Lessons from the Virgo Cluster
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1 The Role of Hydrogen in the Evolution of Galaxies Sep 2014 Kuching, Malaysia Environments and the Evolution of Cool Gas in Galaxies Lessons from the Virgo Cluster Aeree Chung Yonsei University Seoul, Korea
2 The Role of Hydrogen in the Evolution of Galaxies Sep 2014 Kuching, Malaysia Environments and the Evolution of Cool Gas in Galaxies Lessons from the Virgo Cluster Aeree Chung Yonsei University Seoul, Korea
3 Environmental Processes What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung STARS / ISM / ICM
4 Environmental Processes Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung STARS / ISM / ICM
5 Environmental Processes Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982
6 Environmental Processes Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
7 Environmental Processes Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
8 Environmental Processes Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
9 Environmental Processes Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
10 Environmental Processes Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
11 Environmental Processes HI is an excellent tool to diagnose environmental effects! Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
12 Environmental Processes HI is an excellent tool to diagnose environmental effects! Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
13 Environmental Processes HI is an excellent tool to diagnose environmental effects! Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
14 Environmental Processes HI is an excellent tool to diagnose environmental effects! Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
15 VIVA, VLA Imaging of Virgo galaxies in Atomic gas J. van Gorkom, J. Kenney, H. Crowl B. Vollmer, I. Wong, D. Schiminovich, E. Murphy, A. Abramson, + Virgo - nearby, rich, dynamically young A column density sensitivity ~ a few times cm -2 A typical resolution ~ 1 kpc & 10 km/s VLA Imaging of 48 disky + 5 dwarf galaxies A representative sample of late-type Virgo galaxies location, HI content, star formation activity
16 VIVA HI Atlas
17 VIVA HI Atlas
18 VIVA HI Atlas
19 VIVA HI Atlas
20 VIVA HI Atlas
21 VIVA HI Atlas
22 VIVA HI Atlas
23 Good spatial & spectral resolutions pay off!!! VIVA HI Atlas
24 VIVA Highlights 1 arcmin Chung
25 VIVA Galaxies & Key Process at Work Work by Hyein Yoon HI-to-opt extent HI morphology + kinematics HI gas surface density Multi-wavelength data Opt, UV, Halpha, IR, etc.
26 Effective Radii of Environmental Processes H. Yoon + in prep Tidal interactions effective at all radii RPS may work at large radii (e.g. Tonessen ) Gas accretion at large radii? Then do we see any evolution effect due to these processes? Distance from M87 (Mpc)
27 Global Color & Environments of Galaxies Hogg et al. (2004), redder & rounder as density increases red blue Disky Less disky All Low High Higher
28 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
29 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
30 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
31 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
32 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
33 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
34 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Tq>400Myr 200<Tq<350 Myr Tq<100Myr Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
35 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Tq>400Myr 200<Tq<350 Myr Tq<100Myr Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
36 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Tq>400Myr 200<Tq<350 Myr Tq<100Myr Does RPS play any role in color evolution? HI properties are well correlated with global color of galaxies Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl)
37 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Tq>400Myr 200<Tq<350 Myr Tq<100Myr Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl) HI properties are well correlated with global color of galaxies HI stripping does play some roles in color evolution of galaxies
38 VIVA Galaxies & Color-Magnitude Diagram ID: SF quenching time from Crowl & Kenney (2008) Tq>400Myr 200<Tq<350 Myr Tq<100Myr Does RPS play any role in color evolution? Contour ~ 50 K SDSS sample Symbols - 44 VIVA Galaxies (H. Crowl) HI properties are well correlated with global color of galaxies HI stripping does play some roles in color evolution of galaxies Is HI stripping alone enough?
39 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties Are HI-deficient galaxies also deficient in molecular gas? NO Stark et al. (1986) Kenney & Young (1989) YES Rengarajan & Iyengar (1992) Fumagalli et al. (2009)
40 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties Are HI-deficient galaxies also deficient in molecular gas? NO Stark et al. (1986) Kenney & Young (1989) YES Rengarajan & Iyengar (1992) Fumagalli et al. (2009) Eunjung Chung s PhD (2012)
41 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties Are HI-deficient galaxies also deficient in molecular gas? NO Stark et al. (1986) Kenney & Young (1989) YES Rengarajan & Iyengar (1992) Fumagalli et al. (2009) Eunjung Chung s PhD (2012)
42 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties Are HI-deficient galaxies also deficient in molecular gas? NO Stark et al. (1986) Kenney & Young (1989) YES Rengarajan & Iyengar (1992) Fumagalli et al. (2009) Eunjung Chung s PhD (2012) CO luminosity ranges quite widely for given stellar mass and hard to tell if one galaxy is deficient in molecular gas or not in the same manner as we do for HI.
43 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties Are HI-deficient galaxies also deficient in molecular gas? NO Stark et al. (1986) Kenney & Young (1989) YES Rengarajan & Iyengar (1992) Fumagalli et al. (2009) Eunjung Chung s PhD (2012)? CO luminosity ranges quite widely for given stellar mass and hard to tell if one galaxy is deficient in molecular gas or not in the same manner as we do for HI.?
