Quantum Mechanics Tutorial
|
|
- Franklin Morgan
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Quantum Mechanics Tutorial The Wave Nature of Matter Wave-particle duality and de Broglie s hypothesis. de Broglie matter waves The Davisson-Germer experiment Matter wave packets Heisenberg uncertainty principle Tutorial I: Concept of dependence of mass and velocity, mass-energy equivalence, energy-momentum relation (no deduction). Tutorial II: Blackbody radiation: Raleigh-Jeans law (derivation). Ultraviolet catastrophe. Wien s law, Planck s radiation law (calculation of average energy of oscillator). Wien s law and Stefan s law from Planck s radiation law, Rayleigh-Jenas & Wien s law-limiting case of Planck s law. Tutorial III: Compton Effect (calculation of Compton wavelength and Compton shift). Tutorial IV: Wave-particle duality and de Broglie s hypothesis, de Broglie matter waves, The Davisson-Germer experiment, Matter wave packets, Heisenberg uncertainty principle Wave Particle Duality: de Broglie s Hypothesis de Broglie s hypothesis can be stated as Every matter has dual characteristics particle like and wave like. The wavelength associated with the matter wave is given by λ = h/p, where h is Planck s constant and p is the linear momentum of the dynamical particle. Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 1
2 For a charged particle of rest mass m and charge q moving in a potential difference V, the kinetic energy (E k ) is given by E k =ev and the debroglie wavelength is given by h de Broglie 2mqV The de Broglie wavelength for a charged particle of rest mass m 0 and charge q moving in a potential difference V is given by h de Broglie qv 2m0qV (1 ) 2 2m c 0 Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 2
3 Experimental Verification of de Broglie s Hypothesis: Davisson and Germer Experiment Experimental Set-up In 1927 C. J. Davisson and L. H. Germer of the Bell Telephone Laboratory, USA performed an experiment on the diffraction of electrons from the surface of a solid crystal. The apparatus designed and built by them consisted of a vacuum chamber in which electrons were produced from a heated tungsten filament. They were collimated into a beam by passing through a narrow hole in a metal plate. The beam was accelerated by applying a potential difference between the filament and the collimator plate. It was directed to strike normally on the (111) face of a nickel crystal. Electrons were scattered in all directions from the nickel crystal which was held fixed throughout the experiment. Scattered electrons were collected in a box (called as Faraday box) mounted on an arc which could be rotated through an angle about an axis passing through the point of incidence of electrons on the crystal. The box was adjusted at different angles for collecting electrons and the electric current was recorded for each setting by means of a sensitive galvanometer as detector. The electric current was directly proportional to the number of scattered electrons per second collected in the box. Fig. Experimental Setup Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 3
4 Fig. Schematic of Experimental Setup Observations The data on the intensity of scattered electrons was obtained as a function of the scattering angle θ. Different sets of observations were taken corresponding to fixed potential differences (e.g. from 40V to 68V). For each potential difference a separate graph of electric current versus scattering angle was plotted in polar coordinates (r,θ). The curve produced from the data set for 40V was sooth. For the set using 44V, a slight hump appeared. As the potential difference was increased further, it increased and the spur became maximum in the set for 54V at scattering angle ϕ=50 0. For voltages greater than 54V, the peak decreased and almost vanished at 68 V. The peak indicates that (matter) waves (associated with electrons) scattered by the periodic arrangement of atoms in the crystal interfere constructively. It is similar to Bragg reflections of X-rays from atoms in the crystal and confirms the wave-like behavior of electrons. If the intensity of the electron beam is decreased so that only one electron at a time is allowed to go through the hole, the pattern of electron scattering is same as that of the electron beam. It indicates that different portions of the wave associated with a single electron are scattered from different parts of the crystal and interfere constructively to produce the peak. Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 4
5 Fig. Graph of Electric Intensity Vector vs Angle of Scattering Calculation and Explanation The theoretical value of the wavelength λ of matter waves of incident electrons having mass m and momentum p is calculated using the de Broglie s relation as follows λ=h/p=h/mv (h=planck s constant). The velocity v of electrons due to the potential difference V can be obtained from kinetic energy (non relativistic kinetic energy of the electron is: p 2 /2m=eV 1/2mv 2 =ev which gives λ=h/(2mev) 1/2 and on substitution of the value of (m,e and h) we have λ=12.27/v 1/2 λ=0.167nm for V=54volts The experimental value of λ is calculated as follows If d is the effective interplanar spacing in the crystal, then its value can be found by X-ray scattering from the same crystal and comes to be equal to 0.091nm. ϕ is the angle of scattering of electrons =50 0. Corresponding to the scattering angle of 50 0, the angle θ in the Bragg s law is given by = /2=65 0 Calculation and Explanation The wavelength of electrons is calculated using Bragg s Law: nλ=2dsinθ λ=0.165nm for n=1 The experimental value agrees very well with the theoretical value of the wavelength of electrons. Thus the experiment gives confirmation to the de Broglie s hypothesis. The concept of matter waves is not an imaginary idea but it can be shown to have real physical existence in the laboratory. Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 5
