History and modernity of the study of Space Weather in Russia
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1 History and modernity of the study of Space Weather in Russia Klimov, S.I., A.A. Petrukovich Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI RAN), , 84/32 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, Russia 1
2 History and modernity of the study of Space Weather Klimov, S.I., A.A. Petrukovich Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI RAN), , 84/32 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, Russia 2
3 At the international level, formulated a series of initiatives on Space Weather, which aims at the development of action plan countries participating in space activities to mitigate the impacts of the factors of Space Weather on space activities. These initiatives emanate from the Committee on the peaceful uses of outer space (UN COPUOS) the working group Technical Subcommittee on the Long-term sustainability of outer space activities", by the Scientific Committee on solar-terrestrial physics (SCOSTEP) in the framework of the "International initiative on Space Weather", regularly considered at meetings of the UN COPUOS from the scientific community in the framework of Roadmap on Space Weather under the auspices of COSPAR and International living with a star, etc. Also are exist documents as Strategy of the United States and on Space Weather" and Action Plan of the USA Space Weather". 3
4 The United Nations (UN) The Committee on the peaceful uses of of outer space (UN COPUOS) Scientific and Technical Subcommittee The working group "Long-term sustainablethe development of space activities" The expert group (A, B, C, D) A B C D Expert group C Space Weather
5 Expert group C Space Weather Recommendations for the mitigation of space weather for space activities 1. A consistent approach to monitoring and studying space weather: modeling of space weather phenomena and their dynamics; drawing up of forecasts; research of influence of space weather on technical systems; development and implementation of technical standards for design and the manufacture of satellites and other space and ground equipment. 2. Consolidate the results of all observations for the purpose of receiving a comprehensive picture of the status of space weather. 3. International cooperation and coordination of stakeholders of the parties around the world to lasting improvements in the area space weather: to create a joint satellite observation system; providing secure access to reports; capacity development in the field of service and maintenance of global consistency of end-products users.
6 UN global observing system and monitoring 18 operating missions on (29 spacesrafts) Voyager-2, Geotail, Wind, SOHO, ACE, Cluster-4, TIMED, RHESSI, TWINS-2, Hinode, STEREO-2, THEMIS/ARTEMIS-5, AIM, CINDI, IBEX, SDO, Van Allen Probes-2, IRIS. 9 missions in preparation SET, MMS, SOC, ICON, GOLD, Interheliozond, Resonance, Ionosonde, Solar Orbiter, Solar Probe Plus. 6
7 Space Weather solar and geomagnetic activity
8 Aurora the only manifestation of Space Weather available to the naked tool man
9 1600 William Gilbert explained the work of the compass the Earth's magnetic field as a whole 1806 Alexander von Humboldt noticed the trembling of the magnetic needle during the Aurora. Magnetic storm change 1-10% of the Earth's field
10 Sunspots occasionally seen since ancient times Galileo. First spots scientific observation 1128 First known image of the spots. Medieval English chronicle
11 Sunspots and magnetic storms Richard Carrington. First observation of a solar flare for the first time clearly mapped sunspots, flare, auroras and magnetic storm Samuel Schwabe. First discovered the 11-year cyclicity in solar spots
12 Sunspots the result of the presence of a magnetic field and rotation Spot the area of high of the magnetic field. Magnetic field obscures the flow of energy from the depths of the Sun, this area is colder looks darker on a bright background Plasma allows us to "see" magnetic field
13 13
14 Magnetic storm. This is a significant perturbation of the magnetosphere, caused by an abnormal increase in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field Storm - induced average magnetic cloud, has energy 10*16-10*17 Joules ~ 10 megatons
15 Current Factors: - Solar short-wave radiation 8 min. - Solar cosmic rays 1-12 hours - Magnetic cloud (magnetic storm) 2-3 days - Magnetospheric radiation - Inhomogeneity of the magnetosphere and ionosphere - Variations of the geomagnetic field 15
16 The Earth is inside a huge electromagnetic installation: electromagnetic interference on equipment: communication, power lines, exploration, pipelines, railways, automation
17 Telecommunications. ionosphere the upper layer of the atmosphere ( km), ionized by solar radiation - environment for propagation Electromagnetic interference (EMI) after solar flares and magnetic storms: - Local communication in the circumpolar regions; - Space communications GPS/GLONASS
18 Radiation hazard for astronauts On the ISS, the radiation dose is acceptable the protection housing and the Earth's magnetic field. During solar flares you cannot go into space. Outside of the magnetosphere recruited for the year lethal dose: the restriction on flights to other planets.
19 Solar activity and climate The 11-year period in the annual rings The sun is a stable star. The flow of solar radiation THE SOLAR CONSTANT~ 1.5 kw per 1 sq. m. The effect of the solar variability not more than 0.1% of the solar constant
20 Heliobiology 27-day periodicity mental disorders 1932 Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky Probably has a small effect on the human body manifests itself individually more likely to have unhealthy people mechanism of the effect is unclear
21 International initiative on space weather (SCOSTEP) Distribution of instruments across the globe 17 existing networks and chains of similar devices that measure different characteristics of solar activity, ionosphere, atmosphere, geomagnetic field and cosmic rays. 100 countries used by over 1000 instruments provided by 16 developed countries. Part of Russia: 3 magnetometers Cape Schmidt, Magadan, Paratunka; 2 camera and optical IR range Magadan, Paratunka; 1 solar radio spectrometer Badary (Irkutsk).
22 Space Weather forecast - the Sun rotation period of 27 days The forecast for the monthforecast return active region (spots) The forecast for the week the stain is already visible on the left of the disk. Forecast for two or three days the more and more dynamic the spot, the greater the likeli hood of outbreaks
23 Space Weather forecast - the Earth The forecast for the week the stain is already visible on the left of the disk Forecast for two or three days the more and more dynamic the spot, the greater the likelihood of outbreaks The forecast for 1-2 hours monitoring the solar wind before Earth. Reliability >90%
24 SPACE WEATHER With the star we were lucky...
25 SPACE WEATHER With the star we were lucky... THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!
26 26
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