44 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties Are HI-deficient galaxies also deficient in molecular gas? NO Stark et al. (1986) Kenney & Young (1989) YES Rengarajan & Iyengar (1992) Fumagalli et al. (2009) Eunjung Chung s PhD (2012)?? CO luminosity ranges quite widely for given stellar mass and hard to tell if one galaxy is deficient in molecular gas or not in the same manner as we do for HI. What about detailed properties (morphology and kinematics; e.g. Kenney 1990, Vollmer 2008, 2012)?
45 Molecular Gas Properties of HI Stripped Galaxies SMA 12CO 2-1 targets (red) A sample of galaxies undergoing early ~ active to post-stripping N4569 NGC NGC
46 Molecular Gas Properties of HI Stripped Galaxies SMA 12CO 2-1 targets (red) A sample of galaxies undergoing early ~ active to post-stripping N4569 NGC NGC
47 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties NGC4402
48 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties NGC4402 R-band
49 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties NGC4402 HI R-band
50 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties NGC4402 HI R-band ICM ICM
51 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties FUV NGC4402 HI R-band ICM ICM
52 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties FUV NGC4402 HI R-band ICM ICM H-alpha
53 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties (enhanced SF, e.g. Bekki 2014) R-band FUV NGC4402 ICM ICM H-alpha HI
54 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties (enhanced SF, e.g. Bekki 2014) R-band FUV NGC4402 ICM ICM H-alpha HI 12CO (2-1)
55 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties (enhanced SF, e.g. Bekki 2014) R-band FUV NGC4402 ICM ICM H-alpha HI 12CO (2-1)
56 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties (enhanced SF, e.g. Bekki 2014) R-band FUV NGC4402 ICM ICM H-alpha HI 12CO (2-1)
57 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties (enhanced SF, e.g. Bekki 2014) R-band FUV NGC4402 ICM ICM H-alpha HI 12CO (2-1)
58 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties (enhanced SF, e.g. Bekki 2014) R-band FUV NGC4402 ICM ICM H-alpha HI 12CO (2-1) Highly disturbed in CO (morphologically and kinematically) Well correlates with HI morphology Bumhyun Lee, work in progress
59 HI Stripping & Molecular Gas Properties NGC4402 Molecular Transition Ratios (SMA+IRAM) TWO lines FOUR lines (Up) Non-LTE Temperature of one region (2D distribution is on the way) (Left) LTE Temperature distribution Bumhyun Lee + in prep.
60 Lessons from the VIVA Survey HI stripping is responsible for galaxies migrating from blue cloud to red sequence in high density environments. In particular, ram pressure stripping which can effectively remove lots of gas within a relatively short timescale ( < ~ 1 Gyr) can play an important role in color evolution of galaxies in clusters. Molecular gas is also affected by the ICM pressure. Whether it is stripped or not, its morphology and kinematics are found to largely deviate from those of galaxies in low density environments. * More to come... * We also find galaxies extremely HI-rich or extremely HI-poor galaxies in the outskirts of Virgo. Gas accretion from or ram pressure stripping by filaments? (Pre-processing)
61 Pre-processing in Filaments Accretion from or ram pressure stripping by IGM in filaments? Kim + (2014)
62 Pre-processing in Filaments Accretion from or ram pressure stripping by IGM in filaments? Kim + (2014)
63 Pre-processing in Filaments Accretion from or ram pressure stripping by IGM in filaments? Kim + (2014) Popping + (2011)
64 Pre-processing in Filaments Accretion from or ram pressure stripping by IGM in filaments? Kim + (2014) Popping + (2011)
65 Pre-processing in Filaments Accretion from or ram pressure stripping by IGM in filaments? Kim + (2014) Popping + (2011)
66 Pre-processing in Filaments Accretion from or ram pressure stripping by IGM in filaments? Kim + (2014) Popping + (2011)
67 Pre-processing in Filaments Accretion from or ram pressure stripping by IGM in filaments? Kim + (2014) Popping + (2011) HI Imaging of carefully selected galaxies from filaments around Virgo using GMRT, WSRT, JVLA (H. Yoon, PhD work in progress)
68 BUDHIES Blind Ultra-Deep HI Environmental Survey A multi-wavelength study including the state-of-the-art HI imaging data from WSRT of two clusters at z~0.2, where the evolution effect of cluster environment becomes noticeable (e.g. B-O effect). - PI M. Veryheijen (Kapteyn) - (Verheijen , Jaffe ) HI studies in different environments beyond the Local Universe is timely with new powerful radio interferometers (e.g. SKA) and many pathfinders! (A range of density environments in one shot)
69 Thank you!
70 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
71 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
72 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
73 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Starvation Larson 1980 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977
74 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977 Starvation Larson 1980
75 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977 Starvation Larson 1980
76 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977 Starvation Larson 1980
77 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977 Starvation Larson 1980
78 Examples from VIVA Ram pressure stripping Gunn & Gott 1972 Merging Mihos 2004 What a galaxy may go through... illustrated by Aeree Chung Harassment Moore et al STARS / ISM / ICM Turbulent viscous stripping Nulsen 1982 Tidal compression/truncation Byrd & Valtonen 1990/Merritt 1983 Thermal evaporation Cowie & Songaila 1977 Starvation Larson 1980
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