6 Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 6
7 Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 7
8 Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 8
9 Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 9
10 Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 10
11 According to Heisenberg s Uncertainty Principle, it is impossible to measure any two canonically conjugate observables preciously and simultaneously. Prepared by Dr. Rajesh Das, Applied Sciences-Haldia Institute of Technology 11
Particles and Waves Particles Waves
Particles and Waves Particles Discrete and occupy space Exist in only one location at a time Position and velocity can be determined with infinite accuracy Interact by collisions, scattering. Waves Extended,
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 27 Modern Physics Quantum Physics Blackbody radiation Plank s hypothesis http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2140/ Chapter 27 1 Quantum Physics 2 Introduction: Need
More informationChapter 27. Quantum Physics
Chapter 27 Quantum Physics Need for Quantum Physics Problems remained from classical mechanics that relativity didn t explain Blackbody Radiation The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a heated object
More informationChapter 4: The Wave Nature of Matter
Chapter 4: The Wave Nature of Matter q We have seen in Chap. 3 that EM radiation displays both wave properties (classical description) and particle properties (quantum description) q Matter is described
More informationPhysics 1C Lecture 28C. "For those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it.
Physics 1C Lecture 28C "For those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it." --Neils Bohr Outline CAPE and extra credit problems Wave-particle duality
More informationDEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS LSN 12-1A: INTERACTIONS OF MATTER WITH RADIATION Questions From Reading Activity? Essential Idea: The microscopic quantum world offers a range of phenomena,
More informationClass 21. Early Quantum Mechanics and the Wave Nature of Matter. Physics 106. Winter Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. Class 21.
Early and the Wave Nature of Matter Winter 2018 Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. Last Time Last time we discussed: Optical systems Midterm 2 Today we will discuss: Quick of X-ray diffraction Compton
More informationDual Nature of Matter
Emission of electrons: Dual Nature of Matter We know that metals have free electrons (negatively charged particles) that are responsible for their conductivity. However, the free electrons cannot normally
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 30. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 30 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 30 Quantum Physics Units of Chapter 30 Blackbody Radiation and Planck s Hypothesis of Quantized Energy Photons and the Photoelectric
More informationλ = h = h p mv λ = h mv FXA 2008 Candidates should be able to :
1 Candidates should be able to : Explain electron diffraction as evidence for the wave nature of particles like electrons. Explain that electrons travelling through polycrystalline graphite will be diffracted
More informationPlanck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation
Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation The spectrum of blackbody radiation has been measured(next slide); it is found that the frequency of peak intensity increases linearly with temperature.
More information12 - DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Page 1
1 - DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Page 1 1.1 Birth of Modern Physics By 1880, most physicists thought that important laws in physics were already discovered and all that remained was their refined
More information( ) # velocity. Wavelengths of massive objects. From Last Time. Wavelength of electron. Wavelength of 1 ev electron. A little complicated ( ) " = h mv
From Last Time Wavelengths of massive objects Light shows both particle and wavelike properties Matter shows both particle and wavelike properties. How can we make sense of this? debroglie wavelength =
More informationWAVE PARTICLE DUALITY
WAVE PARTICLE DUALITY Evidence for wave-particle duality Photoelectric effect Compton effect Electron diffraction Interference of matter-waves Consequence: Heisenberg uncertainty principle PHOTOELECTRIC
More informationDUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER I K GOGIA KV JHARODA KALAN DELHI.
