( ) # velocity. Wavelengths of massive objects. From Last Time. Wavelength of electron. Wavelength of 1 ev electron. A little complicated ( ) " = h mv

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "( ) # velocity. Wavelengths of massive objects. From Last Time. Wavelength of electron. Wavelength of 1 ev electron. A little complicated ( ) " = h mv"

Transcription

1 From Last Time Wavelengths of massive objects Light shows both particle and wavelike properties Matter shows both particle and wavelike properties. How can we make sense of this? debroglie wavelength = " = h p p=mv for a nonrelativistic (v<<c) particle with mass. " = h mv Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 1 Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 2 Wavelength of electron Macroscopic objects don t show effects of quantum mechanics. Saw this previously in pendulum: Energy levels are quantized, but discreteness is too small to be detected. Wave properties also too small to be detected Need less massive object to show wave effects Electron is a very light particle Mass of electron = 9.1x10-31 kg " = h p = h mv = 6 #10 $3 J $ s 9 #10 $31 kg ( ) # velocity ( ) Wavelength depends on mass and velocity Larger velocity, shorter wavelength Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 3 Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 Wavelength of 1 ev electron Fundamental relation is wavelength = " = h p Need to find momentum in terms of kinetic energy. p = mv, so E kinetic = p2 p = 2mE kinetic 2m " = h p = h 2mE kinetic = hc 2mc 2 E kinetic A little complicated But look at this without calculating it " = h p = hc 2 mc 2 E kinetic rest energy Same as before kinetic energy Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 5 Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture

2 Why use rest energy? Particles important in quantum mechanics are characterized by their rest energy In relativity all observers measure same rest energy. electron: mc 2 ~ 0.5 MeV proton: mc 2 ~ 90 MeV neutron: mc 2 ~ 90 MeV Different for different particles General trends Wavelength decreases as rest energy (mass) increases Wavelength decreases as kinetic energy (energy of motion) increases 1 MeV = 1 million electron-volts Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 7 Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 8 Matter wave question A neutron has almost 2000 times the rest mass of an electron. Suppose they both have 1 ev of energy. How do their wavelengths compare? A. both same B. neutron wavelength < electron wavelength C. neutron wavelength > electron wavelength D. depends on energy Wavelength depends on momentum, as h/p. Same momentum -> same wavelength. Momentum = 2mE, depends on energy AND mass Wavelength of 1 ev electron For an electron, " = rest energy 1 ev electron, 120 ev # nm 2 $ MeV 10 ev electron 100 ev electron 1 E kinetic λ=1.23 nm λ=0.39 nm λ=0.12 nm = 1.23 ev 1/ 2 # nm E kinetic kinetic energy Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 9 Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Question A 10 ev electron has a wavelength of ~ 0. nm. What is the wavelength of a 0 ev electron? Can this be correct? If electrons are waves, they should demonstrate wave-like effects e.g. Interference, diffraction A. 0.2 nm B. 0. nm C. 0.8 nm A 25 ev electron has wavelength 0.25 nm, similar to atomic spacings in crystals Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture

3 Crystals: regular arrays of atoms Layered planes of atoms Wave reflection from crystal Reflection from next plane Reflection from top plane Table salt (NaCl = Sodium Chloride) Very common cubic structure. Na and Cl atoms alternate in a regular pattern Typical spacings ~ 0.3 nm. Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture side view Interference of waves reflecting from different atomic layers in the crystal. Difference in path length ~ spacing between atoms Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 1 & Destructive Interference Interference arises when waves change their phase relationship. Can vary phase relationship of two waves by changing physical location of speaker. in-phase 1/2 λ phase diff Destructive Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Patterns on the slide X-ray diffraction Molecular structure Diffraction spot arrangement indicates atomic arrangement Used to determine atomic arrangements of complex molecules. e.g. DNA X-ray diffraction pattern Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture

4 Davisson-Germer experiment Diffraction of electrons from a nickel single crystal. Established that electrons are waves Bright spot: constructive Davisson: Nobel Prize 1937 Particle-wave duality Like light, particles also have a dual nature Can show particle-like properties (collisions, etc) Can show wavelike properties (). Like light, they are neither particle nor wave, but some new object. 5 ev electrons (λ=0.17nm) Can describe them using particle language or wave language whichever is most useful Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Suppose an electron is a wave P.A.M. Dirac (early 20th century): each photon interferes with itself. Interference between different photons never occurs. We now can have coherent photons in a laser, (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) invented 0 years ago. These photons can in fact interfere. Here is a wave: λ where is the electron? " = h p Wave extends infinitely far in +x and -x direction x Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Analogy with sound Sound wave also has the same characteristics But we can often locate sound waves E.g. echoes bounce from walls. Can make a sound pulse Beat frequency: spatial localization What does a sound particle look like? One example is a beat frequency between two notes Two sound waves of almost same wavelength added. Example: Hand clap: duration ~ 0.01 seconds Speed of sound = 30 m/s Spatial extent of sound pulse = 3. meters. 3. meter long hand clap travels past you at 30 m/s Large Destructive Small Large Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture 25 2

