Soft Neutrosophic Bi-LA-semigroup and Soft Neutrosophic N-LA-seigroup

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Soft Neutrosophic Bi-LA-semigroup and Soft Neutrosophic N-LA-seigroup"

Transcription

1 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, Soft Neutrosophc B-LA-semgroup and Soft Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarandache, Muhammad Shabr 3,3 Department of Mathematcs, Quad--Azam Unversty, Islamabad, 44000,Pakstan. -mal: Unversty of New Mexco, 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, New Mexco 8730, USA -mal: Abstract. Soft set theory s a general mathematcal tool for dealng wth uncertan, fuzzy, not clearly defned objects. In ths paper we ntroduced soft neutrosophc b- LA-semgroup,soft neutosophc sub b-la-semgroup, soft neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup wth the dscusson of some of ther characterstcs. We also ntroduced a new type of soft neutrophc b-lasemgroup, the so called soft strong neutrosophc b-lasemgoup whch s of pure neutrosophc character. Ths s also extend to soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup. We also gven some of ther propertes of ths newly born soft structure related to the strong part of neutrosophc theory. Keywords: Neutrosophc b-la-semgroup,neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup, Soft set, Soft neutrosophc b-lasemgroup. Soft Neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup. Introducton Florentne Smarandache for the frst tme ntroduced the concept of neutrosophy n 995, whch s bascally a new branch of phlosophy whch actually studes the orgn, nature, and scope of neutraltes. The neutrosophc logc came nto beng by neutrosophy. In neutrosophc logc each proposton s approxmated to have the percentage of truth n a subset T, the percentage of ndetermnacy n a subset I, and the percentage of falsty n a subset F. Neutrosophc logc s an extenson of fuzzy logc. In fact the neutrosophc set s the generalzaton of classcal set, fuzzy conventonal set, ntutonstc fuzzy set, and nterval valued fuzzy set. Neutrosophc logc s used to overcome the problems of mprecseness, ndetermnate, and nconsstences of date etc. The theory of neutrosophy s so applcable to every feld of algebra. W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentn Smarandache ntroduced neutrosophc felds, neutrosophc rngs, neutrosophc vector spaces, neutrosophc groups, neutrosophc bgroups and neutrosophc N -groups, neutrosophc semgroups, neutrosophc bsemgroups, and neutrosophc N -semgroups, neutrosophc loops, nuetrosophc bloops, and neutrosophc N -loops, and so on. Mumtaz al et. al. ntroduced nuetrosophc LA -semgroups. Soft neutrosophc LA-semgroup has been ntroduced by Florentn Smarandache et.al. Molodtsov ntroduced the theory of soft set. Ths mathematcal tool s free from parameterzaton nadequacy, syndrome of fuzzy set theory, rough set theory, probablty theory and so on. Ths theory has been appled successfully n many felds such as smoothness of functons, game theory, operaton research, emann ntegraton, Perron ntegraton, and probablty. ecently soft set theory attaned much attenton of the researchers snce ts appearance and the work based on several operatons of soft set ntroduced n,9,0. Some propertes and algebra may be found 5. By n. Feng et al. ntroduced soft semrngs n means of level soft sets an adjustable approach to fuzzy soft set can be seen n 6. Some other concepts together wth fuzzy set and rough set were shown n 7,8. In ths paper we ntroduced soft nuetrosophc b-lasemgroup and soft neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup and the related strong or pure part of neutrosophy wth the notons of soft set theory. In the proceedng secton, we defne soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup, soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup, and some of ther propertes are dscussed. In the last secton soft neutrosophc N -LAsemgroup and ther correspondng strong theory have been constructed wth some of ther propertes. Neutrosophc N-LA-segroup

