Performance of Energy Efficient Relaying for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

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1 Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3 Artcle Performace of Eerg Effcet Relag for Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Yug-Fa Huag Graduate Isttute of Networg ad Commucato Egeerg Chaoag Uverst of Techolog Chg-Mu Che eartmet of Electrcal Egeerg Natoal Chaghua Uverst of Educato Tsar-Rog Che eartmet of Electrcal Egeerg Natoal Chaghua Uverst of Educato Jog-Sh Che Graduate Isttute of Networg ad Commucato Egeerg Chaoag Uverst of Techolog, Tawa Follow ths ad addtoal wors at: htt://scholarwors.lb.csusb.edu/cma Recommeded Ctato Huag, Yug-Fa; Che, Chg-Mu; Che, Tsar-Rog; ad Che, Jog-Sh 007 "Performace of Eerg Effcet Relag for Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs," Commucatos of the IIMA: Vol. 7: Iss. 3, Artcle 8. Avalable at: htt://scholarwors.lb.csusb.edu/cma/vol7/ss3/8 Ths Artcle s brought to ou for free ad oe access b CSUSB ScholarWors. It has bee acceted for cluso Commucatos of the IIMA b a authorzed admstrator of CSUSB ScholarWors. For more formato, lease cotact scholarwors@csusb.edu.

2 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Performace of Eerg Effcet Relag for Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Yug-Fa Huag Graduate Isttute of Networg ad Commucato Egeerg Chaoag Uverst of Techolog, Tawa Chg-Mu Che Tsar-Rog Che eartmet of Electrcal Egeerg Natoal Chaghua Uverst of Educato, Tawa Jog-Sh Che Graduate Isttute of Networg ad Commucato Egeerg Chaoag Uverst of Techolog, Tawa Neg-Chug Wag eartmet of Comuter Scece & Iformato Egeerg Natoal Uted Uverst, Tawa ABSTRACT Ths aer rooses a ovel eerg effcet data relag scheme to mrove eerg effcec for cluster-based wreless sesor etwors WSNs. I order to reduce the eerg dssato of trasmttg sesg data at each sesor, the fed clusterg algorthm uforml dvdes the sesg area to clusters where the cluster head s deloed to the cetered of the cluster area. Moreover, to erform eerg effcet data relag fed clusterg EERFC, the cluster head s deloed as close to the s as ossble. Smulato results show that roosed EERFC deftel reduces the eerg cosumto of the sesors ad t ca further effcetl rela the cluster data. INTROUCTION The mcroch ad telecommucato techolog have bee develoed to comrse the sesg caabltes wth wreless commucato ad data rocessg Culler, 004. Mcroch sesor devces ca be aled to the certa evromet for survellace. I cotrast, some evromets that sesors batteres are hardl to be recharged would be cosdered as a mortat research toc. Here, eerg effcec ad lfetme of WSN are cosdered as most sgfcat erformace Aldz, 00. Therefore, mmzg ad balacg the eerg dssato for all sesor ods s vestgated ths aer. rect sedg data would cosume more eerg tha other methods WSN Aldz, 00. Because ever sesor ode collects data ad seds drectl data bac to the base stato, s, the far awa sesors wll ru out of eerg ucl. Thus, the drect trasmsso s ot sutable for large area Aldz, 00. I order to have better erformace, mult-ho routg rotocol s aled to the ad hoc wreless sesors commucato etwors uarte-melo, 00 Yous, 004 Zhu, 003. However, sesor odes closer to the BS cosume more eerg tha other odes to rela datayous, 004. Thus, the mult-ho trasmsso s ot sutable for desel WSN. Moreover, the cluster-based scheme erforms that those closer sesors belog to ther ow clusters. Oe of sesors, called cluster head, each cluster s resosble for delverg data bac to the base stato. Ths scheme erforms eerg effcec wth that the cluster head ca comress data ad sed bac to the base stato. Geerall, the lfetme of clusterg WSN ca be eteded comared to the drect ad mult ho trasmsso. Yet, the eerg of cluster head s cosumed more tha other sesor odes Zhu, 003 Raghuatha, 00 Schurgers, Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

