Introduction to astronomical spectroscopy trough the eyes of an Alpy 600 spectrograph in Cygnus constellation
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1 Introduction to astronomical spectroscopy trough the eyes of an Alpy 600 spectrograph in Cygnus constellation Olivier THIZY Webb Society annual meeting Cambridge, 20 june 2015 Photo: Jim Edlin, OHP
2 Agenda How does a slit spectroscope works? Kirchhoff's law through Albireo exemple P Cygni: Doppler Fizeau effect Nova Del 2013: Spectro-photometry, pro/am Pulsating stars: quest for higher resolution Some other variable stars Conclusions
3 Inside the Alpy 600 spectroscope objective lens collimator lens disperser (prism or grating) sensor source slit
4 Importance of the slit 3mm slit (hole) 300µm slit 25µm slit
5 Cat's eye nebula / no slit Vs slit R=100, without slit R=17000, slit R=1000, 23µm slit Torsten Hansen, Robin Leadbeater, O. Thizy
6 Mirror slit Centering (auto)guiding C. Buil, O. Thizy
7 The Alpy 600 system on a scope a spectrum is an image that can be also displayed as a spectral profile
8 Kirchhoff's law's through Albireo beta Cygni (Albireo) Photos: Jim Edlin (Cygne), Eric Coustal (Albireo)
9 Albireo (1) (1) Overshape profile (2) Absorption lines (3) Emission line (3) (1) (2) Photos: Eric Coustal (Albireo) & Wikipedia Perfect exemple of Kirchhoff's laws...
10 1: overall profile --> Temp. 4000K Wikipedia: 4080K 13000K Wikipedia: 13200K Analyse: VisualSpec; photo Aliréo: Eric Coustal
11 2: stellar atmosphere Hydrogen lines
12 Spectral classification hydrogène 68 Cyg O5V lam Cyg B5V 40 Cyg A3V the Cyg F4V zet Cyg G8II 61 Cyg K5V 19 Cyg M2IIIa H/K Na (D) Oh, Be A Fine Girl/Guy... Kiss Me! atmosphère
13 Absorption lines physics Exemple for the hydrogen atom Sources: &:
14 Temperature Vs line strength 40 Cyg A3V the Cyg F4V 19 Cyg M2IIIa ex: calcium 'Ca II' hydrogène toward cooler effective temperature
15 Luminosity class Alp Cyg (A2I) 40 Cyg (A3V)
16 Hertzspring-Russell diagram J. Kaler / N. Walker
17 3: emission lines Photos: Eric Coustal (Albireo) & Wikipedia non super-giant B type star showing or having shown a Balmer line in emission Discovered in 1866 by father Secchi: gamma Cas, beta Lyrae... Disk of matter ejected from the star and re-emitting energy through emission line Cf:
18 Emission lines physics excitation by radiation excitation by shocks Exemple for the hydrogen atom Sources: &:
19 Albireo summary (1) (1) Overall profile = effective Planck temperature (2) Energy absorption (photons) = stellar atmosphere (3) Energy emitted = circumstellar disk (3) (1) (2) Photos: Eric Coustal (Albireo) & Wikipedia...thanks Mr Kirchhoff!
20 Where is Charly?...or how the Doppler-Fizeau effect is important......and why photometry & spectroscopy are complementary......and why high resolution is fun... Photo: Jim Edlin, OHP
21 P Cygni Luminous Blue Variable P Cygni Ha 1 mag! Hg Hb He I
22 Doppler Fizeau effect Universe expansion = red shift (Δ λ) ν = λ c
23 v P Cygni profile / Doppler effect A v étoile v B A expanding shell v A: gas emission B: gas absorption lb la v ~ c (la-lb)/lb
24 Wolf Rayet stars WR 140 WR 136 WC7p+O5 WN6h
25 Wolf Rayet massive stars evolution James Lequeux: naissance, vie et mort des étoiles (EDP Sciences)
26 Nova Del 2013
27 Nova Del 2013 P Cygni profile
28 Nova Del 2013: Pro-Am campaign Over 1100 spectra, 40 people active for the nova spectral follow up An excellent collaboration with a professional astronomer - Steve Shore A structured campaign: Source: Google Map / O. Thizy
29 Photometry or Spectroscopy? 1. The fire ball and optically thick phase from to The fisrt decline part I from to ? BOTH ARE IMPORTANT AND COMPLEMENTARY!!! Source:ARAS
30 Photometry or Spectroscopy? 3. The first decline part II from to The nebular phase from to Source:ARAS
31 Spectro-Photometry: special slit HD Source:C. Buil
32 Absolute spectrophotometry #1 Spectra required: target + reference / narrow + large slit Source:C. Buil
33 Absolute spectrophotometry #2 Source: F. Teyssier
34 Absolute spectrophotometry #2 Source: F. Teyssier
35 Absolute spectrophotometry #2 ~V mag Source: F. Teyssier
36 Absolute spectrophotometry #2 Source: F. Teyssier
37 Pulsating stars: RR Lyrae RR Lyr Spectres: C. Buil
38 Pulsating stars: RR Lyrae RR Lyr Spectres: C. Buil
39 Pulsating stars: RR Lyrae RR Lyr Spectres: O. Thizy (LISA) / Olivier Garde (eshel)
40 Pulsating stars: quest for higher resolution BW Vul l time BW Vul He I 5678
41 Where is Charly?...or how the Universe can very diverse... Photo: Jim Edlin, OHP
42 R Cyg: S type, near maximum S-type: red giant at end of life, between M-type and Carbon stars Mira variable stars R Cyg ZrO (zirconium monoxyde) Ha Hb Na
43 V460 Cyg V460 Cyg: type C6,3 C2 C6,3 spectral type :Carbon stars Teff ~3200K Measure the C2 bands variations
44 Symbiotic star: CH Cyg Red Giant + white dwarf Mass transfer CH Cyg Ha Hd Hg Hb
45 Star of the moment!!! CH Cyg
46 another Symbiotic star: BF Cyg BF Cyg Ha Hd Hg Hb
47 Microquasars Cygnus X-1 V ~ 25% c SS 433 Spectre: Christian Buil / Dessin: wikipedia
48 The future: robotic observations! Spectre: T. Lemoult
49 The future: robotic observations! Spectre: T. Lemoult
50 The future: robotic observations! Spectre: T. Lemoult
51 The future: robotic observations! Spectre: T. Lemoult
52 The future: robotic observations! Spectre: T. Lemoult
53 The future: robotic observations! Spectre: T. Lemoult
![abondance, pressure, gravity their movements [Doppler effect] Spectroscopy is an](/docs-images/74/69985370/images/54-3.jpg "additional tool for variable stars study complementary to photometry main tool")
54 Conclusions Spectroscopy teaches lot of information about stars their temperature [overall profile] their composition and physical conditions abondance, pressure, gravity their movements [Doppler effect] Spectroscopy is an additional tool for variable stars study complementary to photometry main tool for professional astronomers off-the-shelf equipment & software now available more and more amateur are doing spectroscopy active Pro/Am community Join Us Schéma : Bengt Gustafsson
55 OHP Spectroscopy workshop august Schéma : Bengt Gustafsson
56
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