5 Making a particle out of waves 39 Hz 39 Hz + 38 Hz 39 Hz + 38 Hz + 37 Hz + 36 Hz Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Adding many sound waves Six sound waves with different wavelength added together λ 1 =λ λ 2 = λ/1.05 λ 3 = λ/1.10 λ = λ/1.15 λ 5 = λ/1.20 λ 6 = λ/1.25 Wave now resembles a particle, but what is the wavelength? Sound pulse is comprised of several wavelength The exact wavelength is indeterminate Δx J Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Spatial extent of localized sound wave Δx = spatial spread of wave packet Spatial extent decreases as the spread in included wavelengths increases. Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Δx J Same occurs for a matter wave Construct a localized particle by adding together waves with slightly different wavelengths. Since de Broglie says λ = h /p, each of these components has slightly different momentum. We say that there is some uncertainty in the momentum And still don t know exact location of the particle! Wave still is spread over Δx ( uncertainty in position) Can reduce Δx, but at the cost of increasing the spread in wavelength (giving a spread in momentum). Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Using Δx = position uncertainty Δp = momentum uncertainty Heisenberg showed that the product Planck s ( Δx ) ( Δp ) is always greater than ( h / π ) The exact value of the product depends on the problem (pendulum, hydrogen atom, etc) Uncertainty principle question Suppose an electron is inside a box 1 nm in width. There is some uncertainty in the momentum of the electron. We then squeeze the box to make it 0.5 nm. What happens to the momentum? A. Momentum becomes more uncertain B. Momentum becomes less uncertain C. Momentum uncertainty unchanged Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture Mar. 23, 2007 Phy107 Lecture

Title / paragraph example Topic: Quantum Computers. Course essay. Photoelectric effect summary. From Last Time. Photon interference?

Title / paragraph example Topic: Quantum Computers. Course essay. Photoelectric effect summary. From Last Time. Photon interference? Course essay Friday, Nov 3: Due in class essay topic(review article, operating experiment, noble prize) short description - one paragraph http://www.hep.wisc.edu/~herndon/107-0609/essay.htm Friday, Nov

More information

Title / paragraph example Topic: Quantum Computers. Course Essay. Photoelectric effect summary. From Last Time. Compton scattering

Title / paragraph example Topic: Quantum Computers. Course Essay. Photoelectric effect summary. From Last Time. Compton scattering Course Essay 500-750 word typed essay due Wed. Apr. 26 First deadline: Fri. this week (Mar. 24) turn in Topic and Paragraph Description Topic ideas: Nobel prize winner: work & importance Big science project:

More information

Wavelength of 1 ev electron

Wavelength of 1 ev electron HW8: M Chap 15: Question B, Exercises 2, 6 M Chap 16: Question B, Exercises 1 M Chap 17: Questions C, D From Last Time Essay topic and paragraph due Friday, Mar. 24 Light waves are particles and matter

More information

Wave nature of particles

Wave nature of particles Wave nature of particles We have thus far developed a model of atomic structure based on the particle nature of matter: Atoms have a dense nucleus of positive charge with electrons orbiting the nucleus

More information

Physics 1C Lecture 28C. "For those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it.

Physics 1C Lecture 28C. For those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it. Physics 1C Lecture 28C "For those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it." --Neils Bohr Outline CAPE and extra credit problems Wave-particle duality

More information

Chapter 27. Quantum Physics

Chapter 27. Quantum Physics Chapter 27 Quantum Physics Need for Quantum Physics Problems remained from classical mechanics that relativity didn t explain Blackbody Radiation The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a heated object

More information

The Description of the microscopic world

The Description of the microscopic world The Description of the microscopic worl This Friay Honor lecture Previous Lecture: Quantization of light, photons Photoelectric effect Particle-Wave ualism Catherine Woowar Botany Photosynthesis This Lecture:

More information

WHAT DOES THE ATOM REALLY LOOK LIKE? THE THOMSON MODEL

WHAT DOES THE ATOM REALLY LOOK LIKE? THE THOMSON MODEL WHAT DOES THE ATOM REALLY LOOK LIKE? THE THOMSON MODEL RUTHERFORD SCATTERING RUTHERFORD SCATTERING: SOME DETAILS RUTHERFORD SCATTERING: FINAL RESULTS N() = no. scattered into interval to +d N i = total

More information

Quantum Theory of Light

Quantum Theory of Light King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences Quantum Theory of Light General Physics II PHYS 111 Nouf Alkathran nalkathran@ksu.edu.sa Outline Definition

More information

Wave function and Quantum Physics

Wave function and Quantum Physics Wave function and Quantum Physics Properties of matter Consists of discreet particles Atoms, Molecules etc. Matter has momentum (mass) A well defined trajectory Does not diffract or interfere 1 particle

More information

Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation

Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation Planck s Quantum Hypothesis Blackbody Radiation The spectrum of blackbody radiation has been measured(next slide); it is found that the frequency of peak intensity increases linearly with temperature.