3 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag 00. However, wth dstrbutg more eerg the cluster head ca eted the etwor lfetme for heterogeeous WSNs. Therefore, ths aer rooses a cetralzed algorthm to clusterg sesors ad to delo eerg effcet relag odes wth fed clusterg scheme. NETWORK MOELS Wth radoml dstrbuted the clusterg area, the eerg wll be ucl ru out WSN uarte-melo, 00. Fgure shows the cluster head are uforml dstrbuted wth legth. I the area of WSN, the chael models are modeled b Pt Pr c, α d where P r reresets the receved ower, P t reresets the trasmtted ower, c s the roagato coeffcet, ad α s the ath loss eoet, α<6. Fgure : The radom delomet wth umber of clusters 9. I oe roud the cluster heads collect the sesg data of ther cluster ad sed data bac to the basestato BS. Thus, each roud of total eerg s gve b E T Q Q η E E, j, ch, j where η s a data comressg factor for the th cluster, 0< η <. E ch, ad E,j are oe acet eerg for th cluster head ad jth sesor. ENERGY EFFICIENT RELAYING WITH FIXE CLUSTERING Mmzg the eerg dssato of the sesor odes, a fed clusterg algorthm FCA s aled for clusterg area revous wor Huag, 007. The FCA s used to dvde the sesor area to clusters frstl ad the to delo cluster heads uforml to the etwor area. The fed cluster sesor etwor ca be deloed b FCA show Fgure. I Fgure, ad are the as of corresodg osto of the cluster head for the th cluster. Assumg sesor odes are uforml dstrbuted, the ower dssato of a cluster head to rela the formato of the cluster oe roud ca be obtaed b Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

4 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3 Q W e E l ch η,, 3 where e l s the eerg eeded sedg oe acet er suare meter whereas the ath loss of a dstace betwee th cluster head ad base stato s gve b W d α /c d [B], 4 where α ad c. So, the eerg eeded for a sesor ode sedg oe acet a clusterg area s obtaed b j l j Z e E,, 5 where j j d Z s the radom varable. The eected ower that a sesor ode to sed oe acet a rectagular clusterg s obtaed b, ] [ L L L L E Z E 6 where L ad L are the wdth ad legth of the rectagular area of the cluster. Cluster head s located at L /, L /. Fgure : FCA flowchart for a suare area. C B A N Y N Y N Y,, mod, s N? 0? <? s ] ] mod [ [ { } s s s ] ] mod [ { } [ ] [ ] { } [ ], mod ] [, ] mod [ ] [ > C { } [ ] { }, mod ] [, ] mod [ ] [ >

5 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag I RC, the cluster head s radoml selected as show Fgure. The eerg eeded for each cluster to trasmt oe acet s obtaed b 5 E [ Z] E[ B ] B B, 7 where s the legth of the suare ad B s the dstace betwee sesg feld ad base stato. I FCA, cluster head s deloed at the cetered of the cluster to balace the dstace betwee cluster head ad the farthest seor odes. Therefore, the eerg dssato of the farthest seor odes s mmzed. However, the data relag of the cluster head cosumes more eerg b U-tur relag. The eerg effcet relag wth fed clusterg EERFC, cluster heads are deloed to the closest ste to the base stato, s roosed ad dscussed ths aer. Whe the base stato s deloed at 0, -B 0, -0, a eamle of 9 clusters for the cluster head delomet FCA ad EERFC s show Fgure 3. Fgure 3: The delomet of cluster head: a fed clusterg b eerg effcet rela ad fed clusterg, wth umber of clusters 9. a b Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

6 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag SIMULATION RESULTS 7 Assumg that the eerg eeded for sedg oe acet from each sesor s e l 5 0 Joule J/m. Total umber of sesor odes s oe hudred, Q00. Normal sesor odes are 00-. Sesg suare area s 50 meters. The worst case data fuso wth data comressg factors for all clusters η s erformed. Fgure 4 shows the comarso of eerg dssato betwee the EERFC ad FCA ad the eerg cosumto of oe roud vs. the umber of clusters. It dects total eerg of ormal sesor odes s decreased as the umber of clusters creases. That meas, whe clusterg area s smaller, dstace from sesor ode to cluster head s shorter. Cotrarl, whe umber of clusters crease, eerg cosumed cluster heads also creases. Therefore, the eerg dssato of the cluster head of EERFC s much lower tha FCA. Fgure 4: Eerg cosumed b cluster head ad sesor odes oe roud betwee EERFC ad FCA. Fgure 5 shows the comarso of lfetme WSN for FCA ad EERFC wth the erfect eerg dstrbuto ad the total eerg E T 00J for all odes. B usg effcet data relag EEFRC, Fgure 5 dects the lfetme erformace of roosed EERFC ca be mroved more 30% tha FCA scheme wth the umber of cluster <<0. Geerall, the dstrbuted eerg for ever sesor ode should be almost the same for homogeeous WSNs. Whe umber of clusters s small, <0, cluster head should be dstrbuted more eerg order to rela more data. Smlarl, the tal eerg for all cluster heads should be almost the same. Therefore, ths aer dscusses to dstrbute two dfferet ds of eerg to the odes. I a heterogeeous WSN, cluster heads wth hgher eerg batteres ad sesor odes wth lower eerg batteres are dstrbuted, resectvel. Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

