Space LUVOIR Telescope : Indian perspectives. A. N. Ramaprakash

Transcription

1 Space LUVOIR Telescope : Indian perspectives A. N. Ramaprakash

2 Landscape Golden era for Astronomy in India Large investments in TMT, SKA, LIGO Several space missions underway Large international participation in other areas too ITER, FAIR Indian Space Research Organization Quite Successful However science support started in earnest only about a decade ago Astronomy community is small ~400 active astronomers 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 2

3 Science Drivers Only two groups in Exo-planets Characterizing Atmospheres RV instrument development High Resolution UVO spectroscopy Cosmology (eg: variation of fundamental constants, EoR) Abudance (Peculiar stars, Archeoastronomy) Low-Medium Resolution IFU Spectroscopy Galactic Dynamics Effect of environment in evolution Time Domain Astronomy SNe, Novae, GRBs, AGNs Optical, Radio, EM counterparts of GW sources Polarization 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 3

4 PARAS PRL optical fiber-fed high-resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph (PARAS) PI : Abhijit Chakraborty (PRL, India) single-shot spectral coverage of A at a resolution of 67,000 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 4

5 PARAS 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 5

6 PARAS 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 6

7 DOTIFS 3.6m OIR Telescope in the Himalayan region Operated by ARIES, Nainital Devasthal Optical Telescope Integral Field Spectrograph Co-Is: S. Ravindranath (exiucaa), A. Omar (ARIES) About 2500 optical fibres 16 Deployable IFUs each 8 x8 in sky 0.8 resolution in the sky, 8 field of view nm spectral coverage R=2000 spectral resolution Side port compatible design Compact, Fast and High throughput Sensitivity of few x ergs cm 2 per second per angstrom Delivery in late 2017-early 2018 Haeun Chung (KIAS, South Korea) is working at IUCAA for his Ph. D. formal supervisor Prof. C. Park S. Chattopadhyay s Ph. D. thesis 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 7

8 IFU: (12x12) (hexagonal microlens array) 7.4 ⅹ16 8 arcmin /07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 8

9 DOTIFS 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 9

10 RoboPol Robotic Polarimeter on Skinakas 1.3m telescope Roles Caltech, USA Funding, Robotic Software, Science MPIfR, Germany Funding, Science UoC, Greece Skinakas 4 nights per week, Science NCU, Poland Funding, Science IUCAA Instrument design, building & commissioning, Science Three year optical linear polarization survey of ~100 blazars Fermi selected high variability index Complementary radio observations from OVRO+ Three year survey completed by end 2015 One year auxiliary survey carried out in 2016 Several new discoveries reported 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 10

11 RoboPol Commissioning 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 11

12 Future WALOP polarimetric survey with unprecedented sensitivity (R~16.5), efficiency (30 minutes for 0.5x0.5 degree) and accuracy (0.01%) At least two telescopes, one is South Africa and one in Greece CMB foreground removal from BICEP2/3, SPIDER, Keck Successful review and funding in four continents Infosys Foundation (India), Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece), National Research Foundation (South Africa) and National Science Foundation (USA) WALOP Pathfinder Sutherland 1m telescope WIRC Pol Palomar 5m telescope combine RoboPol concept with polarization gratings to make a very unique instrument 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 12

13 Robo-AO future : irobo-ao, NIR Camera 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 13

14 Robo-AO future : irobo-ao, NIR Camera 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 14

15 Robo-AO future : irobo-ao, NIR Camera 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 15

16 Robo-AO future : irobo-ao, NIR Camera 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 16

17 Focal Plane Array Controllers Successful programme for developing detector controllers for over 25 years Version 5 is currently in use at IGO IUCAA Digital Sampling Array Controller V2 (IDSAC) DOTIFS, WALOP South Africa IUCAA SIDECAR Drive Electronics Controller V3 (ISDEC) for HxRG detectors RSS-NIR (SALT), CIRCE (GTC), MIRADAS (GTC), LMIRCam (LBTI) ++ 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 17

18 TMT OIWFS TMT On-Instrument Wavefront Sensor Acquisition System Tip/Tilt and Focus correction IUCAA work Charaterize ISDEC, SIDECAR and HAWAII detectors Develop and benchmark detector readout modes 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 18

19 Thirty Metre Telescope International Observatory A. N. Ramaprakash Associate Programme Director, India TMT (On behalf of ARIES, IIA, IUCAA & others)

20 Mega-Optical and IR Facilities 24.5-m GMT 30-m TMT 39-m E-ELT Three international projects engaged with Indian the Indian community in Evaluation process lasted over a year Need for participation Selection of the most suitable project Level of participation and human resources Community chose TMT for 10% level participation Guaranteed in-kind contribution Based on segmented technology with Keck heritage Smaller group larger say Synergy with existing facilities in the Northern hemisphere 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 20