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER AIM: The aim of present self- learning module is to train the minds of the learners in building the concepts by learning on their own. The module is designed to Achieve
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 14
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 14 Modern Physics 1. Relativity Einstein s General Relativity 2. Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect X-Rays Diffraction by Crystals The Compton Effect
More informationProblems with Classical Physics. Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom
The Quantum Gang Problems with Classical Physics Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom Why this shape? Why the drop? Blackbody Radiation A black body is an ideal system
More informationSemiconductor Physics and Devices
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics In order to understand the current-voltage characteristics, we need some knowledge of electron behavior in semiconductor when the electron is subjected to various potential
More informationWave function and Quantum Physics
Wave function and Quantum Physics Properties of matter Consists of discreet particles Atoms, Molecules etc. Matter has momentum (mass) A well defined trajectory Does not diffract or interfere 1 particle
More informationChapter 10: Wave Properties of Particles
Chapter 10: Wave Properties of Particles Particles such as electrons may demonstrate wave properties under certain conditions. The electron microscope uses these properties to produce magnified images
More information12/04/2012. Models of the Atom. Quantum Physics versus Classical Physics The Thirty-Year War ( )
Quantum Physics versus Classical Physics The Thirty-Year War (1900-1930) Interactions between Matter and Radiation Models of the Atom Bohr s Model of the Atom Planck s Blackbody Radiation Models of the
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 15
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 15 Modern Physics Chapter 27 1. Quantum Physics The Compton Effect Photons and EM Waves Wave Properties of Particles Wave Functions The Uncertainty Principle http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~alan/2140website/main.htm
More informationChapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Planck s Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon Compton
More informationThe wavefunction ψ for an electron confined to move within a box of linear size L = m, is a standing wave as shown.
1. This question is about quantum aspects of the electron. The wavefunction ψ for an electron confined to move within a box of linear size L = 1.0 10 10 m, is a standing wave as shown. State what is meant
More informationChap. 3. Elementary Quantum Physics
Chap. 3. Elementary Quantum Physics 3.1 Photons - Light: e.m "waves" - interference, diffraction, refraction, reflection with y E y Velocity = c Direction of Propagation z B z Fig. 3.1: The classical view
More informationDual Nature of Radiation and Matter
PHYSICS NOTES Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Emission of electrons: We know that metals have free electrons (negatively charged particles) that are responsible for their conductivity. However, the
More informationSTSF2223 Quantum Mechanics I
STSF2223 Quantum Mechanics I What is quantum mechanics? Why study quantum mechanics? How does quantum mechanics get started? What is the relation between quantum physics with classical physics? Where is
More informationCHAPTER 27 Quantum Physics
CHAPTER 27 Quantum Physics Units Discovery and Properties of the Electron Planck s Quantum Hypothesis; Blackbody Radiation Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect Energy, Mass, and Momentum
More informationTitle / paragraph example Topic: Quantum Computers. Course Essay. Photoelectric effect summary. From Last Time. Compton scattering
Course Essay 500-750 word typed essay due Wed. Apr. 26 First deadline: Fri. this week (Mar. 24) turn in Topic and Paragraph Description Topic ideas: Nobel prize winner: work & importance Big science project:
More informationQuantum Physics Lecture 3
Quantum Physics Lecture 3 If light (waves) are particle-like, are particles wave-like? Electron diffraction - Davisson & Germer Experiment Particle in a box -Quantisation of energy Wave Particle?? Wave
More informationCHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I
CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I 5.1 X-Ray Scattering 5.2 De Broglie Waves 5.3 Electron Scattering 5.4 Wave Motion 5.5 Waves or Particles? 5.6 Uncertainty Principle 5.7 Probability,
More informationThe University of Hong Kong Department of Physics
The University of Hong Kong Department of Physics Physics Laboratory PHYS3551 Introductory Solid State Physics Experiment No. 3551-2: Electron and Optical Diffraction Name: University No: This experiment
More informationPhysics 1C. Chapter 28 !!!!
