL/ENERGY WIDESPREAD DEVASTATION AT CAT 3-5 WINDS mph Cat 4 The second largest solar plant in the Caribbean, located in Humacao, sustained meaningful damage to at least 50% of solar panels. A wind farm on the southeast coast of ten wind turbines saw complete damage to the wind blades and in multiple instances will need full replacement. A petroleum tank farm in Humacao on the coast also saw one tank with meaningful damage (below right). 115 mph Cat mph ~Cat 5

22 DEBRIS REMOVAL MANY INFORMAL COLLECTIONS, PREDOMINANTLY ROOF EQUIPMENT 155 mph Cat 4 Most prevalent in commercial structures sustaining category 3 or higher while older homes without reinforced concrete construction saw meaningful damage at category 2 levels. 135 mph Cat mph Cat 4

23 MUDSLIDES AND FLOOD WINDS , HIGHER AT ELEVATION, RAINFALL

24 FIELD RECONNAISSANCE TRIP IN PUERTO RICO 607 KILOMETERS, 377 MILES Monday January 22, 2018 Tuesday January 23, 2018 Thursday January 25, 2018