2 46 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04 Fundamental Concepts Defnton. Let ( BN( S),, ) be a nonempty set wth two bnary operatons and. ( BN( S),, ) s sad to BN( S) P P be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup f where atleast one of ( P, ) or ( P, ) s a neutrosophc LA-semgroup and other s just an LA- semgroup. P and P are proper subsets of If both ( P, ) and ( P, ) n the above defnton are neutrosophc LA-semgroups then we call ( BN( S),, ) a strong neutrosophc b-la-semgroup. Defnton. Let ( BN( S) P P;:, ) be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup. A proper subset ( T,, ) s sad to be a neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup of BN( S ) f. T T T where T P T and T PT and (, ) ( T, ) s a neutrosoph-. At least one of T or c LA-semgroup. Defnton 3. Let ( BN( S) P P,, ) be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup. A proper subset ( T,, ) s sad to be a neutrosophc strong sub b-la-semgroup of BN( S ) f. T T T where T P T and T PT and. ( T, ) and ( T, ) are neutrosophc strong LAsemgroups. Defnton 4. Let ( BN( S) P P,, ) be any neutrosophc b-la-semgroup. Let J be a proper subset of BN( S ) such that J J P and J J P are deals of P and P respectvely. Then J s called the neutrosophc bdeal of Defnton 5. Let ( BN( S),, ) be a strong neutrosophc b-la-semgroup where BN( S) P P wth ( P, ) and ( P, ) be any two neutrosophc LA-semgroups. Let J be a proper subset of BN( S ) where I II wth I I P and I I P are neutrosophc deals of the neutrosophc LA-semgroups P and P respectvely. Then I s called or defned as the strong neutrosophc bdeal of Defnton 6. Let { SN ( ),,..., } be a non-empty set wth N -bnary operatons defned on t. We call SN ( ) a neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup ( N a postve nteger) f the followng condtons are satsfed. ) S( N) S... SN where each S s a proper subset of SN ( ).e. S Sj or Sj S f j. ) ( S, ) s ether a neutrosophc LA-semgroup or an LA-semgroup for,,3,..., N. If all the N -LA-semgroups ( S, ) are neutrosophc LA-semgroups (.e. for,,3,..., N ) then we call SN ( ) to be a neutrosophc strong N -LA-semgroup. Defnton 7. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset P {P P...P,,,..., } of SN ( ) s sad N to be a neutrosophc sub N -LA-semgroup f P P S,,,..., N are sub LA-semgroups of S n whch atleast some of the sub LA-semgroups are neutrosophc sub LA-semgroups. Defnton 8. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc strong N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset T {T T... T,,,..., } of SN ( ) s N sad to be a neutrosophc strong sub N -LA-semgroup f each ( T, ) s a neutrosophc sub LA-semgroup of ( S, ) for,,..., N where T S T. Defnton 9. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset P {P P... P N,,,..., N } of SN ( ) s sad to be a neutrosophc N -deal, f the followng condtons are true,. P s a neutrosophc sub N -LA-semgroup of N N