7 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Fgure 5: Lfetme comarso betwee EERFC ad FCA wth otmal eerg dstrbuted sesors. To vestgate the lfetme of roosed EERFC wth heterogeeous sesors, dfferet total eerg E NS ad E CH s dstrbuted to sesor odes ad cluster heads. I order to be more cost-effectve, total eerg of cluster heads ad ormal sesors s E T E CH E NS 00J. Hece, the tal eerg of a cluster head ad a sesor ode s obtaed as E ch ER ET ER 8 ad E ET ER Q 9 where ER s the eerg rato of cluster heads to sesor odes defed b ER E CH / E N. 0 Fgure 6 shows the comarso betwee etwor lfetme ad umber of clusters for RC, FCA ad EERFC. Wth the rsg curve Fgure 6, t dects that the eerg dssato of sesor odes s decreased wth the creasg umber of clusters. I cotrast, wth the curve gog dow Fgure 6, t also shows that the cosumg eerg of cluster head creases wth the creasg umber of clusters. To comare the eerg effcec of WSNs, the eerg effcec EE ca be roortoal to the etwor lfetme. Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

8 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Fgure 6: Lfetme comarso for heterogeeous WSNs: a FCA ad RC b EERFC ad FCA. a b Accordg to the ER, the lfetme of WSN b delog umber of clusters ca be mamzed. Table shows the mamal lfetme LT at the otmal umber of clusters o for RC, FCA ad EERFC. Therefore, because of the radom clusterg edue the farther dstace betwee cluster head ad sesors, RC erforms more worst tha others. Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

9 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag I addto, the EERFC erforms a lttle bt worse tha FCA b etedg dstace betwee cluster head ad sesors. Table : Comarso of eerg effcec ad otmal umber of clusters for FCA, EERFC ad RC wth heterogeeous sesors ad base stato at 0,-0. ER FCA LT ot EERFC LT ot RC LT ot I order to mmze the eerg dssato of data relag, a base stato s relocated at the cetered of sesg feld 0, 5. The erformace of lfetme of WSN vs. the umber of clusters for FCA, EERFC ad RC s showed Fgure 7. Therefore, table lsts ad comares the mamal lfetme LT at the otmal umber of clusters o for RC, FCA ad EERFC. Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

10 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Fgure 7: Lfetme comarso for heterogeeous WSNs: a FCA ad RC b EERFC ad FCA, wth base stato at 0,5. a b Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

11 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Table : Comarso of eerg effcec ad otmal umber of clusters for FCA, EERFC ad RC wth heterogeeous sesors ad base stato at 0,5. ER FCA LT ot EERFC LT ot RC LT ot 4 8 CONCLUSIONS I ths aer, a cetralzed algorthm to orgaze sesors to clusters wth eerg effcet relag wth fed clusterg EERFC scheme s roosed to rolog the lfetme of cluster-based WSN. It uforml dvdes area of cluster area for the WSN ad save the eerg dssato of seor odes the cluster. Smulato results show that the EERFC ca effcetl rela the data ad mmze the eerg dssato WSN. However, heterogeeous WSN, a cetralzed algorthm to orgaze sesors to wth eerg effcet relag wth fed clusterg EERFC scheme ca also balace the eerg dssato of the sesor odes. REFERENCES Culler,. Estr,. ad Srvastava, M Overvew of Sesor Networs. IEEE Comuter 378, Aldz, I.F. Su, W. Saarasubramaam, Y. ad Carc, E. 00. Wreless Sesor Networ: A Surve. Comuter Networs 38, uarte-melo, E. J. ad Lu, M. 00. Aalss of Eerg Cosumto ad Lfetme of Heterogeeous Wreless Sesor Networs. Proc. of IEEE Globalcom Yous, O. ad Fahm, S HEE: a Hbrd, Eerg-Effcet, strbuted Clusterg Aroach for Ad hoc Sesor Networs. IEEE Tras. Moble Comutg Zhu, J. ad Paavasslou, S O the Eerg-Effcet Orgazato ad the Lfetme of Mult-ho Sesor Networs. IEEE Commucato Letters 7, Raghuatha, V. Schurgers, C. Par, S. ad Srvastava, M.B. 00. Eerg-aware Wreless Mcrosesor Networs. IEEE Sgal Processg Magaze 9, Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

12 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Schurgers, C. ad Srvastava, M.B. 00. Eerg Effcet Routg Wreless Sesor Networs. Proc. of IEEE Mltar Commu. Cof., Huag, Y. F. ad Chag, C.-W. 007 A Eerg Effcet Clusterg Algorthm for Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs. Proc. of 007 Smosum o gtal Lfe Techologes-Buldg a Safe, Secured ad Soud 3S Lvg Evromet, Taa, Tawa. ACKNOWLEGEMENT Ths wor was fuded art b Natoal Scece Coucl, Tawa, Reublc of Cha, uder Grat NSC 94-3-E for Y.-F. Huag. Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3

13 Performace of Relag Cluster-Based Wreless Sesor Networs Huag, Che, Che, Che & Wag Commucatos of the IIMA Volume 7 Issue 3