WAKING UP TO NEW STRATEGIES FOR SNOW AND ICE CONTROL

Transcription

1 WAKING UP TO NEW STRATEGIES FOR SNOW AND ICE CONTROL Dewey Amsler Cornell Local Roads Program Instructor

2 WE HAVE A TREAT FOR YOU TODAY- WE VE BROUGHT IN A MOTIVATIONAL EXPERT!

3 DEWEY AMSLER Laborer and Operator HVCC (Highway Technology) Technician (NYSDOT) Engineer (NYSDOT) Program Manager (NYSDOT) Consultant Full Time Grandfather, Part Time Fisherman and Pumpkin Gardener

4 Introduction Name Job Title Agency How do you handle snow & ice control Any new techniques

5 QUESTIONS COMMENTS ITEMS YOU WANT DISCUSSED

6 Advantages of a written policy

7 Advantages of Written Policy Forced to Plan Ahead Liability Minimized All Agency on Same Page Public Understanding/Complaint Reduction

8 Developing a Snow and Ice Control Policy Participative process identify players 1. Road users 2. Police 3. Fire 4. Medical 5. Business 6. Elected officials 7. Emergency management 8. Media 9. Local citizens 10.Highway agency CTD.

9 11. School District 12. Transit 13. Auto Clubs Players Continued

10 Written Policy Content Level of Service and Why Stuck and Disabled Vehicle Policy Sidewalk and Alley Policy Parking Regulations Materials Management Plan Complaint and Follow-up System

11 Written Policy Content ctd. Emergency Response Plan Mailbox and R.O.W. Damage Communications Directory Cooperative/Hired Agreements Personnel Management Equipment Management Cranberry Pa. Website

12 HOW DO WE MAKE AN OPERTIONAL CHANGE???? Has Anyone Made a Change in some Aspect of Their Snow and Ice Program? HOW?

13 A MODEL FOR CHANGE Decide What You Would Like to Try Make Clear Why You Would Like to Change Start on a Small or Pilot Basis Select People Who are Unbiased and Interested (Continuous Improvement Oriented) Design a Test Program (Call Me if you want Help) Keep Good Records (Taper Log in Workbook) Monitor and Analyze Frequently If Successful, Implement Through Peer Marketing

14 LEVEL OF SERVICE OBSERVED OR DESIRED PAVEMENT CONDITIONS AT VARIOUS POINTS IN TIME, DURING AN D AFTER, WINTER WEATHER EVENTS

15 Level of Service Balance Cost Safety Environmental Responsibility

16 Level of Service Based on available resources Pavement condition goals at various times Level of effort for various storm conditions Priority, timing and type of treatment for various locations

17 Pavement condition goals

18 Pavement condition goals

19 Pavement condition goals

20 Pavement condition goals

21 Pavement condition goals

22 All Roads Level of Service

23 Level of Service Highest Priority Roads

24 Level of Service During Storm Plowing

25 Level of Service Residential Streets

26 Record Keeping Advantages Defense Budget requests Efficiency measures Improvement efforts

27 Operator s Report Date Operator s name Truck ID Hours worked Routes covered Materials Used Treatment Type

28 Supervisor s Report Date Supervisor s name Road Conditions Problems Actions Weather

29 Supervisor s Report Summary of resources used - Regular time (hours) - Overtime (hours) - Materials (tons/gallons) - Equipment (hours/miles)

30 Cost Reports Develop in-house hourly operating costs based on typical operating costs Personnel Equipment (FEMA or DOT Rates) Materials

31 LEGAL ISSUES Vehicle and Traffic Law Hours of Operation Public Officers Law Tort Liability Insurance Law

32 Snow and Ice Control Materials

33 Operational Procedure Terms PRE-TREATING (gal./ lane mile, lbs./ lane mile) PRE-WETTING (gal. / ton) DISCHARGE RATE (lbs. / mile) APPLICATION RATE (liquid & solid) (gal. / lane mile, lbs. / lane mile)