3 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, ach P S P,,,..., N s an deal of S. Defnton 0. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc strong N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset J {J J...J,,,..., } where N Jt J St for t,,..., N s sad to be a neutrosophc strong N -deal of SN ( ) f the followng condtons are satsfed. ) ach t s a neutrosophc sub LA-semgroup of St, t,,..., N.e. It s a neutrosophc strong N- sub LA-semgroup of ) ach t s a two sded deal of S t for t,,..., N. Smlarly one can defne neutrosophc strong N -left deal or neutrosophc strong rght deal of A neutrosophc strong N -deal s one whch s both a neutrosophc strong N -left deal and N -rght deal of Soft Sets Throughout ths subsecton U refers to an ntal unverse, s a set of parameters, PU ( ) s the power set of U, and A, B. Molodtsov defned the soft set n the followng manner: Defnton. A par ( FA, ) s called a soft set over U where F s a mappng gven by F : A P( U ). In other words, a soft set over U s a parameterzed famly of subsets of the unverse U. For a A, F(a) may be consdered as the set of a -elements of the soft set ( FA, ), or as the set of a -approxmate elements of the soft set. xample. Suppose that U s the set of shops. s the set of parameters and each parameter s a word or sentence. Let hgh rent,normal rent,. n good condton,n bad condton Let us consder a soft set ( FA, ) whch descrbes the attractveness of shops that Mr.Z s takng on rent. Suppose that there are fve houses n the unverse N U { s, s, s3, s4, s 5} under consderaton, and that A { a, a, a } be the set of parameters where 3 a stands for the parameter 'hgh rent, a stands for the parameter 'normal rent, a 3 stands for the parameter 'n good condton. Suppose that F( a) { s, s 4}, F( a ) { s, s }, 5 F( a ) { s }. 3 3 The soft set ( FA, ) s an approxmated famly { F( a ),,,3} of subsets of the set U whch gves us a collecton of approxmate descrpton of an object. Then ( FA, ) s a soft set as a collecton of approxmatons over U, where F( a ) hgh rent { s, s }, F( a ) normal rent { s, s }, 5 F( a ) n good condton { s }. 3 3 Defnton. For two soft sets ( FA, ) and ( HB, ) over U, ( FA, ) s called a soft subset of ( HB, ) f. A B and. F( a) H( a ), for all x A. Ths relatonshp s denoted by ( A) ( H, B ). Smlarly ( FA, ) s called a soft superset of ( HB, ) f ( HB, ) s a soft subset of ( FA, ) whch s denoted by ( A) ( H, B ). Defnton 3. Two soft sets ( FA, ) and ( HB, ) over U are called soft equal f ( FA, ) s a soft subset of ( HB, ) and ( HB, ) s a soft subset of ( FA, ). Defnton 4. Let ( FA, ) and ( KB, ) be two soft sets over a common unverse U such that A B. Then ther restrcted ntersecton s denoted by ( A) ( K, B) ( H, C ) where ( HC, ) s defned as H( c) F( c) c) for all c C A B.

4 48 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04 Defnton 5. The extended ntersecton of two soft sets ( FA, ) and ( KB, ) over a common unverse U s the soft set ( HC, ), where C A B, and for all c C, Hc () s defned as F( c) f c A B, H( c) G( c) f c B A, F( c) G( c) f c A B. We wrte ( A) ( K, B) ( H, C ). Defnton 6. The restrcted unon of two soft sets ( FA, ) and ( KB, ) over a common unverse U s the soft set ( HC, ), where C A B, and for all c C, () H c F c G c for all c C. We wrte t as ( A) ( K, B) ( H, C). Hc s defned as ( ) ( ) ( ) Defnton 7. The extended unon of two soft sets ( FA, ) and ( KB, ) over a common unverse U s the soft set ( HC, ), where C A B, and for all c C, Hc () s defned as F( c) f c A B, H( c) G( c) f c B A, F( c) G( c) f c A B. We wrte ( A) ( K, B) ( H, C ). 3 Soft Neutrosophc B-LA-semgroup Defnton 8. Let BN( S ) be a neutrosophc b-la- semgroup and ( FA, ) be a soft set over Then ( FA, ) s called soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup f and only f Fa ( ) s a neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup of BN( S ) for all a A. xample. Let BN( S) { SI S I } be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup where S I,,3,4, I, I,3 I,4I s a neutrosophc LA-semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 4 I I 3I 4I 4 3 I 4I I 3I 3 4 3I I 4I I I I 3I I I 3I I 4I I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I S I,,3, I, I,3I be another neutrosophc b-la-semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 I I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I A { a, a, a } be a set of parameters. Then clearly Let 3 ( FA, ) s a soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over BN( S ), where F( a ) {, I} {,3,3 I}, F( a ) {, I} {,3, I,3 I}, F( a ) {4,4 I} { I,3 I}. 3 K be two soft neu- Proposton. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) trosophc b-la-semgroups over Then