Physics 1C Chapter 28!!!! "Splitting the atom is like trying to shoot a gnat in the Albert Hall at night and using ten million rounds of ammunition on the off chance of getting it. That should convince
More informationDual Nature of Radiation and Matter GLIMPSES 1. Electron. It is an elementary particle having a negative charge of 1.6x C and mass 9.1x kg
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter GLIMPSES 1. Electron. It is an elementary particle having a negative charge of 1.6x 10-19 C and mass 9.1x 10-31 kg... Work function. The minimum amount of energy required
More informationAnnouncements. Lecture 8 Chapter. 3 Wave & Particles I. EM- Waves behaving like Particles. The Compton effect (Arthur Compton 1927) Hypothesis:
Announcements HW3: Ch.3-13, 17, 23, 25, 28, 31, 37, 38, 41, 44 HW3 due: 2/16 ** Lab manual is posted on the course web *** Course Web Page *** http://highenergy.phys.ttu.edu/~slee/2402/ Lecture Notes,
More informationLecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking.
Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking. Today s Program 1. Brief history of quantum mechanics (QM). 2. Wavefunctions in QM (First postulate) 3. Schrodinger s Equation Questions you
More informationChapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom
Chapter 37 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Units of Chapter 37 37-7 Wave Nature of Matter 37-8 Electron Microscopes 37-9 Early Models of the Atom 37-10 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure
More informationPHY202 Quantum Mechanics. Topic 1. Introduction to Quantum Physics
PHY202 Quantum Mechanics Topic 1 Introduction to Quantum Physics Outline of Topic 1 1. Dark clouds over classical physics 2. Brief chronology of quantum mechanics 3. Black body radiation 4. The photoelectric
More informationPlanck s Hypothesis of Blackbody
Course : Bsc Applied Physical Science (Computer Science) Year Ist (Sem IInd) Paper title : Thermal Physics Paper No : 6 Lecture no. 20. Planck s Hypothesis of Blackbody Hello friends, in the last lecture
More informationWave Properties of Particles Louis debroglie:
Wave Properties of Particles Louis debroglie: If light is both a wave and a particle, why not electrons? In 194 Louis de Broglie suggested in his doctoral dissertation that there is a wave connected with
More informationModern Physics. Ans: 1. According to de broglie hypothesis, any moving particle is associated with a wave.
Modern Physics Q1. What is matter wave? Or What is De broglie hypothesis? Ans: 1. According to de broglie hypothesis, any moving particle is associated with a wave. 2. The waves associated with a particle
More informationis the minimum stopping potential for which the current between the plates reduces to zero.
Module 1 :Quantum Mechanics Chapter 2 : Introduction to Quantum ideas Introduction to Quantum ideas We will now consider some experiments and their implications, which introduce us to quantum ideas. The
More informationWelcome back to PHY 3305
Welcome back to PHY 3305 Today s Lecture: Double Slit Experiment Matter Waves Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie 1892-1987 AnNouncements Reading Assignment for Thursday, Sept 28th: Chapter
More informationCHAPTER I Review of Modern Physics. A. Review of Important Experiments
CHAPTER I Review of Modern Physics A. Review of Important Experiments Quantum Mechanics is analogous to Newtonian Mechanics in that it is basically a system of rules which describe what happens at the
More informationChapter 27. Quantum Physics
Chapter 27 Quantum Physics Need for Quantum Physics Problems remained from classical mechanics that relativity didn t explain Blackbody Radiation The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a heated object
More information4/14/2015. Models of the Atom. Quantum Physics versus Classical Physics The Thirty-Year War ( ) Classical Model of Atom
Quantum Physics versus Classical Physics The Thirty-Year War (1900-1930) Models of the Atom Interactions between Matter and Radiation Models of the Atom Bohr s Model of the Atom Planck s Blackbody Radiation
More informationCHE3935. Lecture 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
CHE3935 Lecture 2 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1 The History Quantum mechanics is strange to us because it deals with phenomena that are, for the most part, unobservable at the macroscopic level i.e.,
More informationLecture 35 (de Broglie & Matter Waves) Physics Fall 2018 Douglas Fields
Lecture 35 (de Broglie & Matter Waves) Physics 6-01 Fall 018 Douglas Fields Clicker Quiz For a certain metal, the work function is 4eV. If light at frequency 1.9x10 15 Hz strikes the metal, what is the
More informationChapter 30 Quantum Physics 30.1 Blackbody Radiation and Planck s Hypothesis of Quantum Energy 30.2 Photons and the Photoelectric Effect 30.
