Neutrino Astronomy at the South Pole

Transcription

1 Neutrino Astronomy at the South Pole David Boersma UW Madison New Views of the Universe Chicago, 10 December 2005

2 Cosmic Ray Spectrum 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 2

3 High Energy neutrinos Berezinsky et al, 1985 Gaisser, Stanev, 1985 p Beam-dump model: π 0 γ-astronomy π ± ν-astronomy γ 0 ± π π µ ν µ Neglecting γ absorption (uncertain) ϕ ν ϕ γ Targets: p or ambient γ e ν e ν µ ν e ν µ ν τ 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 3

4 Neutrino Detection ν µ µ W X X µ ν µ Angle(ν µ,µ) 1 (at E=1TeV) Detected energy deposit by muon gives lower limit for energy of neutrino 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 4

5 Neutrino Detection ν e,τ W X X e,τ ν µ,e,τ Z X X µ,e,τ 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 5

6 Optical properties of Absorption vs λ and depth Scattering vs λ and depth ice bubbles dust dust Average optical ice parameters: AMANDA/IceCube ANTARES λ ~ nm abs λ abs ~ nm λ ~ sca nm λ ~ sca nm 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 6

7 ANTARTICA ANTARTICA Amundsen Scott South Pole Station IceCube South Pole road to work Dome AMANDA 1500 m 10mDecember [not to scale] Summer camp Population: Austral Summer: ~240 people David New Views of the Universe Austral Winter: ~60 people 7

8 IceCube Collaboration Bartol Bartol Research Research Institute, Institute, Delaware, Delaware, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State State University, University, UC UC Berkeley, Berkeley, UC UC Irvine, Irvine, Clark-Atlanta Clark-Atlanta University, University, (12) (12) Europe University University of of Maryland, Maryland, Europe (13) (13) Japan Japan IAS, IAS, Princeton, Princeton, University University of of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, University University of of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, River River Falls, Falls, LBNL, LBNL, Berkeley, Berkeley, University University of of Kansas, Kansas, Southern Southern University University and and A&M A&M College, College, Baton Baton Rouge, Rouge, New New Zealand ANTARCTICA Zealand Universite UniversiteLibre Librede de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium Belgium Universität UniversitätWuppertal, Germany Germany Chiba Chiba University, University, Japan Japan Uppsala Uppsala university, university, Sweden Vrije Vrije Universiteit Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium Belgium Sweden University University of of Canterbury, Canterbury, Université Universitéde de Gent, Gent, Belgium Belgium Stockholm Stockholm university, university, Sweden Sweden Christchurch, Christchurch, New New Zealand Zealand Imperial Imperial College, College, London, London, UK Université Universitéde de Mons-Hainaut, Mons-Hainaut, Belgium Belgium UK Oxford Oxford university, university, UK Universität UniversitätMainz, Germany Germany UK DESY-Zeuthen, DESY-Zeuthen, Germany Germany Utrecht Utrecht University, University, Netherlands Netherlands Universität UniversitätDortmund, Germany Germany 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 8

9 AMANDA AMANDA A (1996) AMANDA B10 ( ) 302 OMs on 10 strings Ø 120m, 500m tall DAQ: TDC/ADC (surface) AMANDA II ( x) 677 OMs on 19 strings Ø 200m, 500m tall Trigger rate 80 Hz Since 2003: TWR 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 9

10 AMANDA II μ tracks pointing error : 1.5º 2.5º σ[log 10 (E μ /TeV)]: coverage: 2π Cascades (particle showers) pointing error: 30º 40º σ[log 10 (E c /TeV)]: coverage: 4π cosmic rays (+SPASE) combined pointing err : < 0.5º σ[log 10 (E p /TeV)]: Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 524, 169 (2004) energy deposited in OM time recorded on OM 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 10

11 AMANDA research topics Steady sources of neutrinos Point sources (AGNi( AGNi) Diffuse flux (with muons) Diffuse flux (with cascades) Atmosphere (cosmic rays) Gravitationally trapped WIMPs Magnetic monopoles Search for sources with time variability GRBs Supernovae Flaring AGNi 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 11

12 Point source search Combined data from (livetime 807 days) z 3329 (upward going) neutrino events z Highest excess: 3.4 sigma (chance probability: 92%) z Crab nebula: 10 events, <Nbg>=5.4 (chance probability with 33 source candidates: 64%) 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 12

13 Atmospheric Muons & Neutrinos E deposited N ch Get E ν and E µ through unfolding 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 13

14 Diffuse flux 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 14

15 The first km 3 detector: IceCube 60/OM string 17 m vertical distance Strings in vertices of 125 m-side triangles 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 15

16 LED flasher board PMT base main board 25 cm PMT 33 cm Benthosphere 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 16

17 Jan 2005: 1 string (60 DOMs) + 4/8 tanks/ stations deployed 2005/6 Plan (starting now!) strings 24/12 tanks/stations IceCube construction Full detector: December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 17

18 High Energy muons E μ = 6 PeV 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 18

19 Contained High Energy Shower E = 375 TeV 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 19

20 High Energy Tau (double bang) E 10 PeV 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 20

21 Ice is a quiet detection medium September 2005 InIce Noise Rates Dubbel Oxygen 800 Conchiglie Schneider Weisse Porter Rate (Hz) Bat Erik Segersaell Gnu Avocado Bucatini Phenol String 21 DOM Position (compare: expected ~60kHz per OM in ANTARES) 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 21

22 First IceTop IceCube IceCube coincidence event 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 22

23 Conclusions & Outlook AMANDA showed the feasibility of High Energy Neutrino astronomy with ice as the detection medium. IceCube will be the coolest neutrino telescope on Earth. Maybe extended with acoustic detectors (extension to EHE) 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 23

24 Extra Material WIMPs IceTop GRB Deployment Flasher 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 24

25 χ WIMPs from the Sun ν χ + χ W + + W ν + ν 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 25 l

26 WIMP limits 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 26

27 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 27

28 IceTop 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 28

29 IceCube s First String: January 28, , 10:08: Reached maximum depth of 2517 m 28.1, 7:00: preparations for string installation start 9:15: Started installation of the first DOM 22:36: last DOM installed 12 min/dom 22:48: Start drop 29.1, 1:31: String secured at depth of :40: First communication to DOM 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 29

30 All 60 DOMs 10 December 2005 David New Views of the Universe 30