Physics Homework 2 Fall 2015

Transcription

1 1) The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system? 1) A) among the orbits of the terrestrial planets B) between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter C) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter D) between the orbits of Jupiter and Uranus E) beyond the orbit of Neptune 2) Why are most large telescopes reflectors, not refractors? 2) A) Large mirrors need only one optical surface, achromats four surfaces to grind. B) Large lenses deform under their own weight, but mirrors can be supported. C) Reflectors do not suffer from chromatic aberration like refractors do. D) Large, very clear lenses are harder to cast than more tolerant mirror blanks. E) All of the above are correct. 3) In which part of the electromagnetic spectrum have astronomers been unable to get any information? 3) A) microwaves B) ultraviolet C) gamma rays D) X-rays E) We now can access information in all spectral lengths. 4) The convex secondary mirror in this design focuses light down through a hole cut in the concave primary mirror. 4) A) prime focus reflector B) refractor C) Cassegrain reflector D) Newtonian reflector E) interferometer 5) Which of these devices helps correct coma in fast reflectors? 5) A) Cassegrain secondary mirror B) Schmidt corrector plate C) star diagonal D) Newtonian secondary mirror E) achromatic doublet 6) Earth's magnetic field 6) A) is a remnant of the solar nebula's magnetic field. B) is the force behind plate tectonics. C) is weakening the Van Allen radiation belts. D) prevents charged particles in the solar wind from reaching the surface. E) lines intersect the atmosphere at the equator. 7) In order to determine the mass of a planet by applying Newton's laws of motion and gravity, the planet must have 7) A) planets further from the Sun than itself. B) a known size and distance from Earth

2 C) moons. D) rings. E) a solid surface. 8) Which design has a convex primary mirror and flat secondary mirror, with the eyepiece located on the top side of the telescope tube? 8) A) interferometer B) refractor C) Cassegrain reflector D) prime focus reflector E) Newtonian reflector 9) The Arecibo radio telescope is laid out like which optical telescope design? 9) A) Coude reflector B) grazing incidence reflector C) Cassegrain reflector D) prime focus reflector E) Newtonian reflector 10) A major advantage of a Newtonian reflector over a refractor is 10) A) the central hole in the mirror is smaller. B) its compact size. C) the elimination of chromatic aberration. D) there are only two lenses to grind. E) the elimination of the secondary mirror. 11) In noting that our world is "differentiated," we mean that: 11) A) radioactive heating in the core is at a slower pace than when the Earth was new. B) the Earth has evolved in a different pattern than any other planet. C) the Earth's magnetic field is different now in polarity than it was 700,000 years ago. D) the density of its materials decreases as you go downward toward the core. E) the iron and nickel core is denser than the silicate mantle and crust. 12) Compared to optical telescopes, radio telescopes are built large because 12) A) they're less expensive to make than optical telescopes. B) radio photons don't carry much energy. C) atmospheric turbulence is more of a problem. D) radio waves are absorbed by the atmosphere. E) radio sources are harder to find. 13) The "Grand Tour" of all four jovians was conducted by: 13) A) Voyager 1 and 2 both. B) Voyager 2. C) Galileo. D) Pioneer 11. E) Cassini. 14) What is true of spring tides? 14) A) The third quarter Moon would be high overhead at dawn. B) The difference between low and high tides would be smallest

3 C) The Moon's phase will be first quarter. D) There would be one high and one low tide each day. E) The difference between low and high tides would be greatest. 15) A region where a denser basaltic plate is subducted under a continental one is: 15) A) Hawaii. B) the Nazca Trench. C) the San Andreas Fault. D) the Mid-Atlantic Rift. E) the Himalayas. 16) The region around Earth where the magnetic field traps charged particles is the: 16) A) ozone layer. B) Van Allen Radiation Belts. C) aurora borealis and aurstralis. D) exosphere. E) corona. 17) The presence of a magnetic field is a good indication that: 17) A) we have a liquid metal outer core, spinning rapidly as we rotate. B) a huge iron meteorite lies somewhere high up in the mantle, not in the core. C) the Earth's interior has had time to solidify, with a rigid bar magnet created. D) the Earth's interior must be completely molten to the center. E) the Earth's interior is similar to Mercury's, as both have fields. 18) What is the goal of comparative planetology? 18) A) to find which planets will be most suitable for future colonization B) to determine the origin and evolution of the solar system C) to find out how our own solar system compares with extrasolar ones D) to help plan future visits by unmanned probes, orbiters, and rovers E) to use planetary positions to foretell the future 19) The most important advantage of CCDs over film is that 19) A) their images never fade, as film can. B) they record much more light in a given exposure time. C) they record colors better than film can. D) their images do not have to be developed as film does. E) they can cover larger areas of the sky than film can. 20) Within Earth's atmosphere, in which layer does convection occur? 20) A) the ionosphere B) the tropopshere C) convection occurs in all layers of Earth's atmosphere D) the stratosphere E) the mesosphere 21) Which of these landed on Venus? 21) A) NEAR-Shoemaker B) Viking 2 C) Surveyor 7 D) Rover Spirit - 3 -