5 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, Ther extended ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over. Ther restrcted ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over 3. Ther AND operaton ( A) ( K,D) neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over K be two soft neutro- emark. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) sophc b-la-semgroups over Then s soft. Ther extended unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over. Ther restrcted unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over 3. Ther O operaton ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over One can easly proved (),(), and (3) by the help of examples. Defnton 9. Let ( FA, ) and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroups over Then (K,D) s called soft neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup of ( FA, ), f. D A.. K( a ) s a neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup of Fa ( ) for all a A. xample 3. Let ( FA, ) be a soft neutrosophc b-la- semgroup over BN( S ) n xample (). Then clearly ( KD, ) s a soft neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup of ( FA, ) over BN( S ), where K( a ) {, I} {3,3 I}, K( a ) {, I} {, I}. Theorem. Let A be a soft neutrosophc b-lasemgroup over ( ) BN S and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc sub b-lasemgroups of A. Then ) H Bj jj s a soft neutrosophc sub b-lasemgroup of A. ) H Bj jj s a soft neutrosophc sub b-lasemgroup of A. 3) H Bj jj s a soft neutrosophc sub b-lasemgroup of A f j k k J. B B for all FA be a soft set over a neutrosoph- FA s called soft Fa s Defnton 0. Let (, ) c b-la-semgroup Then (, ) neutrosophc bdeal over BN( S ) f and only f ( ) a neutrosophc bdeal of BN( S ), for all a A. xample 4. Let BN( S) { SI S I } be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup, where S I,,3, I, I,3I be another neutrosophc b-la-semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 I I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I

6 50 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04,,3,,,3 be another neutrosophc LA-semgroup wth the followng table. And S I I I I. 3 I I 3I 3 3 3I 3I I I I I 3 I I I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I I I I I I I I 3I I I I I I I Let A { a, a} be a set of parameters. Then, a soft neutrosophc bdeal over BN( S ), where F a,i,3,3 I {, I}, F a,3, I,3 I {,3, I,3I}. F A s Proposton. very soft neutrosophc bdeal over a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup s trvally a soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup but the conver true n general. One can easly see the converse by the help of example. Proposton 3. Let A and KD, be two soft neutrosophc bdeals over Then ) Ther restrcted unon F A, ( K, D) a soft neutrosophc bdeal over ) Ther restrcted ntersecton A K, D soft neutrosophc bdeal over 3) Ther extended unon A K, D s a a soft neutrosophc bdeal over 4) Ther extended ntersecton A K, D soft neutrosophc bdeal over s a Proposton 4. Let A and ( KD, ) be two soft neutrosophc bdeals over Then. Ther O operaton A K, D a soft neutrosophc bdeal over. Ther AND operaton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc bdeal over Defnton. Let A and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc b- LA-semgroups over Then ( KD, ) s called soft neutrosophc bdeal of A, f ) B A, and ) Ka ( ) s a neutrosophc bdeal of ( ) a A. Fa, for all xample 5. Let A be a soft neutrosophc b-lasemgroup over BN( S ) n xample (*). Then ( KD, ) A over BN( S ), s a soft neutrosophc bdeal of where K a I,3 I {, I}, K a,3, I,3 I { I,3I}. Theorem. A soft neutrosophc bdeal of a soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup over a neutrosophc b- LA_semgroup s trvally a soft neutosophc sub b-lasemgroup but the converse true n general. G B are soft neutro- Proposton 5. If F, A and, sophc bdeals of soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroups A and GB, over neutrosophc b-lasemgroups F ', A ' G ', B ' NS and N T respectvely. Then s a soft neutrosophc bdeal of soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup A G, B N S N T. over Theorem 3. Let A be a soft neutrosophc b-lasemgroup over ( ) BN S and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc bdeals of A. Then