More information

General Physics (PHY 2140)

General Physics (PHY 2140) General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 27 Modern Physics Quantum Physics Blackbody radiation Plank s hypothesis http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2140/ Chapter 27 1 Quantum Physics 2 Introduction: Need

More information

PHYS 3313 Section 001 Lecture #16

PHYS 3313 Section 001 Lecture #16 PHYS 3313 Section 001 Lecture #16 Monday, Mar. 24, 2014 De Broglie Waves Bohr s Quantization Conditions Electron Scattering Wave Packets and Packet Envelops Superposition of Waves Electron Double Slit

More information

Lecture Outline Chapter 30. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outline Chapter 30. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline Chapter 30 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 30 Quantum Physics Units of Chapter 30 Blackbody Radiation and Planck s Hypothesis of Quantized Energy Photons and the Photoelectric

More information

Chapter 4: The Wave Nature of Matter

Chapter 4: The Wave Nature of Matter Chapter 4: The Wave Nature of Matter q We have seen in Chap. 3 that EM radiation displays both wave properties (classical description) and particle properties (quantum description) q Matter is described

More information

WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT

WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT Light is electromagnetic radiation, a type of energy composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The fields oscillate perpendicular to each other. In vacuum, these waves

More information

The Photoelectric Effect

The Photoelectric Effect The Photoelectric Effect Light can strike the surface of some metals causing an electron to be ejected No matter how brightly the light shines, electrons are ejected only if the light has sufficient energy

More information

Learning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016

Learning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Learning Objectives and Worksheet I Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Lectures (1 2) Nature of Light and Matter, Quantization of Energy, and the Wave Particle Duality Read: Chapter 12, Pages: 524 526 Supplementary

More information

Semiconductor Physics and Devices

Semiconductor Physics and Devices Introduction to Quantum Mechanics In order to understand the current-voltage characteristics, we need some knowledge of electron behavior in semiconductor when the electron is subjected to various potential

More information

Physics 102: Lecture 23

Physics 102: Lecture 23 Physics 102: Lecture 23 De Broglie Waves & Compton Scattering Place exam revisions in box at front of room either now or at end of lecture Physics 102: Lecture 23, Slide 1 Exam 3 Monday April 21! Material

More information

Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2016 Sessions 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures topics 1-2. [ch 12 pp ] 7th

Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2016 Sessions 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures topics 1-2. [ch 12 pp ] 7th Chemistry 1B Fall 2016 lectures topics 1-2 [ch 12 pp 522-537] 7th 1 goals of lectures 1-2 The laws of nature in 1900 (successful for describing large objects) describe particles AND describe waves Experiments

More information

Physics 102: Lecture 23

Physics 102: Lecture 23 Physics 102: Lecture 23 De Broglie Waves & Compton Scattering Physics 102: Lecture 23, Slide 1 Early Indications of Problems with Classical Physics Blackbody radiation Photoelectric effect Wave-particle

More information

Welcome back to PHY 3305

Welcome back to PHY 3305 Welcome back to PHY 3305 Today s Lecture: Double Slit Experiment Matter Waves Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie 1892-1987 Double-Slit Experiment Photons pass through the double-slit apparatus.

More information

Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2012 Lectures 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures 1-2. (ch 12 pp ) 6th [ch 12 pp ] 7th

Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2012 Lectures 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures 1-2. (ch 12 pp ) 6th [ch 12 pp ] 7th Chemistry 1B Fall 2012 lectures 1-2 (ch 12 pp 522-536) 6th [ch 12 pp 522-537] 7th 20 goals of lectures 1-2 The laws of nature in 1900 (successful for describing large objects) describe particles AND describe

More information

Physics 2D Lecture Slides Feb 10. Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics

Physics 2D Lecture Slides Feb 10. Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics Physics 2D Lecture Slides Feb 10 Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics Bohr s Explanation of Hydrogen like atoms Bohr s Semiclassical theory explained some spectroscopic data Nobel Prize : 1922 The hotch-potch of

