Overview of JAXA Activities on Sustainable Space Development and Space Situational Awareness

Transcription

1 Overview of JAXA Activities on Sustainable Space Development and Space Situational Awareness 26 February 2015 Shizuo YAMAMOTO Vice President, JAXA

2 CONTENTS 1. Japan s Space Activities Structure 2. JAXA Organization / SSA Activities 3. JAXA s Role in SSA Activities in Japan 4. Overview of JAXA Activities for SSA and Related Activities Conclusion 1

3 1. Japan s Space Activities Structure Strategic Headquarters for Space Policy Cabinet Office (Office of National Space Policy) Space Policy Committee Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Council for Science and technology (Committee on Space Development & Utilization / Aeronautical Technologies) Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) Mid-term Goals Mid-term Plan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Other Ministries 2

4 2. JAXA Organization / SSA Activities Naoki OKUMURA President Yuichi YAMAURA Vice President Strategic Planning and Management International Relations New Enterprise Promotion Security and Information Systems Chief Engineer Office Engineering Digital Innovation Center Yoshikazu KATO Vice President General Affairs Finance Contract Human Resources Public Affairs Ground Facilities Space Education Evaluation and Audit Kiyoshi HIGUCHI Senior Vice President Center Director, Tsukuba Aerospace Research and Development Directorate Tsukuba Space Center Administration Department Safety and Mission Assurance Department General Auditor General Auditor Office Mamoru ENDO Vice President Shizuo YAMAMOTO Vice President Yoshiyuki HASEGAWA Vice President Kazuhiro NAKAHASHI Vice President Saku TSUNETA Vice President Space Transportation Mission Directorate Satellite Applications Mission Directorate I Satellite Applications Mission Directorate II Consolidated Space Tracking and Data Acquisition Department Environmental Test Technology Center Spectrum Management Office Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate Lunar and Planetary Exploration Program Group Institute of Aeronautical Technology Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) Promotion Office for Collaboration with Universities and Research Institutes 3

5 3. JAXA s Role in SSA Activities in Japan JAXA is the one and only agency that can conduct SSA activities including observation and orbit determination of space objects by optical telescopes and radar, and collision avoidance maneuvers against space objects approaching to JAXA satellites. Limited observation opportunities and capabilities of assets in Japan impose constraints on securing spacecraft from the threat posed by space objects. JAXA has an ability to perform detailed conjunction assessment with JAXA original analysis data and conjunction data provided by JSpOC, which are made available by MOU on SSA Services and Information sharing between Japan and U.S. On 9th January 2015, new Basic Plan on Space Policy established, which states: Establishing SSA system in Japan and enhancing the capability Building up SSA operational framework by integrated with governmental bodies and JAXA JAXA, being as the core organization that provides technical support for the entire governmental development and utilization of space projects, cooperates with related bodies which promote SSA activities for stable use of space. 4

6 4. Over view of JAXA Activities for SSA and Related Activities JAXA Satellite Tracking Station Network Orbit Determination Optical Observation [GEO] Radar Observation [LEO] Ephemeris Observation Data JSpOC Risk Management JSF Bisei Space Guard Center [BSGC] JSF:Japan Space Forum JSpOC JAXA Terminal JSF Kamisaibara Space Guard Center [KSGC] JSF:Japan Space Forum ISS Orbit (TOPO) A-Train satellites (CARA team) Re-entry Analysis Conjunction Assessment (CA) for JAXA satellites & Collision Avoidance Maneuver (CAM)planning Collision Avoidance (COLA) Analysis for New Launch Deorbit Planning & Consultation JAXA HQs CA, CAM, Deorbit Planning, Re-entry JAXA Satellites COLA H-IIA, H-IIB, Epsilon 5

7 4.1 Optical Observation for GEO Number of Space Object BSGC Optical Sensor Capability and Activity Longitude Coverage: 68 dege to 200 dege Altitude: approx. 2,000 km to 40,000 km Sensitivity: approx. 80 cm to 1 m on GEO Observe space objects approaching to JAXA satellites NEO (Near Earth Object) observation Space Object [TLE] Space Object (Japan origin) BSGC Observation BSGC Telescope Observation Orbit Determination 6 Jul ~ 31 Dec Space Object Japan origin / All LEO NP 68 E 200 E Observation coverage on GEO Figure 1. BSGC Longitude Coverage ~3622 ~13622 ~23622 ~33622 ~35622 ~35782 ~35792 ~35872 ~36122 ~ Altitude(h) [km] Figure 2. Space Object Distribution JFY2011 Hp 30,000km ~Space Track [TLE] : 103 / 3547 BSGC Observation : 103 / 1168 Orbit Determination : 102 / 415 Figure 3. BSGC Telescope Observation (Japan origin) GEO Disposal orbit