7 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04 5 s a soft neutrosophcb deal of ) H Bj jj A. ) H Bj s a soft neutrosophc bdeal of j J A. 3) H Bj jj s a soft neutrosophc bdeal of A. 4) H Bj s a soft neutrosophc bdeal of j J A. 4 Soft Neutrosophc Storng B-LA-semgroup Defnton. Let BN( S ) be a neutrosophc b-lasemgroup and ( FA, ) be a soft set over Then ( FA, ) s called soft neutrosophc strong b-lasemgroup f and only f Fa ( ) s a neutrosophc strong sub b-la-semgroup for all a A. xample 6. Let BN( S ) be a neutrosophc b-lasemgroup n xample (). Let A { a, a} parameters. Then (, ) LA-semgroup over BN( S ),where be a set of FA s a soft neutrosophc strong b- F( a ) { I, I,3 I,4 I} { I,3 I}, F( a ) { I, I,3 I,4 I} { I,3 I}. K be two soft neu- Proposton 6. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) trosophc strong b-la-semgroups over Then. Ther extended ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup over. Ther restrcted ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup over 3. Ther AND operaton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup over K be two soft neutro- emark. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) sophc strong b-la-semgroups over Then. Ther extended unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup over. Ther restrcted unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup over 3. Ther O operaton ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup over One can easly proved (),(), and (3) by the help of examples. Defnton 3. Let ( FA, ) and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroups over Then (K,D) s called soft neutrosophc strong sub b-lasemgroup of ( FA, ), f. B A.. K( a ) s a neutrosophc strong sub b-lasemgroup of Fa ( ) for all a A. Theorem 4. Let A be a soft neutrosophc strong b- LA-semgroup over ( ) BN S and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc strong sub b- LA-semgroups of A. Then s a soft neutrosophc strong. H Bj jj sub b-la-semgroup of A. s a soft neutrosophc strong sub. H Bj jj b-la-semgroup of A. s a soft neutrosophc strong 3. H Bj jj

8 5 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04 sub b-la-semgroup of A f B B for all k j k J. Defnton 4. Let ( FA, ) be a soft set over a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup Then ( FA, ) s called soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over BN( S ) f and only f Fa ( ) s a neutrosophc strong bdeal of BN( S ), for all a A. xample 7. Let BN( S ) be a neutrosophc b-la- A { a, a } be a set of semgroup n xample (*). Let parameters. Then clearly (A) s a soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over BN( S ), where F a I,3 I {I, I,3 I}, F a I,3 I {I,3I}. Theorem 5. very soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over BN( S ) s a soft neutrosophc bdeal but the converse s not true. We can easly see the converse by the help of example. Proposton 7. very soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup s trvally a soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup but the converse s not true n general. Proposton 8. very soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup s trvally a soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup but the converse true n general. One can easly see the converse by the help of example. Proposton 9. Let A and KD, be two soft neutrosophc strong bdeals over Then. Ther restrcted unon F A, ( K, D) a soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over. Ther restrcted ntersecton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over 3. Ther extended unon A K, D a soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over 4. Ther extended ntersecton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc strong bdeal over 5. Ther O operaton A K, D a soft neutrosophc bdeal over 6. Ther AND operaton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc bdeal over Defnton 5. Let A and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc strong b- LA-semgroups over Then ( KD, ) s called soft neutrosophc strong bdeal of A, f. D A, and Ka s a neutrosophc strong bdeal of A.. ( ) Fa ( ), for all a Theorem 6. A soft neutrosophc strong bdeal of a soft neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup over a neutrosophc b-la_semgroup s trvally a soft neutosophc strong sub b-la-semgroup but the converse true n general. Proposton 0. If F, A and G, B are soft neutrosophc strong bdeals of soft neutrosophc b-lasemgroups A and GB, over neutrosophc b- LA-semgroups F ', A ' G ', B ' NS and N T respectvely. Then s a soft neutrosophc strong bdeal of soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup A G, B over N S N T. Theorem 7. Let, LA-semgroup over ( ) F A be a soft neutrosophc strong b- BN S and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc strong bdeals of A. Then s a soft neutrosophc strong b. H Bj jj