More information

Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2013 Lectures 1-2

Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2013 Lectures 1-2 goals of lectures 1-2 Chemistry 1B Fall 2013 30 Nature of light and matter. Wave-particle duality chap.12 p524-531 lectures 1-2 (ch 12 pp 522-536) 6th [ch 12 pp 522-537] 7th The laws of nature in 1900

More information

Quantum Mechanics Tutorial

Quantum Mechanics Tutorial Quantum Mechanics Tutorial The Wave Nature of Matter Wave-particle duality and de Broglie s hypothesis. de Broglie matter waves The Davisson-Germer experiment Matter wave packets Heisenberg uncertainty

More information

Lecture 11 Atomic Structure

Lecture 11 Atomic Structure Lecture 11 Atomic Structure Earlier in the semester, you read about the discoveries that lead to the proposal of the nuclear atom, an atom of atomic number Z, composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded

More information

General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 15

General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 15 General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 15 Modern Physics Chapter 27 1. Quantum Physics The Compton Effect Photons and EM Waves Wave Properties of Particles Wave Functions The Uncertainty Principle http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~alan/2140website/main.htm

More information

CHE3935. Lecture 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

CHE3935. Lecture 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics CHE3935 Lecture 2 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1 The History Quantum mechanics is strange to us because it deals with phenomena that are, for the most part, unobservable at the macroscopic level i.e.,

More information

Incident wave. Scattered wave

Incident wave. Scattered wave Incident wave Scattered wave Dipole Antenna The Movies + - + - + - - + http://www.ee.iastate.edu/~hsiu/movies/dipole.mov link gone Oscillating (Accelerating) Charge The Movies Dr. Rod Cole, UCD-- http://maxwell.ucdavis.edu/~electro/

More information

Supplemental Activities. Module: Atomic Theory. Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter - Key

Supplemental Activities. Module: Atomic Theory. Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter - Key Supplemental Activities Module: Atomic Theory Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter - Key Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation Activity 1 1. What are the two components that make up electromagnetic

More information

λ = h = h p mv λ = h mv FXA 2008 Candidates should be able to :

λ = h = h p mv λ = h mv FXA 2008 Candidates should be able to : 1 Candidates should be able to : Explain electron diffraction as evidence for the wave nature of particles like electrons. Explain that electrons travelling through polycrystalline graphite will be diffracted

More information

Matter Waves. Chapter 5

Matter Waves. Chapter 5 Matter Waves Chapter 5 De Broglie pilot waves Electromagnetic waves are associated with quanta - particles called photons. Turning this fact on its head, Louis de Broglie guessed : Matter particles have

More information

Chapter 27 Quantum Physics

Chapter 27 Quantum Physics Key Ideas Two Principles of Relativity: The laws of physics are the same for all uniformly moving observers. The speed of light is the same for all observers. Consequences: Different observers measure

More information

Sometimes light acts like a wave Reminder: Schedule changes (see web page)

Sometimes light acts like a wave Reminder: Schedule changes (see web page) Announcements Sometimes light acts like a wave Reminder: Schedule changes (see web page) No class on Thursday 3/18 Exam 2 pushed back to Tues. 3/30 Today: Quantum Mechanics (Ch.13/14) Bright: Constructive

More information

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter GLIMPSES 1. Electron. It is an elementary particle having a negative charge of 1.6x C and mass 9.1x kg

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter GLIMPSES 1. Electron. It is an elementary particle having a negative charge of 1.6x C and mass 9.1x kg Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter GLIMPSES 1. Electron. It is an elementary particle having a negative charge of 1.6x 10-19 C and mass 9.1x 10-31 kg... Work function. The minimum amount of energy required

More information

Electromagnetic Radiation

Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 6: The Periodic Table and Atomic Structure Electromagnetic Radiation Atomic Spectra The Bohr Atom Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom Wave Mechanics Quantum Numbers and Electron Orbitals Interpreting

More information

Quantum Physics Lecture 3

Quantum Physics Lecture 3 Quantum Physics Lecture 3 If light (waves) are particle-like, are particles wave-like? Electron diffraction - Davisson & Germer Experiment Particle in a box -Quantisation of energy Wave Particle?? Wave

More information

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Chapter Eleven DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER MCQ I 111 A particle is dropped from a height H The de Broglie wavelength of the particle as a function of height is proportional to (a) H (b) H 1/2 (c)

More information

Constants & Atomic Data. The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics. debroglie s Wave Equations. Energy Calculations. λ = f = h E.

