YEAR 9 (13+) SCHOLARSHIP. May 2017 for entry in September 2017 SCIENCE 1. Your Name: Your School:.. You may use an eraser and a calculator if needed.

Transcription

1 YEAR 9 (13+) SCHOLARSHIP May 2017 for entry in September 2017 SCIENCE 1 Your Name: Your School:.. Time allowed: 1 hour Equipment needed: Pen, pencil, ruler, graph paper. You may use an eraser and a calculator if needed. Information for candidates: 1. Write your name and school on this page. 2. Write all of your answers on the question papers in the space provided. If you need additional paper then please ask the invigilator. Please put your name on the sheets of paper you use. 3. The marks for each question or part question are shown in square brackets [ ] after the question. 4. Answer ALL QUESTIONS in SECTION A [60 marks] and ONE QUESTION ONLY from SECTION B [10 marks].

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3 SECTION A Answer all questions in this section. 1. The figure below shows structures in the human thorax. a) Complete the table by identifying parts A, B and C and describing their roles in breathing in. [6] Part Name Role in breathing in A B C 1

4 b) There are special cells that line the bronchus to help keep it free from dust and bacteria. Describe how the actions of these cells would be affected by one named compound of tobacco smoke. [4] 2. The figure below shows stages in the formation of a human fetus. a) State one way in which the sperm cell is different from cells in the development of the fetus. [1] b) State the term used to describe the fertilised egg cell. [1] c) Explain what determines that a fertilised egg cell develops into a girl rather than a boy. [1] 2

5 d) State where each of the following is produced. [3] (i) (ii) The egg cell The fertilised egg (iii) The fetus e) The fetus is surrounded by amniotic fluid and an amniotic sac. State their functions. [2] Amniotic fluid. Amniotic sac. f) Outline the role of the placenta in the development of the fetus. [2] 3

6 3. Solder is a mixture of lead and tin. The melting point of solder depends on the amount of tin in the mixture. a) Look at the table below (i) The melting point of pure tin is 232 C. What is the melting point of pure lead? [1] C (ii) Use the data in the table to plot the points on the grid below. Four of the points are plotted for you. Draw an appropriate line of best fit. [3] 4

7 b) Use your graph to estimate the amount of tin needed to make solder with the lowest melting point [1] % c) Describe how the melting point of solder changes with the amount of tin in the solder. [2] d) The diagrams below show the arrangement of atoms in solid samples of pure lead and pure tin. Which box shows the correct arrangement of the lead atoms and tin atoms in a sample of solder that has a melting point of 212 C at room temperature? Use the table on the previous page. Tick the correct box. [1] 5

8 4. In this question the names of the some of the chemicals involved have been changed from their real names. Tonbridgium (Tg), Sennockium (Sk), Dartfordium (Df) and Wallyium (Wa) are all metals. Tonbridgium oxide (TgO) was heated with some Sennockium (Sk). There was a violent reaction sparks, smoke, a bright flash. Sennockium oxide (SkO) was heated with some Dartfordium (Df). There were some obvious signs of reaction - a glow, a little bit of white smoke and a definite change in the appearance of the mixture when it cooled down. Wallyium oxide (WaO) was heated with some Tonbridgium (Tg) - nothing happened. Sennockium oxide (SkO) was heated with some Wallyium (Wa) and there were some signs of reaction. a) Arrange the elements Tg, Sk and Df in order of increasing reactivity (least reactive first) [2] b) What further experiment needs to be done to establish the complete reactivity series for all four elements? [1] c) Complete these word equations [2] Wallyium + Sennockium Oxide Tonbridgium + Dartfordium Oxide 6

9 d) A piece of Sennockium was dropped into water, it fizzed and dissolved. (i) What gas was being produces as it reacted? [1] (ii) Write a word equation for this reaction [2] e) Describe a test, including the result, that could be done to identify the gas produced in this reaction. [2] 5. Give the chemical formula of: (i) any acid [1] (ii) any alkali or base [1] 7