21 India s Participation Led by India-TMT consortium Aryabhatta Research Institute for Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune India-TMT Coordination Centre (ITCC) at IIA campus Funded by DST and DAE Mega-Facilities for Basic Science Programme Other institutes and centres CDAC, TIFR, IIST, IISERs, Universities 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 21

22 India s Participation Status and Future Development of consensus among the scientific community Proposal development Technology demonstration and Prototype development Fund approval by the Union Cabinet 24 th Sept Agreements signed by Union Cabinet Minister for S&T on 2 nd Dec Execution of partner work packages Civil construction stalled /28 Resume On-site Construction of TMT International Observatory Execution of our share of work packages Development of human resources and readiness to use the facility Science Operations 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 22

23 Indian Role India s share is about 10% Cash contribution to the project capped at 30% To a common pool for common fund, infrastructure etc. Up to 70% of all partner contributions will be made in in-kind Subsystems (h/w and s/w) Human resources (b/w) Services 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 23

24 TMT Observatory: Partners Work Share USA: Segments, Polishing, Civil Works, Integration,instruments Japan:Telescope Structure, Segment Blanks, segments instruments India : M1 Control system, Software, segments Instruments Canada: Calotte type dome, AO systems, instruments China: tertiary mirror(m3) Na GS laser launching Segments, instruments 24 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA

25 Indian Role 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 25

26 Other work in progress Hardware Primary Mirror Control System Industry exploration in progress M1, M2 and M3 Coating plant Design work to be initiated Software Honeywell, Persistent Systems, Thoughtworks Observatory Control System Common Software development started Thoughtworks, Pune Initial work with CDAC Telescope Control System Preliminary design work initiated Honeywell, Pune 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 26

27 Primary Mirror Segment Polishing 574 segments of 82 different types spares 1.44 m across corners, 45mm thick Aspheric, Off-axis Curvature changes from centre to edge f/1 near paraboloid primary Radius of curvature should match to very high precision and good accuracy Surface roughness <2nm rms with no sub-surface damage Tight specification on surface figure India TMT is setting up an optics facility at IIA s Hosekote campus near Bengaluru 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 27

28 Brainware Guide Star Catalogue development Phase I and Phase II completed OIWFS Phase I completed Polarimetric Modelling Detailed end to end modelling completed Science Instrument Development MOBIE mini-studies WFOS performance modelling and optical design trade off studies Future instruments High resolution Optical Spectroscopy Mid-Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 28

29 TMT Global Participants TIPC, Beijing (Cooling) USTC, Beijing (MOBIE AGWFS) CSEM, Neuchatel (IRMS CSU) IUCAA, Pune (IR readout electronics) IIA, Bangalore (IR-GSC) NAOJ/Canon, Tokyo (IRIS imager, MOBIE cameras) NIAOT, Nanjing (MOBIE AGWFS) HIA, Victoria (IRIS OIWFS) UH IfA, Hawaii (MOBIE detector readout electronics) DI, Toronto (IRIS Science, NSCU) UCSC, Santa Cruz (MOBIE) UCLA/CIT (IRIS, IRMS) 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 29

30 TMT Science & Instrumentation TMT Science Forum 2017 to be held in India in November 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 30

31 Mars Orbiter Mission Precise Insertion of MOM on Martian Orbit on 24th September 2014 ISRO - Fourth space agency to successfully send a spacecraft to Mars orbit 1000 Earth days mission life completed 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 31

32 Main results The dust patterns around high altitude regions were studied and mean height of dust layer was estimated to be ~1.5 km. Presence of lee-wave cloud above the southern wall of Valles Marineris Oxygen exceeds CO 2 above 270 km during evening 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 32

33 AstroSat Mission To understand high energy processes in binary systems containing neutron stars and black hole sources, estimate magnetic fields of neutron stars, study star birth regions and high energy processes in extragalactic systems, detect new transient X-ray sources and do limited high-angular resolution deep field survey in UV. Niche areas Simultaneous multi-wavelength observations using single satellite UV, optical, low and high energy X-rays. Most other satellites are for a narrow range of wave band Multi-wavelength observations conducted using coordinated observing using spacecraft(s) and ground observatories Participation of major astronomy institutions and some Universities in India.