Chapter 30 Quantum Physics 30.1 Blackbody Radiation and Planck s Hypothesis of Quantum Energy 30.2 Photons and the Photoelectric Effect 30.3 The Mass and Momentum of a Photon 30.4 Photon Scattering and
More informationLecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity
Lecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Atom Atomic number A Number of protons Z Number of neutrons A-Z Number of electrons Z Charge of electron = charge of proton ~1.6 10-19 C Size of the atom ~10-10
More informationWelcome back to PHY 3305
Welcome back to PHY 3305 Today s Lecture: Double Slit Experiment Matter Waves Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie 1892-1987 Double-Slit Experiment Photons pass through the double-slit apparatus.
More informationPlanck s Hypothesis of Blackbody
Course : Bsc Applied Physical Science (Computer Science) Year Ist (Sem IInd) Paper title : Thermal Physics Paper No : 6 Lecture no. 20. Planck s Hypothesis of Blackbody FAQs Q1. What were the shortcomings
More informationCrystal Structure and Electron Diffraction
Crystal Structure and Electron Diffraction References: Kittel C.: Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8 th ed. Wiley 005 University of Michigan, PHY441-44 (Advanced Physics Laboratory Experiments, Electron
More informationChapter 38. Photons Light Waves Behaving as Particles
Chapter 38 Photons Light Waves Behaving as Particles 38.1 The Photoelectric Effect The photoelectric effect was first discovered by Hertz in 1887, and was explained by Einstein in 1905. The photoelectric
More informationLearning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016
Learning Objectives and Worksheet I Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Lectures (1 2) Nature of Light and Matter, Quantization of Energy, and the Wave Particle Duality Read: Chapter 12, Pages: 524 526 Supplementary
More informationPhysics 1C. Modern Physics Lecture
Physics 1C Modern Physics Lecture "I ask you to look both ways. For the road to a knowledge of the stars leads through the atom; and important knowledge of the atom has been reached through the stars."
More informationElectron Diffraction
Exp-3-Electron Diffraction.doc (TJR) Physics Department, University of Windsor Introduction 64-311 Laboratory Experiment 3 Electron Diffraction In 1924 de Broglie predicted that the wavelength of matter
More informationUNIT-1 MODERN PHYSICS
UNIT- MODERN PHYSICS Introduction to blackbody radiation spectrum: A body wic absorbs all radiation tat is incident on it is called a perfect blackbody. Wen radiation allowed to fall on suc a body, it
More informationDUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Important Points: 1. J.J. Tomson and Sir William Crookes studied te discarge of electricity troug gases. At about.1 mm of Hg and at ig voltage invisible streams called
More informationLecture 6 - Atomic Structure. Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6. Lecture 6 - Introduction
Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6 Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation Light interacting with matter The properties of light and matter Lecture
More informationTitle / paragraph example Topic: Quantum Computers. Course essay. Photoelectric effect summary. From Last Time. Photon interference?
Course essay Friday, Nov 3: Due in class essay topic(review article, operating experiment, noble prize) short description - one paragraph http://www.hep.wisc.edu/~herndon/107-0609/essay.htm Friday, Nov
More informationCHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum Theory
CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum Theory 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron Determination of Electron Charge Line Spectra Quantization As far as I can
More informationWe also find the development of famous Schrodinger equation to describe the quantization of energy levels of atoms.