4 E) Venera 7 22) The jovian planets 22) A) all have rings around their equators. B) all spin slower than the earth. C) are all much more dense than any of the terrestrials planets. D) have satellite systems with less than 4 moons. E) all lie less than 5 AU from the Sun. 23) Mercury's most unusual orbital feature, as compared to the other planets, is 23) A) its orbital period. B) the size of the planet. C) that it has no moons. D) the size of its orbit. E) the shape of its orbit. 24) What aspects of the planets orbits are nearly the same for most planets? 24) A) shape and distance from the Sun B) tilt from the ecliptic and distance from the Sun C) orbital period and distance from the Sun D) shape and tilt from the ecliptic E) orbital period and shape 25) The critical part of the atmosphere for protecting life on the ground from excessive ultraviolet radiation is the: 25) A) stratosphere. B) troposphere. C) hydrosphere. D) ozone layer. E) ionosphere. 26) What is the percentage of Earth's atmosphere (by volume) that is carbon dioxide ( )? 26) A) 78 B) 21 C) 0.9 D) 0.03 E) 3 27) The Mariner 10 spacecraft visited which bodies in the solar system? 27) A) Mars and Jupiter B) Mercury and Venus C) Venus and Mars D) Mars and Mercury E) the jovian planets 28) A telescope with a 60 mm objective lens collects how many times as much light as does your eye's 6 mm exit pupil? 28) A) 100X B) 250X C) 10X D) 25X E) 5X - 4 -

5 29) Which parts of the Sun's radiation are responsible for heating Earth's surface? 29) A) the infrared and the high energy particles B) the visible and the infrared C) the ultraviolet and the visible D) the radio and the ultraviolet E) the x-ray and the gamma ray 30) The principal greenhouse gases in our present atmosphere are: 30) A) methane and ammonia. B) sulfuric acid vapor and carbon dioxide. C) hydrogen and helium. D) water vapor and carbon dioxide. E) hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide. 31) The Kuiper Belt is an "outer asteroid belt" consisting of what types of solar system bodies? 31) A) meteoroids B) asteroids C) terrestrial planets D) icy cometlike bodies E) jovian planets 32) Our best close-up views of the jovian moons came from the many passes by: 32) A) Galileo. B) Voyager 2. C) New Horizons. D) Global Surveyor. E) Cassini. 33) This design combines the radiation from two different telescopes to greatly enhance resolution via computer synthesis. 33) A) refractor B) Newtonian reflector C) interferometer D) prime focus reflector E) Cassegrain reflector 34) This design involves only one optical surface, a concave mirror. 34) A) Gregorian reflector B) prime focus reflector C) Newtonian reflector D) refractor E) Cassegrain reflector 35) Which of the following have an icy composition? 35) A) meteoroids B) meteorites and most asteroids C) the surface of Mars D) most asteroids - 5 -

6 E) comets 36) As the solar nebula contracts due to gravitation, the cloud 36) A) expands. B) spins faster. C) changes direction of motion. D) becomes more spherical in shape. E) begins to cool. 37) The amount of diffraction a telescope creates depends upon: 37) A) the types of glass used in the achromat. B) the magnification of the eyepiece. C) whether the telescope is a refractor or a reflector. D) the transparency of the atmosphere. E) the wavelength and the diameter of the telescope objective. 38) Which major atmospheric component is chiefly a product of life processes? 38) A) oxygen B) hydrogen sulfide C) water D) carbon dioxide E) nitrogen 39) Objects in the Kuiper belt 39) A) lie beyond the orbit of Neptune, and close to the ecliptic. B) are in random orbits at all inclinations to the ecliptic. C) are the sources of long-period comets. D) are dense, like the iron meteorites. E) lie beyond the orbit of Neptune and perpendicular to the ecliptic.. 40) Which type of telescope has the simplest light path? 40) A) single lens refractor B) prime focus reflector C) achromatic refractor D) Cassegrain reflector E) Newtonian reflector - 6 -