34 ICE CONTROL CHEMICAL TERMS FORM SOLUTION DILUTION CONCENTRATION GRADATION EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC

35 Common Ice Control Chemicals Sodium chloride Calcium chloride Magnesium chloride Organic chemicals Calcium magnesium acetate Potassium acetate

36 Ice Control Chemicals Sodium chloride/calcium chloride/magnesium chloride Table 4 - melting ability and temperature for various chloride Temperature F Ice Melted per Unit of Chemical Sodium Calcium Magnesium

37 Ice Control Chemicals How ice control chemicals work Phase Diagram - Chlorides (F) Temperature (F) Slush (Solution & Ice) Brine % Chloride (by weight) Solution & Salt

38 Ice Control Chemicals 40 Phase Diagrams - Chlorides Temperature (F) Sodium Chloride Magnesium Chloride Calcium Chloride % Chloride (by weight)

39 CHEMICAL FORM Solid vs Liquid Advantages Solids Less costly Easier to handle Dilute slower (retention) Initial skid resistance (salt) Liquids Instant action Not displaced by traffic Residue remains effective Versatile Used directly Treat solids

40 CHEMICAL FORM Solid vs Liquid Disadvantages Solid Need moisture Takes time Not good for antiicing (bounce & scatter, displaced by traffic) Liquid Mostly water Not useful for thick ice Rain will wash off pavement Can cause slippery conditions

41 Prewetted Salt Prewetted Salt: Salt which has been coated with a liquid, containing water, prior to being spread.

42 WHY PREWET????? Reduce Bounce and Scatter Accelerate Working of Salt Environmental Savings? Corrosion Reduction?

43 PREWETTING TECHNIQUES Stockpile Pre Mix Stockpile Injection/Treatment Truck Load Treatment Bucket Load treatment On Board Systems On Road Liquid Application

44 PREWETTING WITH WATER

45 What does water cost? Magnesium chloride $0.84/ gallon Calcium chloride $0.99 / gallon Mag. chloride & Organic chem. $0.87 / gallon Salt brine $0.03 / gallon Stockpile Pre-Mix $4.17 / ton

46 ORGANIC (CARBOHYDTATE ENHANCED) LIQUID ICE CONTROL CHEMICALS

47 Organic Chemicals are a SUGAR by-product of a Process Sugar Making Beer and whiskey making Corn Fermentation Other Crop Fermentation or Processing

48 ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC (carbohydrate) CHEMICALS Less Equipment Corrosion Better stick to the Road Less Appurtenance Corrosion Between Storm Residual Little Environmental Threat Visability

49 DISADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS Viscosity (have to be cut ) Odor Windscreen Issues Unlikely Infrastructure Corrosion Protection Cost Possible BOD Issues

50 Snow & Ice Removal Equipment

51 Trucks and plows

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55 Wing Plows

56 Variable Geometry Plow

57 Variable Geometry Plow

58 Blade Materials Steel Carbide inserts Ceramic inserts Rubber Polymer

59 Snow removal equipment

60 Plow Accessories Shoes, Skids, Wheels, Casters

61 Trip Blades Greater Safety Allows Faster Plowing Speeds Less shock to vehicle & operator

62 Blade Tripping Mechanism

63 Trucks and Plows

64 Plow Guards Plow Accessories Curb Guards

65 Snow removal equipment

66 Calibration (page 57)

67 Calibration See page 57

68 Calibration Table 8- Discharge and application rates (page 47) Discharge Rate (pounds/mile) Application Rate, pounds per lane-mile Number of lanes being treated

69 Spread Pattern Control Spinner Speed Drop Location on Spinner Deflectors / Skirts Direction of Spinner Rotation

70 GROUND SPEED CONTROL WHY? Higher Degree of Application Rate Control Cost Payback in LESS THAN ONE YEAR Material Savings 20 to 40 PERCENT

71 Liquid Ice Control Spreading Equipment (Pavement treatment) Equipment Types Application rate control Pattern control Calibration

72 Liquid ice control spreading equipment

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74 Pre-wetting ice control equipment