Lecture 4 TITLE: Quantization of radiation and matter: Wave-Particle duality Objectives In this lecture, we will discuss the development of quantization of matter and light. We will understand the need
More information27-1 Planck Solves the Ultraviolet Catastrophe
27-1 Planck Solves the Ultraviolet Catastrophe By the end of the 19 th century, most physicists were confident that the world was well understood. Aside from a few nagging questions, everything seemed
More informationBlackbody Radiation. Rayleigh-Jeans law was an attempt to explain blackbody radiation based on classical ideas:
Blackbody Radiation A Blackbody is an ideal system that absorbs all radiation incident on it. Emission of radiation by a blackbody is independent of the properties of its wall, but depends only on its
More informationChapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics Classical Mechanics (Newton): It describes the motion of a classical particle (discrete object). dp F ma, p = m = dt dx m dt F: force (N) a: acceleration
More informationQuantum Mechanics: Blackbody Radiation
Blackbody Radiation Quantum Mechanics Origin of Quantum Mechanics Raleigh-Jeans law (derivation)-ultraviolet catastrophe, Wien s Distribution Law & Wein s Displacement law, Planck s radiation law (calculation
More informationChapter (5) Matter Waves
Chapter (5) Matter Waves De Broglie wavelength Wave groups Consider a one- dimensional wave propagating in the positive x- direction with a phase speed v p. Where v p is the speed of a point of constant
More informationQuantum and Atomic Physics - Multiple Choice
PSI AP Physics 2 Name 1. The Cathode Ray Tube experiment is associated with: (A) J. J. Thomson (B) J. S. Townsend (C) M. Plank (D) A. H. Compton 2. The electron charge was measured the first time in: (A)
More informationPhysics Lecture 6
Physics 3313 - Lecture 6 Monday February 8, 2010 Dr. Andrew Brandt 1. HW1 Due today HW2 weds 2/10 2. Electron+X-rays 3. Black body radiation 4. Compton Effect 5. Pair Production 2/8/10 3313 Andrew Brandt
More informationQUANTUM MECHANICS Chapter 12
QUANTUM MECHANICS Chapter 12 Colours which appear through the Prism are to be derived from the Light of the white one Sir Issac Newton, 1704 Electromagnetic Radiation (prelude) FIG Electromagnetic Radiation
More informationDUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER November 24, 2008 ELECTRON EMISSION Free electrons are responsible for their conductivity. However, the free electrons cannot normally escape out of the metal surface.
More informationDUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
Chapter Eleven DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER MCQ I 111 A particle is dropped from a height H The de Broglie wavelength of the particle as a function of height is proportional to (a) H (b) H 1/2 (c)
More information1 Electrons are emitted from a metal surface when it is illuminated with suitable electromagnetic radiation. ...[1]
1 Electrons are emitted from a metal surface when it is illuminated with suitable electromagnetic radiation. 1 (a) (b) Name the effect described above....[1] The variation with frequency f of the maximum
More information1 Photoelectric effect - Classical treatment. 2 Photoelectric effect - Quantum treatment
1 OF 5 NOTE: This problem set is to be handed in to my mail slot (SMITH) located in the Clarendon Laboratory by 5:00 PM Tuesday, 10 May. 1 Photoelectric effect - Classical treatment A laser beam with an
More informationModern Physics. October 1, 2008
Modern Physics V H Satheeshkumar Department of Physics Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College of Engineering Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura Road Bangalore 56 11, India. vhsatheeshkumar@gmail.com October 1,
More informationComplementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9
Complementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9 Livio Lanceri Università di Trieste Trieste, 07/09-10-2012 Course Outline - Reminder Quantum Mechanics: an introduction Waves as particles and particles as waves (the
More informationLecture 15 Notes: 07 / 26. The photoelectric effect and the particle nature of light
Lecture 15 Notes: 07 / 26 The photoelectric effect and the particle nature of light When diffraction of light was discovered, it was assumed that light was purely a wave phenomenon, since waves, but not
More informationThe Quantum Theory of Atoms and Molecules
The Quantum Theory of Atoms and Molecules Breakdown of classical physics: Wave-particle duality Dr Grant Ritchie Electromagnetic waves Remember: The speed of a wave, v, is related to its wavelength, λ,
More informationFI 3103 Quantum Physics
FI 3103 Quantum Physics Alexander A. Iskandar Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung General Information Lecture schedule 17 18 9136 51 5 91 Tutorial Teaching Assistant
More informationPhysics 2D Lecture Slides Feb 10. Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics
Physics 2D Lecture Slides Feb 10 Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics Bohr s Explanation of Hydrogen like atoms Bohr s Semiclassical theory explained some spectroscopic data Nobel Prize : 1922 The hotch-potch of
More informationQuantum Physics (PHY-4215)