34 Thirtieth consecutive success for PSLV Lift-off from SHAR at 10:00 hrs IST on 28 th Sep 2015 Orbit: 650 km, near-equatorial; Inclination: 6 degree. S/C mass: 1515 kg; Payloads: 855 kg

35 AstroSat Payloads Indigenous Technologies UV Imaging Telescope (UVIT) Optics Super polished mirror - micro roughness 1.8 Å (LEOS). Coma <0.02waves Astig<0.2 waves ( Due to 1g) After removal of 1g Astig<0.005waves UVIT mirror assembly Inorganic coating on UVIT baffles - high absorption efficiency of 98%. Handling UV payload in class 100 clean room (IIA) Class 1000 baffles Class 100 primary mirror and detectors Class 10 is developed for future

36 Design of Coded Aperture Mask (IUCAA). Soft X-ray Telescope (TIFR) : First time indigenous development of X-ray optics; Gold coated Al foil thickness 0.2 mm with mirror roughness is 7 10 Ang. 320 confocal mirrors nested for grazing incidence. Overall image resolution 3 4 arcmin. Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Imager (TIFR): Space qualification of commercial CZT detector (VSSC). Large Area X-ray Proportional Counters (TIFR). Large area high pressure (2 atm) of ~ 6000 sq.cm Scanning Sky Monitor (ISAC): 1-D position sensitive gas proportional counters (3 no.s) on a rotating platform developed indigenously.

37 NGC 2336 as viewed by UVIT and GALEX ASTROSAT image GALEX image 1 The nearby Galaxy is resolved. 2 The spiral arms are clearly visible and well separated. GALEX mission of NASA was a successful UV mission with large field of view (1.2 deg) and image resolution of 6 arcsec. UVIT has near and far UV resolution in the order of 2 arcsec and Field of View (FOV) of about half a degree.

38 NGC 2336 in NUV & FUV NUV FUV Faint galaxy (red box) and the bright star (yellow box) are clearly visible in near UV In FUV, only the hotter stars/objects get detected. Though the galaxy is faint (red box) it has hot stars and detected in FUV image. The bright star (yellow box) is hardly visible since it is a cool star.

39 Status AstroSat completed 20 months in Orbit. After launch, the payloads were switched ON in a sequence. Oct 15 Mar 16 : Payloads performance verified in orbit. Apr 16 Sep 16 Science observations by payload teams. Oct 16 onwards Observatory is open to Indian Scientists/ researchers Oct 17 onwards Open to international researchers also (10% of the time). AstroSat First Observatory Class Mission Team ISRO + TIFR, IIA, IUCAA, CSA, UoL, NCRA, PRL, RRI

40 Chandrayaan-2 Mission Indigenous Orbiter, Lander and Rover configuration Orbiter orbit the Moon from 100 km lunar polar orbit; carries payloads for remote sensing, imaging, elemental mapping and search for water-ice. Lander soft lands on a pre-determined site on the lunar surface; payloads to measure the seismicity, thermal properties and plasma density. S/C composite module Rover rolls out of the Lander after landing. payloads for elemental analysis and composition of lunar surface. Orbiter Lander Rover Launch: 2018 by GSLV Mk-II.

41 X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) Small satellite project approved in Apr POLIX will study the degree and angle of polarization of bright X-ray sources in 5-30 kev. Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays (POLIX) payload is being developed by Raman Research Institute (RRI). Launch:

42 Aditya-L1 Mission First Indian mission to study the Sun. Halo orbit around L1 (1.5 million km from the Earth). P/l: Coronagraph, UV imager, soft and hard X-ray spectrometers, particle experiments and a magnetometer. To observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun, the corona in different wavebands. Involvement of research institutes - IIA and IUCAA. Payload development is in progress. Spacecraft deployed view Launch: by PSLV -XL. L1 orbit insertion: ~ 100 days Payloads PDR completed.

43 Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 43

44 SUIT: Science Goals Coupling and Dynamics of Solar Atmosphere Exploring the magnetic connection between chromosphere-transition region and corona Dynamics and heating of solar chromosphere Physics of partially ionized plasmas Evolution and Dynamics of Solar Prominences Temporal relationship between the onset time of eruptive filaments, associated flares and CMEs Role of Barbs in stability of filaments Waves and oscillation in Prominences Space Weather Prediction Constraining the origin of solar storms and space-weather forecasting Prominence kinematics and CME arrival time prediction Sun-Climate Relationship Solar UV Variability and Climate Change Testing and Understanding the Mg II index Atmospheric Chemistry and dynamics 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 44

45 SUIT: Science Goals 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 45

46 Going Forward Space ( ) Chandrayaan 2 Aditya-L1 Venus Mission Aditya-L5 Ground TMT NLOT (2025-) Long Range Vision for Astronomy Right time for inserting LUOVIR 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 46

47 Imagining the knowns and discovering the unknowns 18/07/2017 A. N. Ramaprakash, IUCAA 47