Constants & Atomic Data. The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics. debroglie s Wave Equations. Energy Calculations. λ = f = h E. Constants & Atomic Data The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics Honors Physics Don Rhine Look inside back cover of book! Speed of Light (): c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s Elementary Charge: e - = p + =

More information

Preview. Atomic Physics Section 1. Section 1 Quantization of Energy. Section 2 Models of the Atom. Section 3 Quantum Mechanics

Preview. Atomic Physics Section 1. Section 1 Quantization of Energy. Section 2 Models of the Atom. Section 3 Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Section 1 Preview Section 1 Quantization of Energy Section 2 Models of the Atom Section 3 Quantum Mechanics Atomic Physics Section 1 TEKS The student is expected to: 8A describe the photoelectric

More information

Evidence that x-rays are wave-like

Evidence that x-rays are wave-like Evidence that x-rays are wave-like After their discovery in 1895 by Roentgen, their spectrum (including characteristic x-rays) was probed and their penetrating ability was exploited, but it was difficult

More information

Problems with Classical Physics. Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom

Problems with Classical Physics. Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom The Quantum Gang Problems with Classical Physics Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Compton Effect Bohr Model of Atom Why this shape? Why the drop? Blackbody Radiation A black body is an ideal system

More information

Chemistry. Slide 1 / 72. Slide 2 / 72. Slide 3 / 72. Atomic Structures Practice Problems

Chemistry. Slide 1 / 72. Slide 2 / 72. Slide 3 / 72. Atomic Structures Practice Problems Slide 1 / 72 Slide 2 / 72 Chemistry Atomic Structures Practice Problems 2015-10-27 www.njctl.org 1 According to Einstein s view of matter and energy, what is the common link between light and matter? Slide

More information

The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics. Honors Physics Don Rhine

The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics. Honors Physics Don Rhine The birth of atomic physics and quantum mechanics Honors Physics Don Rhine Constants & Atomic Data Look inside back cover of book! Speed of Light (vacuum): c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s Elementary Charge: e - =

More information

Quantum Mechanics. Exam 3. Photon(or electron) interference? Photoelectric effect summary. Using Quantum Mechanics. Wavelengths of massive objects

Quantum Mechanics. Exam 3. Photon(or electron) interference? Photoelectric effect summary. Using Quantum Mechanics. Wavelengths of massive objects Exam 3 Hour Exam 3: Wednesday, November 29th In-class, Quantum Physics and Nuclear Physics Twenty multiple-choice questions Will cover:chapters 13, 14, 15 and 16 Lecture material You should bring 1 page

More information

Chapter 4. The wave like properties of particle

Chapter 4. The wave like properties of particle Chapter 4 The wave like properties of particle Louis de Broglie 1892 1987 French physicist Originally studied history Was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1929 for his prediction of the wave nature of electrons

More information

Lecture 6 - Atomic Structure. Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6. Lecture 6 - Introduction

Lecture 6 - Atomic Structure. Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6. Lecture 6 - Introduction Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6 Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation Light interacting with matter The properties of light and matter Lecture

More information

Dept. of Physics, MIT Manipal 1

Dept. of Physics, MIT Manipal 1 Chapter 1: Optics 1. In the phenomenon of interference, there is A Annihilation of light energy B Addition of energy C Redistribution energy D Creation of energy 2. Interference fringes are obtained using

More information

The Death of Classical Physics. The Rise of the Photon

The Death of Classical Physics. The Rise of the Photon The Death of Classical Physics The Rise of the Photon A fundamental question: What is Light? James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879 Electromagnetic Wave Max Planck 1858-1947 Photon Maxwell's Equations (1865) Maxwell's

More information

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS LSN 12-1A: INTERACTIONS OF MATTER WITH RADIATION Questions From Reading Activity? Essential Idea: The microscopic quantum world offers a range of phenomena,

More information

Lecture 16 Quantum Physics Chapter 28

Lecture 16 Quantum Physics Chapter 28 Lecture 16 Quantum Physics Chapter 28 Particles vs. Waves Physics of particles p = mv K = ½ mv2 Particles collide and do not pass through each other Conservation of: Momentum Energy Electric Charge Physics

More information

Quantum Mechanics. Particle in a box All were partial answers, leading Schrödinger to wave mechanics

Quantum Mechanics. Particle in a box All were partial answers, leading Schrödinger to wave mechanics Chemistry 4521 Time is flying by: only 15 lectures left!! Six quantum mechanics Four Spectroscopy Third Hour exam Three statistical mechanics Review Final Exam, Wednesday, May 4, 7:30 10 PM Quantum Mechanics

More information

Physics 1C. Modern Physics Lecture

Physics 1C. Modern Physics Lecture Physics 1C Modern Physics Lecture "I ask you to look both ways. For the road to a knowledge of the stars leads through the atom; and important knowledge of the atom has been reached through the stars."