Quantum Physics (PHY-4215) Gabriele Travaglini March 31, 2012 1 From classical physics to quantum physics 1.1 Brief introduction to the course The end of classical physics: 1. Planck s quantum hypothesis
More informationDownloaded from
7. DUAL NATURE OF MATTER & RADIATION GIST ELECTRON EMISSION 1. There are three types of electron emission, namely, Thermionic Emission, Photoelectric Emission and Field Emission. 2. The minimum energy
More informationQuantum Mechanics (made fun and easy)
Lecture 7 Quantum Mechanics (made fun and easy) Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why the world needs quantum mechanics Why
More informationElectron Diffraction
Electron iffraction o moving electrons display wave nature? To answer this question you will direct a beam of electrons through a thin layer of carbon and analyze the resulting pattern. Theory Louis de
More information38. Photons and Matter Waves
38. Potons and Matter Waves Termal Radiation and Black-Body Radiation Color of a Tungsten filament as temperature increases Black Red Yellow Wite T Termal radiation : Te radiation depends on te temperature
More informationComplementi di Fisica Lectures 10, 11
Complementi di Fisica Lectures 10, 11 Livio Lanceri Università di Trieste Trieste, 07/08-11-2006 Course Outline - Reminder The physics of semiconductor devices: an introduction Quantum Mechanics: an introduction
More informationWave properties of matter & Quantum mechanics I. Chapter 5
Wave properties of matter & Quantum mechanics I Chapter 5 X-ray diffraction Max von Laue suggested that if x-rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation, interference effects should be observed. Crystals
More informationMIDTERM 3 REVIEW SESSION. Dr. Flera Rizatdinova
MIDTERM 3 REVIEW SESSION Dr. Flera Rizatdinova Summary of Chapter 23 Index of refraction: Angle of reflection equals angle of incidence Plane mirror: image is virtual, upright, and the same size as the
More informationChapter 27 Quantum Physics
Key Ideas Two Principles of Relativity: The laws of physics are the same for all uniformly moving observers. The speed of light is the same for all observers. Consequences: Different observers measure
More informationCHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum
CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum 3.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron 3.2 Determination of Electron Charge 3.3 Line Spectra 3.4 Quantization 3.5 Blackbody Radiation 3.6 Photoelectric
More informationSupplemental Activities. Module: Atomic Theory. Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter
Supplemental Activities Module: Atomic Theory Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation Activity 1 1. What are the two components that make up electromagnetic
More informationModule 02: Wave-particle duality, de Broglie waves and the Uncertainty principle
PG Pathshala Subject: BIOPHYSICS Paper 0: Quantum Biophysics Module 0: Wave-particle duality, de Broglie waves and the Uncertainty principle Principal Investigator: Prof. Moganty R. Rajeswari Professor,
More informationPhotoelectric Effect
PC1144 Physics IV Photoelectric Effect 1 Purpose Demonstrate the different predictions of the classical wave and quantum model of light with respect to the photoelectric effect. Determine an experimental
More informationCHAPTER 3 Prelude to Quantum Theory. Observation of X Rays. Thomson s Cathode-Ray Experiment. Röntgen s X-Ray Tube
CHAPTER Prelude to Quantum Theory.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron. Determination of Electron Charge. Line Spectra.4 Quantization.5 Blackbody Radiation.6 Photoelectric Effect.7 X-Ray Production.8
More informationPart 3: HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES
1 Quantum Physics The physics of the very small with great applications Part 3: HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES Electron diffraction Quantum Spin-Off is funded by the European Union under the LLP Comenius programme
More informationComplementi di Fisica Lectures 3, 4
Complementi di Fisica Lectures 3, 4 Livio Lanceri Università di Trieste Trieste, 3/8-10-015 Course Outline - Reminder Quantum Mechanics: an introduction Waves as particles and particles as waves (the crisis
More informationChapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Discovery and Properties of the electron
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom 27-1 Discovery and Properties of the electron Measure charge to mass ratio e/m (J. J. Thomson, 1897) When apply magnetic field only, the rays are
More informationPreview. Atomic Physics Section 1. Section 1 Quantization of Energy. Section 2 Models of the Atom. Section 3 Quantum Mechanics
Atomic Physics Section 1 Preview Section 1 Quantization of Energy Section 2 Models of the Atom Section 3 Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Section 1 TEKS The student is expected to: 8A describe the photoelectric
More informationQuantum Mechanics: Discretization of Energy and Wave-Particle Duality
Quantum Mechanics: Discretization of Energy and Wave-Particle Duality 15th March 2010 1 Introduction Classical physics (derived from the ideas of Newton, Hamilton, Lagrange and other early physicists)
More information