Topographic Features of Mars Observed by G.H. Hamilton (1924) and C.F. Capen (1969) Authored by Gene Cross & Rodger W. Gordon
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1 Topographic Features of Mars Observed by G.H. Hamilton (1924) and C.F. Capen (1969) Authored by Gene Cross & Rodger W. Gordon (Presented by Gene Cross, July 20, 2006) 1
2 Abstract Topographic features on Mars were observed by G. H. Hamilton and C.F. Capen using groundbased telescopes. Features such as the craters Huygens, Copernicus, Newton, Tharis volcanoes & Olympus Mons,, Valley Marineris,, and many others were observed. Hamilton (1924) used an 11-inch Alvan Clark refractor at 300X & 430X. Capen (1969) used an 82-inch reflector at 800X & 1000X and with cameras. Images by the observers themselves, and one by Tom Cave, will be shown. 2
3 George H. Hamilton, mentored by W.H. Pickering, Jamaica,
4 Topographic Features Observed by Hamilton, 1924 Ringed Plains: Hellas Planitia, Argyre Planitia,, Elysium Planitia, Isidis Planitia Craters: Huygens, Copernicus, Newton Valleys: Marineris Volcanoes: Tharis,, Olympus Mons,, Elysium Mons 4
5 Olympus Mons 5
6 Olympus Mons 6
7 Hamilton Versus Trumpler (280mm in Jamaica Versus 760mm in California) 7
8 Photograph Versus Drawing (Slipher photo, Hamilton drawing) 8
9 Refracting Telescope used by Hamilton Aperture = 280 mm Magnification = 300X & 430X (and likely color filters) Eyepieces = Tolles Telescope Design Type = Achromat (corrected for sph & two colors) Maker = Alvan Clark & Sons Wavefront Error < 1/8 wave PV at Best Focus (single color, best estimate of WFE) Location = Jamaica (Harvard Observatory Station) 9
10 Charles F. Capen, director of JPL s groundbased planetary observation program & Table Mt. Observatory,
11 Reflecting Telescope used by Capen (1969) Aperture = 2,080 mm Magnification = 800X & 1000X + (and color filters) Eyepieces = Plossls (Ets.. S.R. Clave) Telescope Design = Classical Cassegrain (corrected for spherical aberration & all colors parfocal) Telescope Maker = J.W. Fecker Company (AKA: John Brashear Company) Optics Upgrade: Jean Texereau repolished,, 1964 Wavefront Error < 1/8 wave PV at Best Focus (WFE < 1/40 wave RMS, based on published measures) Location = Texas (McDonald Observatory, U of T) 11
12 Topographic Features Observed by Capen,, 1969 Ringed Plains: Hellas Planitia,, Elysium Planitia, Isidis Planitia Craters: Huygens Valleys: Marineris Volcanoes: Elysium Mons 12
13 Huygens Crater (Mariner IV) 13
14 Huygens Crater (495 km diameter and variable light and dark floor favors visibility.) 14
15 Huygens Crater (325mm Reflector, Tom Cave, Long Beach, California, 1993) 15
16 Huygens Crater (2080mm Reflector, Capen,, 1969) 16
17 Huygens Crater (254mm Refractor, groundbased, ccd webcam) 17
18 Predicted Observability of Martian Topographic Features (Capen Capen,, 1982) 18
19 References Cross, Eugene W., Private Communications, Gordon, Rodger W., Observing the Craters of Mars, Part 1, Typographica Publishing, 52 pages, Gordon, Rodger W., Private Communications, Gordon, Rodger W., Sheehan, William, Solved: The Mars- Crater Mystery, Sky and Telescope, pages 64-67, 67, November, Hartmann, William K., A Traveler s s Guide to Mars, The Mysterious Landscapes of the Red Planet, Workman Publishing Company, 468 pages, Sheehan, William, The Planet Mars, A History of Observation and Discovery, U of Arizona Press,
20 Abstract Topographic features on Mars were observed by G. H. Hamilton and C.F. Capen using groundbased telescopes. Features such as the craters Huygens, Copernicus, Newton, Tharis volcanoes & Olympus Mons,, Valley Marineris,, and many others were observed. Hamilton (1924) used an 11-inch Alvan Clark refractor at 300X & 430X. Capen (1969) used an 82-inch reflector at 800X and with cameras. Images by the observers themselves, and one by Tom Cave, will be shown. 20
21 Fini Last update July 19,
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