More information

Chapter 38. Photons Light Waves Behaving as Particles

Chapter 38. Photons Light Waves Behaving as Particles Chapter 38 Photons Light Waves Behaving as Particles 38.1 The Photoelectric Effect The photoelectric effect was first discovered by Hertz in 1887, and was explained by Einstein in 1905. The photoelectric

More information

Wave nature of matter

Wave nature of matter Lecture 11 Wave nature of matter Announcements: lecture 10 is posted homework 6 (due Feb 25, in class) solutions are posted on CULearn homework 7 (due March 4, in class) is posted on CULearn reading for

More information

Wave properties of matter & Quantum mechanics I. Chapter 5

Wave properties of matter & Quantum mechanics I. Chapter 5 Wave properties of matter & Quantum mechanics I Chapter 5 X-ray diffraction Max von Laue suggested that if x-rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation, interference effects should be observed. Crystals

More information

Entering the 2009 Raab Contest Steve Brehmer

Entering the 2009 Raab Contest Steve Brehmer Entering the 2009 Raab Contest Steve Brehmer stbrehmer70@gmail.com Mayo High School Rochester, Minnesota The Bakken Museum Minneapolis, Minnesota Enjoy the Day Absorb as much as you can from the lectures

More information

Wave Properties of Particles Louis debroglie:

Wave Properties of Particles Louis debroglie: Wave Properties of Particles Louis debroglie: If light is both a wave and a particle, why not electrons? In 194 Louis de Broglie suggested in his doctoral dissertation that there is a wave connected with

More information

Supplemental Activities. Module: Atomic Theory. Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter

Supplemental Activities. Module: Atomic Theory. Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter Supplemental Activities Module: Atomic Theory Section: Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation Activity 1 1. What are the two components that make up electromagnetic

More information

Lecture 8: Wave-Particle Duality. Lecture 8, p 2

Lecture 8: Wave-Particle Duality. Lecture 8, p 2 We choose to examine a phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible, to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery.

More information

Physics 107 Final Exam May 6, Your Name: 1. Questions

Physics 107 Final Exam May 6, Your Name: 1. Questions Physics 107 Final Exam May 6, 1996 Your Name: 1. Questions 1. 9. 17. 5.. 10. 18. 6. 3. 11. 19. 7. 4. 1. 0. 8. 5. 13. 1. 9. 6. 14.. 30. 7. 15. 3. 8. 16. 4.. Problems 1. 4. 7. 10. 13.. 5. 8. 11. 14. 3. 6.

More information

Chapter (5) Matter Waves

Chapter (5) Matter Waves Chapter (5) Matter Waves De Broglie wavelength Wave groups Consider a one- dimensional wave propagating in the positive x- direction with a phase speed v p. Where v p is the speed of a point of constant

More information

Wave Nature of Matter

Wave Nature of Matter Wave Nature of Matter Wave-Particle Duality de Broglie proposed that particles with momentum could have an associated wavelength (converse of photons having momentum) de Broglie wavelength h λ = p or p

More information

The Bohr Model of Hydrogen, a Summary, Review

The Bohr Model of Hydrogen, a Summary, Review The Bohr Model of Hydrogen, a Summary, Review Allowed electron orbital radii and speeds: Allowed electron energy levels: Problems with the Bohr Model Bohr s model for the atom was a huge success in that

More information

Chapter 28 Quantum Theory Lecture 24

Chapter 28 Quantum Theory Lecture 24 Chapter 28 Quantum Theory Lecture 24 28.1 Particles, Waves, and Particles-Waves 28.2 Photons 28.3 Wavelike Properties Classical Particles 28.4 Electron Spin 28.5 Meaning of the Wave Function 28.6 Tunneling

More information

Particles and Waves Particles Waves

Particles and Waves Particles Waves Particles and Waves Particles Discrete and occupy space Exist in only one location at a time Position and velocity can be determined with infinite accuracy Interact by collisions, scattering. Waves Extended,

More information

From Last Time. Electron diffraction. Making a particle out of waves. Planetary model of atom. Using quantum mechanics ev 1/ 2 nm E kinetic

From Last Time. Electron diffraction. Making a particle out of waves. Planetary model of atom. Using quantum mechanics ev 1/ 2 nm E kinetic From Last Time All objects show both wave-like properties and particle-like properties. Electromagnetic radiation (e.g. light) shows interference effects (wave-like properties), but also comes in discrete

More information

Energy levels and atomic structures lectures chapter one

Energy levels and atomic structures lectures chapter one Structure of Atom An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are

More information

LECTURE 6 QUANTUM PHYSICS II. Instructor: Shih-Chieh Hsu

LECTURE 6 QUANTUM PHYSICS II. Instructor: Shih-Chieh Hsu LECTURE 6 QUANTUM PHYSICS II Instructor: Shih-Chieh Hsu Development of Quantum Mechanics 2 In 1862, Kirchhoff coined black body radiation or known as cavity radiation The experiments raised the question

More information

Class 21. Early Quantum Mechanics and the Wave Nature of Matter. Physics 106. Winter Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. Class 21.