75 Snow and Ice Control Tactics 1. Snow plowing 2. Mechanical snow/pack/ice removal 3. Application of abrasives 4. Application of solid ice control chemicals 5. Application of liquid ice control chemicals

76 Snow and Ice Control Tactics 6. Combinations of tactics above a. Plowing and spreading materials b.pre-wetting c. Pre-treating 7. Observe/patrol/wait-and-see 8. Do nothing 9. Road/system closure 10. Passive snow control

77 Salt vs. Sand Cost to treat one lane mile Salt vs. Sand Salt Cost Factors Abrasives $34.00 A Purchase Cost/ton, $ $ B Cost of added salt/ton (7%) $ C Mixing cost, $ $.70 $34.00 D Total Cost (per ton), $ $ E Pounds per lane mile 750 $3.82 Cost / lane mile, $ $3.98

78 Comparison of Salt vs. Sand (per event - avg.) New York State DOT (33% Salt in Sand Mix) SALT SAND Sand Used, Tons/lm Salt Used, Tons/lm $7 & $30 $48 $57 Cost Ratio 1.2 Average Condition Index * Treatments per Event Number of Events Average Traffic, VPH * 1 = Bare/Wet/Damp/Dry 7= Impassable

79 Comparison ctd. Maine DOT (7% Salt in Sand Mix) SALT SAND Sand Used, Tons/lm Salt Used, Tons/lm $7 & $30 $12 $31 Cost Ratio 2.7 Average Condition Index * Treatments per Event Events Average Traffic, VPH * 1 = Bare/Wet/Damp/Dry 7= Impassable

80 Comparison ctd. Warren County, NY DPW (7% Salt in Sand Mix) SALT SAND Sand Used, Tons/lm Salt Used, Tons/lm $7 & $30 $17 $24 Cost Ratio 1.4 Average Condition Index * Treatments per Event Number of Events Average Traffic, VPH * 1 = Bare/Wet/Damp/Dry 7= Impassable

81 5. Designing Snow and Ice Control Material Treatment Level of service Weather Pavement Cond.

82 EVERYTHING IN SNOW AND ICE CONTROL IS LIKE THE ADULT DIAPER DEPEND(S)

83 Level of Service Considerations Pavement condition goals Cycle time and hours of operation capability Public expectation

84 SNOW AND ICE CONTROL MATERIAL TREATMENTS Pavement Temperature,Pavement Surface condition and Type and Intensity of Event Are KEY

85 Type and Intensity of Event BLACK ICE (Thin Ice) FREEZING RAIN SLEET LIGHT SNOW MODERATE & HEAVY SNOW

86 Factors that Impact Pavement Surface Temperature SUNLIGHT CLOUD COVER CLEAR NIGHT SKY SHADINGS SUB PAVEMENT (earth and bridge) AIR TEMPERATURE AND WIND

87 Pavement Surface Condition Dry Damp Wet Frost Black (Thin) Ice Icy Snow Slush Light Snow Cover

88 TREATMENT SELECTION Determine Pavement Temperature and Trend (How??) Event Type and Rate of Precipitation Pavement Surface Condition Select Application Type and Rate

89 Weather information

90 TREATMENT TYPES Solid Chemical (Salt) Pre-Wetted Solid Chemical (Salt + Liquid) Liquid Chemical (Pavement Treatment) Abrasives/Salt Mixture No Treatment

91 Precipitation Dilution Potential Precipitation rate Precipitation type Light Moderate Heavy Unknown 1. Snow (powder) Low Low Medium Low 2. Snow (ordinary) Low Medium High Medium 3. Snow (wet/heavy) Medium High High High 4. Snow (unknown) Medium 5. Rain Low Medium High Medium 6. Freezing rain Low Medium High Medium 7. Sleet Low Medium High Medium 8. Blowing snow Medium 9. Snow with blowing snow (Same as type of snow) 10. Freezing rain with sleet Low Medium High Medium 11. None If wheel path area condition is: Dry or damp Wet Frost or black ice (thin ice) Slush or loose snow Packed snow or thick ice Not applicable Low Low Medium High