9 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, deal of A.. H Bj s a soft neutrosophc strong j J bdeal of A. s a soft neutrosophc strong 3. H Bj jj bdeal of A. 4. H Bj s a soft neutrosophc strong j J bdeal of A. 5 Soft Neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup Defnton 6. Let { SN ( ),,,..., N} be a neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup and ( FA, ) be a soft set over Then ( FA, ) s called soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup f and only f Fa ( ) s a neutrosophc sub N-LA- semgroup of SN ( ) for all a A. xample 8. Let S(N) {S SS 3,,, 3} be a neutrosophc 3-LA-semgroup where S,,3,4, I, I,3 I,4I s a neutrosophc LA- semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 4 I I 3I 4I 4 3 I 4I I 3I 3 4 3I I 4I I I I 3I I I 3I I 4I I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I S,,3, I, I,3I be another neutrosophc b-la- semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 I I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I And S I I I 3,,3,,,3 s another neutrosophc LA- semgroup wth the followng table.. 3 I I 3I 3 3 3I 3I I I I I 3 I I I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I I I I I I I I 3I I I I I I I A { a, a, a } be a set of parameters. Then clearly Let 3 ( FA, ) s a soft neutrosophc 3-LA-semgroup over SN ( ), where F( a ) {, I} {,3,3 I} {,I}, F( a ) {, I} {,3, I,3 I} {,3,I,3I}, F( a ) {4,4 I} { I,3 I} {I,3I}. 3 K be two soft neu- SN. Then Proposton. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) trosophc N-LA-semgroups over ( )

10 54 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04. Ther extended ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup over. Ther restrcted ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup over 3. Ther AND operaton ( A) ( K,D) neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup over K be two soft neutro- SN. Then emark 3. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) sophc N-LA-semgroups over ( ) s soft. Ther extended unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup over. Ther restrcted unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup over 3. Ther O operaton ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup over One can easly proved (),(), and (3) by the help of examples. Defnton 7. Let ( FA, ) and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroups over Then (K,D) s called soft neutrosophc sub N-LA-semgroup of ( FA, ), f. D A.. K( a ) s a neutrosophc sub N-LA-semgroup of Fa ( ) for all a A. Theorem 8. Let A be a soft neutrosophc N-LAsemgroup over ( ) SN and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc sub N-LAsemgroups of A. Then s a soft neutrosophc sub N-. H Bj jj LA-semgroup of A. s a soft neutrosophc sub N-. H Bj jj LA-semgroup of A. s a soft neutrosophc sub N- 3. H Bj jj LA-semgroup of A f j k all k J. B B for FA be a soft set over a neutrosoph- FA s called soft Fa s Defnton 8. Let (, ) c N-LA-semgroup Then (, ) neutrosophc N-deal over SN ( ) f and only f ( ) a neutrosophc N-deal of SN ( ) for all a A. xample 9. Consder xample (***).Let A { a, a} be a set of parameters. Then ( FA, ) s a soft neutrosophc 3- deal over SN ( ), where F( a ) {, I} {3,3 I} {, I}, F( a ) {, I} { I,3 I} {,3,3I}. Proposton. very soft neutrosophc N-deal over a neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup s trvally a soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup but the converse true n general. One can easly see the converse by the help of example. Proposton 3. Let A and KD, be two soft neutrosophc N-deals over Then. Ther restrcted unon F A, ( K, D) a soft neutrosophc N-deal over. Ther restrcted ntersecton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc N-deal over 3. Ther extended unon A K, D a soft neutrosophc N-deal over