Class 21. Early Quantum Mechanics and the Wave Nature of Matter. Physics 106. Winter Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. Class 21. Early and the Wave Nature of Matter Winter 2018 Press CTRL-L to view as a slide show. Last Time Last time we discussed: Optical systems Midterm 2 Today we will discuss: Quick of X-ray diffraction Compton

More information

Chapter 10: Wave Properties of Particles

Chapter 10: Wave Properties of Particles Chapter 10: Wave Properties of Particles Particles such as electrons may demonstrate wave properties under certain conditions. The electron microscope uses these properties to produce magnified images

More information

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9

Complementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9 Complementi di Fisica Lectures 7-9 Livio Lanceri Università di Trieste Trieste, 07/09-10-2012 Course Outline - Reminder Quantum Mechanics: an introduction Waves as particles and particles as waves (the

More information

c = λν 10/23/13 What gives gas-filled lights their colors? Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms

c = λν 10/23/13 What gives gas-filled lights their colors? Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms CHEMISTRY & YOU What gives gas-filled lights their colors? Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms 5.1 Revising the Atomic Model 5. Electron Arrangement in Atoms 5.3 Atomic and the Quantum Mechanical Model An electric

More information

is the minimum stopping potential for which the current between the plates reduces to zero.

is the minimum stopping potential for which the current between the plates reduces to zero. Module 1 :Quantum Mechanics Chapter 2 : Introduction to Quantum ideas Introduction to Quantum ideas We will now consider some experiments and their implications, which introduce us to quantum ideas. The

More information

It s a wave. It s a particle It s an electron It s a photon. It s light!

It s a wave. It s a particle It s an electron It s a photon. It s light! It s a wave It s a particle It s an electron It s a photon It s light! What they expected Young s famous experiment using a beam of electrons instead of a light beam. And, what they saw Wave-Particle Duality

More information

General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 14

General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 14 General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 14 Modern Physics 1. Relativity Einstein s General Relativity 2. Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect X-Rays Diffraction by Crystals The Compton Effect

More information

Physics 1C. Chapter 28 !!!!

Physics 1C. Chapter 28 !!!! Physics 1C Chapter 28!!!! "Splitting the atom is like trying to shoot a gnat in the Albert Hall at night and using ten million rounds of ammunition on the off chance of getting it. That should convince

More information

Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics

Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. From Classical to Quantum Mechanics Classical Mechanics (Newton): It describes the motion of a classical particle (discrete object). dp F ma, p = m = dt dx m dt F: force (N) a: acceleration

More information

ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5)

ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5) ATOMIC STRUCTURE Kotz Ch 7 & Ch 22 (sect 4,5) properties of light spectroscopy quantum hypothesis hydrogen atom Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle orbitals ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION subatomic particles (electron,

More information

CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I

CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I CHAPTER 5 Wave Properties of Matter and Quantum Mechanics I 5.1 X-Ray Scattering 5.2 De Broglie Waves 5.3 Electron Scattering 5.4 Wave Motion 5.5 Waves or Particles? 5.6 Uncertainty Principle 5.7 Probability,

More information

Lecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity

Lecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Lecture 2: Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Atom Atomic number A Number of protons Z Number of neutrons A-Z Number of electrons Z Charge of electron = charge of proton ~1.6 10-19 C Size of the atom ~10-10

More information

MIDTERM 3 REVIEW SESSION. Dr. Flera Rizatdinova

MIDTERM 3 REVIEW SESSION. Dr. Flera Rizatdinova MIDTERM 3 REVIEW SESSION Dr. Flera Rizatdinova Summary of Chapter 23 Index of refraction: Angle of reflection equals angle of incidence Plane mirror: image is virtual, upright, and the same size as the

More information

Exam 4. P202 Spring 2004 Instructor: Prof. Sinova

Exam 4. P202 Spring 2004 Instructor: Prof. Sinova Exam 4 P202 Spring 2004 Instructor: Prof. Sinova Name: Date: 4/22/04 Section: All work must be shown to get credit for the answer marked. You must show or state your reasoning. If the answer marked does

More information

Chapter 7 Problems: 16, 17, 19 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 38 41, 45, 49, 53, 60, 61, 65, 67, 75, 79, 80, 83, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97, 101, 111, 113, 115