92 Adjustments to Precipitation Dilution Potential Adjustments to Precipitation Dilution Potential a) Wheel path area condition when precipitation is present Increase precipitation dilution potential above by number of levels Bare 0 Frost or thin ice 0 Slush, loose snow, packed snow, or thick ice 1 b) Cycle time hrs hrs 1 Over 3.0 hrs 2 c) Traffic volume at traffic speeds > 35 mph Less than 125 vph 0 More than 125 vph 1

93 Application Rates for Solid, Prewetted Solid, and Liquid Sodium Chloride Pavement Temperature ( F) Over to to to 25 Application rate Adjusted Solid (1) Liquid (2) dilution potential Ice pavement bond lb/l-m gal/l-m No 90 (3) 40 (3) Low Yes 200 NR (4) No 100 (3) 44 (3) Medium Yes 225 NR (4) No 110 (3) 48 (3) High Yes 250 NR (4) No Low Yes 275 NR (4) No Medium Yes 300 NR (4) No High Yes 325 NR (4) No Low Yes 350 NR (4) No Medium Yes 375 NR (4) No High Yes 400 NR (4) No Low Yes 425 NR (4) No Medium Yes 450 NR (4) No High Yes 475 NR

94 Application Rates for Solid, Prewetted Solid, and Liquid Sodium Chloride (Cont.) 15 to to 15 Low Medium High Low Medium High No 230 NR Yes 500 NR No 240 NR Yes 525 NR No 250 NR Yes 550 NR No 260 NR Yes 575 NR No 270 NR Yes 600 NR No 280 NR Yes 625 NR A. If unbonded, try mechanical removal without chemical. Below 10 F B. If bonded, apply chemical at 700 lb/l-m. Plow when slushy. Repeat as necessary. NR = Not recommended. C. Apply abrasives as necessary. Specific Notes: 1.Values for solid also apply to prewet solid and include the equivalent dry chemical weight in prewetting solutions. 2.Liquid values are shown for the 23-percent concentration solution. 3.In unbonded, try mechanical removal without applying chemicals. If pretreating, use this application rate. 4.If very thin ice, liquids may be applied at the unbonded rates. General Notes: 5.These application rates are starting points. Local experience should refine these recommendations. 6.Prewetting chemicals should allow application rates to be reduced by up to about 20% depending on such primary factors as spread pattern and spreading speed. 7.Application rates for chemicals other than sodium chloride will need to be adjusted using the guidance in Table 5. 8.Before applying any ice control chemical, the surface should be cleared of as much snow and ice as possible.

95 STEP BY STEP Determine Precipitation Dilution Potential Adjust for Operational and Pavement Conditions (Adjusted Dilution Potential) Determine Pavement Temperature Determine Ice/Pavement Bond Select application rate

96 IF YOU USE THE PROPER AMOUNT OF ICE CONTROL CHEMICAL EACH TIME, RATHER THAN A PRESCRIBED AMOUNT, YOU WILL USE LESS CHEMICAL OVERALL AND PROVIDE A CONSISTANTLY HIGH LEVEL OF SERVICE

97 6. Application of Snow and Ice Control Materials

98 Roadway Elements Two-lane, two-way highways Multi-lane highways Parking areas and walkways Hills, curves, and intersections

99 Roadway Elements Bridges Strong crosswinds Curves Change in jurisdiction

100 Worst Case Scenarios

101 SPREADING SPEEDS Type of Material Spread Pattern Pavement Surface Condition Traffic Highway Geometry

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107 SAFETY RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP Potential Melt and Freeze Back Locations Sight Distance Limiting (curves &intersections) Safety Appurtenances & Bridges Encroachments Limited Snow Storage Areas Drift and Blow-Over Areas Obstructed Signage

108 Contact Information Cornell Local Roads Program Phone (607) Fax (607) Dewey Amsler Phone (518) Fax (518)