IAA Pre-Summit Conference, Washington, DC, 9 January 2014

Transcription

1 Sanjay S. Limaye, Luidmilla Zasova, Colin F. Wilson, Richard C. Ghail, A.C. Vandaele, W. J. Markiewicz, Thomas Widemann, Takeshi Imamura, Franck Montmessin, Emmanuel. Marcq, James A. Cutts, James Head IAA Pre-Summit Conference, Washington, DC, 9 January 2014

2 IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye - 2

3 Topography from Magellan about 100 times coarser than measured for Mars How did these environments come about? Did life evolve on all three planets? IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye - 3

4 Why are the three planetary neighbors so different? How, why and when did they take different evolutionary paths? What can these three planets inform us about exo-planets with atmospheres? Venus is a key piece of the puzzle. Exploration of the solar system began with Venus, and much about Venus remains a mystery for lack of a comprehensive and coordinated effort IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International, Coordinated Missions Limaye - 4

5 Venus should be the most Earthlike planet we know Formed at about the same time Similar bulk composition with same size Comparable solar energy input despite orbit differences An accessible planet for validating ideas about exo-planets with atmospheres Early Venus was probably much like early Earth Hot dense atmosphere rich in CO2 and water Similar initial inventory of volatiles and noble gas isotopes Liquid water on the surface, so climate was very different Likely spinning faster Venus also illustrates an extreme fate of the Earth Run-away greenhouse effect restricted by the deep oceans to lower than Venus temperatures, but still worrisome. In the far future, the insolation at Earth will be similar to Venus today. Without the ubiquitous cloud cover, what will the climate be like? IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 5

6 Why does Venus spin backwards and so slowly? Did it have a moon? Did the atmosphere slow the forward spin and make it spin backwards? How does Venus lose its heat? Why doesn t Venus have a magnetic field? Did Venus ever have a liquid water ocean? How and when did Venus lose its water? Did life ever evolve on Venus? Why does the atmosphere rotate so fast? What absorbs the incident sunlight in the ultraviolet? Does Venus have active volcanoes? Are any of the terrestrial rocky exo-planets with atmospheres like Venus? IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye - 6

7 Venus: Key Measurements Needed Why? Measurement Platform Origin and Evolution Origin and Evolution Atmospheric superrotation Geology and Interior Geology and Interior Accurate measurements of isotopic abundances of noble and light gases Estimates of angular momentum exchange between the solid planet and the atmosphere Estimates of latitudinal transport of angular momentum in the atmosphere High Resolution Imaging of Surface Morphology and Topography Search for active surface changes (volcanic, tectonic, aeolian) Flying, Floating, Descending Probe Surface package Flying, Multi- Level Floating Orbiter Orbiter Origin and Evolution High resolution gravity field Orbiter How does Venus Work? Volcanic Activity Orbiter/Flying How does Venus Work? Lightning and electrical activity Orbiter How does Venus Work? IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Composition and nature of the ultraviolet absorber(s) responsible for absorption of incident solar energy Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Flying, Floating Limaye et al. - 7

8 NASA Venus Flagship Mission Study (NASA) Venus Climate Mission (Decadal ) Venus In-Situ Explorer (NF, Decadal Survey) Discovery and NF Proposals (24 so far, 7 last AO) Russia Venera-D Mission (Launch in ) ESA Venus Express (through 2014) Cosmic Vision Proposals: EVE balloon and Envision radar orbiter (2007, 2010) Also Proposed for L2/L3 Themes Proposed to ESA L2/L3 NASA Venus Flagship Mission Study (2008) JAXA Venus Climate Orbiter (Akatsuki, VOI in 2015) ISRO?? Venera-Dolgozhivushaya (long-lasting) - the first Russian project in the post-soviet era to explore Venus ( ) IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al.-8

9 VESAT VESPER Orbiter Discovery Proposal SAGE New Frontiers Proposal ESA Balloon Mission Study IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 9

10 Technology Readiness Level Launch Mission Cost Launch Vehicle DSN TRL 6 by 2015 $3-4 B (FY08) Delta IVH Equivalent 34 m Ka Band stations Orbiter Balloons (54 and 70 km) 4 years 1 Month Landers (2) h (Entry) and 5 h (Surface) Instruments Entry Surface InSAR ASI ASI Microscopic Imager Vis-NIR Imaging GC-MS Vis-NIR Cameras, Spot Spectrometer XRD/XRF Neutral Ion Mass Spectrometer Sub-mm Spectrometer Magnetometer Nephelometer GC-MS Heat Flux Plate Vis-NIR Camera Magnetometer Magnetometer Net Flux Radiometer Passive Gamma Ray Detector Sample Acquisition, Xfer and Preparation System Langmuir Probe Radio Science Nephelometer Drill to ~ 10 cm Radio Science Microwave Corner (USO) Reflector IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 10

11 IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 11

12 Venus Design Reference Mission Orbiter Launch Vehicle Mass (CBE + Cont.) Payload mass (CBE + Cont.) Design Power Attitude Control Telecom Functions Atlas V-551 (w/ 5 m diameter fairing) 5306 kg (wet); 2275 kg (dry) kg Dual string design 32 m2 solar panels (9868 W EOL) 3 axis stabilized 4 m Ka/X-band (Orbiter-to-Earth to 34-m DSN antennas); 0.5m S-band (Orbiter-to-in situ); 2.5m S-band (Orbiter-to-in situ); Relay telecom support for in situ elements (30 days); 6 months of aerobraking to science orbit; Science orbiter (2 years baseline & 2 years extended) Science data return ~300 Tbits of data to Earth over 2 years of science ops. IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 12

13 Proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision L2/L3 IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 13

14 Proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision L2/L3 IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Limaye et al. - 14

15 Proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision L2/L3 IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 15

16 International Collaboration: Recent Developments COSPAR International Venus Exploration Working Group (IVEWG) formed at the 2012 General Assembly to foster dialog Proximity of Venus and short journey makes Venus a good exploration target for a collaborative and coordinated independent effort by the international agencies Concurrent and overlapping missions can increase the science value returned by deploying coordinated missions Deployment of innovative technologies and sharing of ground resources is crucial through international agreements SAR or InSAR from orbit Low Level Balloon UAV at cloud tops IAA Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 16

17 Exploring Venus: An International Effort The international Venus community is united regarding the key science goals and has come together through past and continuing collaborations: VeGa Balloon Mission (US and USSR) Magellan and Venera 15/16 Venus International Reference Atmosphere Venus Express Mission (ESA/NASA) Akatsuki (JAXA/NASA/ESA) Venera-D (IKI/Roscosmos and NASA) International Space Science Institute International Teams for Models of Venus Atmosphere COSPAR International Venus Exploration Working Group (IVEWG) IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. -17

18 Coordinated Effort with Collaborations under the constrained budgets will be successful through: Independent and coordinated effort with international participation through exchange of mission elements, instruments and scientists Planning, Coordination and sharing of data IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 18

19 IAA Pre Summit Conference, 9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 19

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21 Thank you!