10 6. The diagram below shows the path of a meteor as it gets closer to the Earth. The meteor is shown in three positions: A, B and C. not to scale a) The path of the meteor is affected by the Earth s gravity. The arrow shows the direction of the force due to gravity acting on the meteor at B. (i) (ii) On the diagram draw an arrow to show the direction of the force of gravity on the meteor at A. Use a ruler. [1] On the diagram draw an arrow to show the direction of the force of gravity on the meteor at C. Use a ruler. [1] (iii) How does the force of gravity on the meteor change as it travels from A to C? [1] b) What happens to the speed of the meteor as it travels from A to B? [1] c) When the meteor enters the Earth s atmosphere, three forces act on the meteor. Gravitational force and upthrust are two of these forces. Give the name of the other force. [1] 8

11 7. The bulb in the jigsaw is lit up. a) Select the object, from the four choices below, which can be used to complete the circuit in the jigsaw. [1] Object: b) Which bell makes the loudest sound? Tick the correct box. [1] Bell A Bell B Bell C 9

12 8. A remote-controlled car was timed over a period of 10 seconds. A graph of distance against time is shown below. a) Describe the motion of the car between: (i) 2 seconds and 6 seconds. [1] (ii) 9 seconds and 10 seconds. [1] b) Calculate the average speed of the car between 0 and 10 seconds. Give the unit. [3] 10

13 c) The diagram below shows two of the forces acting on the car when it is moving. (i) When the motor was switched off, the car slowed down and then stopped. While the car was slowing down, which of the following was true? Tick the correct box. [1] Friction was zero and the forward force was greater than zero. The forward force was zero and friction was greater than zero. Friction was zero and the forward force was zero. The forward force and friction were both greater than zero. (ii) Use the graph to find the time when the car started to slow down. [1] The car started to slow down after s. 9. The diagram shows where heat is lost from a house that is not insulated. 11

14 a) Through which part of the house is most heat lost? [1] b) Suggest two ways the heat loss through the windows be reduced? [2] c) A homeowner wants to reduce her energy bills and make her home more energy efficient. The table shows five ways this could be done. The table also shows how much money each way would save the homeowner each year. Cost Money saved each year Installing loft insulation Fitting draught-proofing Installing cavity wall insulation Adding a hot water tank jacket Using energy efficient light bulbs (i) Which one of the five ways of reducing energy bills would reduce the yearly energy bill the most? [1] (ii) This year the homeowner has only got 60 to spend to improve the energy efficiency of her home. Use the information in the table to explain what the homeowner should spend this money on. [2] 12 Total marks for Section A: 60 marks

15 SECTION B Answer one question from this section. EITHER 1. Fig 4.1 shows a transverse section or cross-section through an Ammophila leaf. This plant has very long roots. Fig 4.2 shows a cactus plant. Both plants live in very dry conditions. a) Suggest how each of the following adaptations would enable the named plant to survive in very dry conditions. (i) Ammophila 1. Rolled leaves with stomata on the inside of the leaf [2] 2. Thick waxy cuticle on the outside of the leaf [2] 13

16 (ii) Cactus 1. Very long roots [2] 2. Fleshy green stem [2] b) Suggest why having only a few, very small leaves could be a disadvantage to a plant [2] Total marks for Question 1: 10 marks OR 2. In an experiment to find out the boiling point and the melting point of a substance, X, the substance was cooled from a gas to a solid and its temperature was recorded in the following table: Time (mins) Temperature ( o C)

17 a) Name the pieces of equipment that are used to measure the time and temperature. [1] b) Using the results in the table above, plot a graph on the separate sheet of graph paper provided. Make sure to label both axes. [4] c) From your graph, determine the boiling point of substance X? [1] d) From your graph, determine the freezing point of substance X? [1] e) Explain why temperature of the gas drops from 0 to 6min. [2] f) What is the temperature of the room the experiment was carried out in? [1] Total marks for Question 2: 10 marks OR 3. Josh has a helium-filled balloon. a) He wants to calculate the speed of his balloon as it rises to the ceiling. 15

18 (i) What two measurements should he take to calculate the average speed of his balloon? 1 [1] 2 [1] (ii) How can he use these measurements to calculate the speed of his balloon? [1] Josh attached different masses to his balloon. For each mass, he calculated the speed of rise of the balloon. His results are shown below. mass (g) speed of rise (mm/s) b) How does the table show that the balloon went downwards? [1] 16

19 c) Josh plotted two points on the graph as shown. Complete the graph by plotting the missing points and draw a line of best fit. [2] (i) From the graph, find the mass needed to keep the balloon floating in one place. [1] Mass needed = g (ii) Using your ideas about forces, can you explain Josh s results? [3] Total marks for Question 3: 10 marks 17