8 4.2 Radar Observation for LEO KSGC Radar Sensor Capability and Activity Capability: 1 m in diameter at 600 km range Phased Array Radar with mechanical scanning in AZ direction May observe multiple space objects simultaneously (Max. 10 objects) May observe reentry objects JAXA is developing a real-time orbit estimation software for single pass observations at a single station Figure 4. Observation Range and Objects 7

9 4.3 Reentry Analysis JSpOC KSGC TLE 60day_msg TIP_msg Long Term Prediction (Year, Month) Observation Data Short Term Prediction (week) Re-entry Phase (Day, Hour) Government Visible information Based on TIP_msg JAXA HQ Visible information Based on TIP_msg & JAXA Original Analysis data (R&D) 8

10 4.4 Conjunction Assessment (CA) for JAXA satellites & Collision Avoidance Maneuver (CAM)planning Date(UTC) No TARGET OBJECT Primary estimation Min Max Range Name Name Probability [km] TCA-2day 1 SAT DEB A 3.736E /02/16 00:44: SAT DEB B 1.366E /02/16 03:17: SAT DEB C 1.926E /02/16 07:05: Min Range N [km] Min Range T [km] Min Range C [km] Relative Velocity [km/sec] TCA(UTC) 27 SAT DEB T 1.047E /02/22 10:45: SAT DEB U 1.791E /02/22 14:08: SAT DEB V 2.095E /02/22 19:40: TCA-1day 1 SAT DEB F 4.447E /02/17 01:31: SAT DEB G 3.314E /02/17 08:54: SAT DEB W 3.049E /02/17 19:02: Data shown in the table are just examples Satellite Orbit 24 SAT DEB T 1.582E /02/22 10:45: SAT DEB U 1.767E /02/22 14:08: SAT DEB V 3.741E /02/22 19:40: SAT DEB AC 5.041E /02/23 07:16: SAT DEB AD 1.853E /02/23 08:59: SAT DEB AE 2.464E /02/23 21:45: SAT DEB AF 2.962E /02/23 21:49: SAT DEB AG 2.887E /02/23 21:53: SAT DEB AC 6.043E /02/23 07:16: Judge Period TCA day-2 TCA day-1 TCA day TCA Point Debris Orbit Ephemeris Screening Update the approaching information Ephemeris Screening Result The risk of a close approach CAM GO/NOGO (TCA-24Hours*) CAM TCA Point Point (TCA-2.5 circles*) *an example 9

11 4.5 COLA & Deorbit Collision Avoidance (COLA) Analysis for New Launch Before a launch, close approach analysis is performed with manned spacecraft (mainly ISS) based on intended trajectory of the vehicle so that no close approach below a threshold is confirmed. Deorbit Planning & Consultation Provide support to estimation of residual fuel and to deorbit planning of operational satellites so that retired satellites can be moved to disposal orbit as per the international guideline. R N T Apogee End of Operation Altitude [km] Perigee AKARI (ASTRO-F) 10

12 4.6 The History of Debris Observation in JAXA Study on observing Space Debris by Telescope Experimental observation by Telescopes Conceptual study for a space debris observation system by Telescopes and Radar Observation by BSGC Telescope 50cm Telescope 1m Telescope Observation by KSGC Radar 11

13 4.7 Cooperation between Japan & U.S. on SSA May 2013, MOU on SSA services and information sharing (U.S. to Japan) May 2014, Agreement on SSA information sharing (Japan to U.S.) Japan two-way SSA information sharing U.S. JSF Kamisaibara Space Guard Center [KSGC] JSF Bisei Space Guard Center [BSGC] 12

14 Avoidance Operations of JAXA Satellites Summary Number of satellites Number of CAMs performed LEO: GEO: 4 0 Total: 18* 11 Reference period: Jul to Jan * The number denotes a number of satellites that were in operation within the period specified. 13

15 Conclusion JAXA has been engaged in space debris mitigation efforts. Observation: since 1989 Established JAXA s own Space Debris Mitigation Standard in 1996, and JAXA revised this standard based on the guideline of COUPUS established in Triggered by MOU on SSA Services and Information sharing between Japan and U.S. and establishment of Basic Plan on Space Policy, SSA activities in Japan are expected to be enhanced. JAXA, as the core organization that provides technical support for the entire governmental development and utilization of space projects, cooperates with related bodies which promote SSA activities for stable use of space. 14

16 Thank you for your kind attention. 15