Chapter 7 Problems: 16, 17, 19 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 38 41, 45, 49, 53, 60, 61, 65, 67, 75, 79, 80, 83, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97, 101, 111, 113, 115 Chapter 7 Problems: 16, 17, 19 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 38 41, 45, 49, 53, 60, 61, 65, 67, 75, 79, 80, 83, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97, 101, 111, 113, 115 117, 121, 122, 125a Chapter 7 Atomic Structure and Periodicity

More information

CHAPTER 28 Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Units

CHAPTER 28 Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Units CHAPTER 28 Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Units Quantum Mechanics A New Theory The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Philosophic Implications;

More information

Physics 107: Ideas of Modern Physics

Physics 107: Ideas of Modern Physics Physics 107: Ideas of Modern Physics Exam 3 Nov. 30, 2005 Name ID # Section # On the Scantron sheet, 1) Fill in your name 2) Fill in your student ID # (not your social security #) 3) Fill in your section

More information

RED. BLUE Light. Light-Matter

RED. BLUE Light.   Light-Matter 1 Light-Matter This experiment demonstrated that light behaves as a wave. Essentially Thomas Young passed a light of a single frequency ( colour) through a pair of closely spaced narrow slits and on the

More information

Chp 6: Atomic Structure

Chp 6: Atomic Structure Chp 6: Atomic Structure 1. Electromagnetic Radiation 2. Light Energy 3. Line Spectra & the Bohr Model 4. Electron & Wave-Particle Duality 5. Quantum Chemistry & Wave Mechanics 6. Atomic Orbitals Overview

More information

The Discovery of the Wave Nature of the Electron

The Discovery of the Wave Nature of the Electron The Discovery of the Wave Nature of the Electron de Broglie s Theory of Matter Waves Luis Suarez University of South Carolina Louis de Broglie 1892-1987 2 A brief history of light Is it a stream of particles

More information

27-1 Planck Solves the Ultraviolet Catastrophe

27-1 Planck Solves the Ultraviolet Catastrophe 27-1 Planck Solves the Ultraviolet Catastrophe By the end of the 19 th century, most physicists were confident that the world was well understood. Aside from a few nagging questions, everything seemed

More information

Chapter 28: Quantum Physics. Don t Copy This. Quantum Physics 3/16/13

Chapter 28: Quantum Physics. Don t Copy This. Quantum Physics 3/16/13 Chapter 28: Quantum Physics Key Terms: Photoelectric effect Photons de Broglie wavelength Energy level diagram Wave-particle duality Don t Copy This Except for relativity, everything we have studied up

More information

A Much Closer Look at Atomic Structure

A Much Closer Look at Atomic Structure Ideas We Will Clear Up Before You Graduate: WRONG IDEAS 1. The electron always behaves as a particle. BETTER SUPPORTED BY EXPERIMENTS 1. There s a wavelength associated with very small particles like the

More information

CVB102 Lecture 1 - Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Contact Information: Dr. Bill Lot Electronic Structure of Atoms

CVB102 Lecture 1 - Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Contact Information: Dr. Bill Lot Electronic Structure of Atoms CVB102 Lecture 1 - Chemical Structure and Reactivity Contact Information: Dr. Bill Lot b.lott@qut.edu.au Electronic Structure of Atoms Text: Blackman, et al Pp. 127-147 (Pp. 148-159 recommended) The periodic

More information

Physics 1161: Lecture 22

Physics 1161: Lecture 22 Physics 1161: Lecture 22 Blackbody Radiation Photoelectric Effect Wave-Particle Duality sections 30-1 30-4 Everything comes unglued The predictions of classical physics (Newton s laws and Maxwell s equations)

More information

Physics 116. Nov 21, Session 31 De Broglie, duality, and uncertainty. R. J. Wilkes

Physics 116. Nov 21, Session 31 De Broglie, duality, and uncertainty. R. J. Wilkes Physics 116 Session 31 De Broglie, duality, and uncertainty Nov 21, 2011 R. J. Wilkes Email: ph116@u.washington.edu Announcements HW 6 due today Clicker scores have been updated on Webassign gradebook

More information

Quantum Mechanics of Atoms

Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Your theory is crazy, but it's not crazy enough to be true N. Bohr to W. Pauli Quantum Mechanics of Atoms 2 Limitations of the Bohr Model The model was a great break-through,

More information

Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation. Introduction Jan. 18, Jie Zhang

Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation. Introduction Jan. 18, Jie Zhang Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation Introduction Jan. 18, 2010 Jie Zhang PHYS 306 Spring, 2010 Introduction This class is about the physics of LIGHT. Textbook: Optics by Ghatak (2010) Content What

More information

5.111 Principles of Chemical Science

5.111 Principles of Chemical Science MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 5.111 Lecture Summary

More information