Name: Class: Date: 2. How do scientists and engineers use scientific methods? (For what purpose do they each use science methods?)

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1 Class: Date: Ch.1 Study Guide Short Answer 1. What are the three methods of investigation used to DO science? 2. How do scientists and engineers use scientific methods? (For what purpose do they each use science methods?) 3. bioengineered products are specifically designed for an organism, and therefore have a direct effect in changing the organism. 4. Replace the underlined term to make a true statement: The measure of the amount of matter in an object is the area. 5. Explain why area, volume, and density are considered derived quantities. 6. Explain the importance of having a standard method of measurement such as the SI system. 7. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: meter, temperature, and density. 8. What is SCIENCE?? (definition we discussed in class) 9. What is the difference between the following terms? Explain each: observation and inference 10. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: theory and law 11. How are the following terms related? technology and engineering 12. How would you explain volume and mass to a kindergardener? Use words and pictures to depict your answer. 13. Name (a) two SI units that can be used to describe the volume of an object and (b) two SI units that can be used to describe the mass of an object. Application 14. You build a model boat that you predict will float. However, your tests show that the boat sinks. What part of the engineering design process would you use next? Which steps would you need to repeat? Why? 1

2 Practice Exercises 15. Engineers are working on a cost-benefit analysis for a feature on a cell phone. There are several engineering trade-offs they are working through. This new feature would cost a cell phone user $0.25 for each use. If the user tried the feature 14 times, what would the extra cost for the use of the feature be on the cell phone bill? 16. What is the density of lead if a cube measuring 2 cm per side has a mass of 90.8 g? Show your work. 17. A cereal box has a mass of 340 g. Its dimensions are 27 cm 19 cm 6 cm. What is the volume of the box? What is its density? Show your work. 18. What are science models used for? Name and describe the 3 types of science models discussed in class. Use the illustration below to answer the questions that follow. 19. In what ways is this model similar to a real object? (list actual aspects you observe) 20. How might this model be useful? 21. What are some of the limitations of this model? 22. Name all the steps of science methods. 23. Practice Metrics Conversions! Write out the PREFIXES below: (don t round answers) - kilo a) 178 km = hm - b) cm = m - c) L = ml [Base Unit: Meter, Gram, Liter] d) dm = dam - e) kl = ml - f) g = kg - g) ml = L h) 536,280,000 mg = kg 2

3 Interpreting Data 24. The table below contains weather data for two cities. Which conclusion is best supported by the data in the table? a. City X is further from the equator than City Y. b. City X has higher humidity than City Y. c. City X receives more rainfall than City Y. d. City X has lower wind speeds than City Y. 3

4 25. The table below shows relative amounts of soil from the moon. Which graph best shows the data from the table? 4

5 26. The table shows the average distance from the sun to Mercury, Venus, and Earth. Which graph best compares the distances from the sun for these three planets? 5

6 27. The graph shows a rabbit population that has increased due to the lack of predators. Which table below correctly displays the population data? 6

7 Recognizing Bias 28. The table below shows researchers data from an investigation designed to determine which sponge shape absorbs the greatest volume of water. Based on the data, the researchers stated that the irregular-shaped sponge absorbed the greatest volume of water. Researchers plan to market the irregular-shaped sponge as super absorbent. What is wrong with the researchers interpretation of the data? a. The researchers should have tested the sponges in different types of liquids. b. The researchers should have tested more types of sponges. c. The researchers did not record the dry mass or volume of each sponge. d. The researchers did not freeze each sponge before massing it. 29. A student investigated how the mass of a plastic disk affected its motion. The student pushed five similar plastic disks, each with a different mass, across a wooden floor. The student recorded the distance each disk traveled. The investigation was repeated five times. The student concluded there was no relationship between mass and distance traveled. Which of these best describes an error in the investigation? a. The student performed too few trials. b. The student should have used disks that were the same mass. c. The student should have pushed the disks across different surfaces. d. The student failed to control the amount of force applied. 30. A mineral supplement designed to prevent the common cold was given to two groups of people during a scientific study. After eight weeks, neither group reported a case of the common cold. Which of the following would have made the outcome of this study more valid? a. Test only one group with 150 mg of the supplement. b. Create a third group that does not receive the supplement. c. Create a third group that receives 75 mg of the supplement. d. Give the supplement to both groups for only 6 weeks. 7