11 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, Ther extended ntersecton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc N-deal over Proposton 5. Let A and ( KD, ) be two soft neutrosophc N-deals over Then. Ther O operaton A K, D s a not soft neutrosophc N-deal over. Ther AND operaton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc N-deal over Defnton 9. Let A and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc N- LA-semgroups over Then ( KD, ) s called soft neutrosophc N-deal of A, f. B A, and. Ka ( ) s a neutrosophc N-deal of ( ) a A. Fa for all Theorem 8. A soft neutrosophc N-deal of a soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup over a neutrosophc N-LAsemgroup s trvally a soft neutosophc sub N-LAsemgroup but the converse true n general. Proposton 6. If F, A and G, B are soft neutrosophc N-deals of soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroups A and GB, over neutrosophc N-LAsemgroups F ', A ' G ', B ' NS and N T respectvely. Then s a soft neutrosophc N-deal of soft neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup A G, B N S N T. over Theorem 9. Let A be a soft neutrosophc N-LAsemgroup over ( ) SN and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc N-deals of A. Then s a soft neutrosophc N-deal. H Bj jj of A.. H Bj s a soft neutrosophc N-deal of j J A. 3. H Bj jj s a soft neutrosophc N-deal of A. 4. H Bj s a soft neutrosophc N-deal of j J A. 6 Soft Neutrosophc Strong N-LA-semgroup Defnton 30. Let { SN ( ),,,..., N} be a neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup and ( FA, ) be a soft set over SN ( ). Then ( FA, ) s called soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup f and only f Fa ( ) s a neutrosophc strong sub N-LA-semgroup of SN ( ) for all a A. xample 0. Let S(N) {S SS 3,,, 3} be a neutrosophc 3-LA-semgroup n xample 8. Let A { a, a, a } be a set of parameters. Then clearly 3 ( FA, ) s a soft neutrosophc strong 3-LA-semgroup over SN ( ), where F( a ) { I} { I,3 I} {I}, F( a ) { I} { I,3 I} {I,3I}, SN s a neutrosophc strong N-LA- FA s also a soft neutrosophc strong Theorem 0. If ( ) semgroup, then (, ) N-LA-semgroup over K be two soft neu- SN. Then Proposton 7. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) trosophc strong N-LA-semgroups over ( ). Ther extended ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over

12 56 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04. Ther restrcted ntersecton ( A) ( K,D) s soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over 3. Ther AND operaton ( A) ( K,D) neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over K be two soft neutro- SN. Then emark 4. Let ( FA, ) and (, D) sophc strong N-LA-semgroups over ( ) s soft. Ther extended unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over. Ther restrcted unon ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over 3. Ther O operaton ( A) ( K,D) soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over One can easly proved (),(), and (3) by the help of examples. Defnton 3. Let ( FA, ) and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroups over Then (K,D) s called soft neutrosophc strong sub N-LAsemgroup of ( FA, ), f 3. D A. 4. K( a ) s a neutrosophc strong sub N-LAsemgroup of Fa ( ) for all a A. Theorem. Let A be a soft neutrosophc strong N- LA-semgroup over ( ) SN and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc strong sub N-LAsemgroups of A. Then s a soft neutrosophc strong. H Bj jj sub N-LA-semgroup of A. s a soft neutrosophc strong sub. H Bj jj N-LA-semgroup of A. s a soft neutrosophc strong sub 3. H Bj jj N-LA-semgroup of A f j k for all k J. B B FA be a soft set over a neutrosoph- FA s called soft SN f and only f SN for all Defnton 3. Let (, ) c N-LA-semgroup Then (, ) neutrosophc strong N-deal over ( ) Fa ( ) s a neutrosophc strong N-deal of ( ) a A. Proposton 8. very soft neutrosophc strong N-deal over a neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup s trvally a soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup but the converse s not true n general. One can easly see the converse by the help of example. Proposton 9. Let A and KD, be two soft neutrosophc strong N-deals over Then. Ther restrcted unon F A, ( K, D) a soft neutrosophc strong N-deal over. Ther restrcted ntersecton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc N-deal over 3. Ther extended unon A K, D s also a not soft neutrosophc strong N-deal over 4. Ther extended ntersecton A K, D s a soft neutrosophc strong N-deal over 5. Ther O operaton A K, D s a not soft neutrosophc strong N-deal over 6. Ther AND operaton A K, D s a

13 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, soft neutrosophc strong N-deal over Defnton 33. Let A and (K,D) be two soft neutrosophc strong N- LA-semgroups over Then ( KD, ) s called soft neutrosophc strong N-deal of A, f. B A, and. Ka ( ) s a neutrosophc strong N-deal of Fa ( ) for all a A. Theorem. A soft neutrosophc strong N-deal of a soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over a neutrosophc N-LA_semgroup s trvally a soft neutosophc strong sub N-LA-semgroup but the converse true n general. Theorem 3. A soft neutrosophc strong N-deal of a soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over a neutrosophc N-LA_semgroup s trvally a soft neutosophc strong N- deal but the converse true n general. Proposton 0. If F, A and G, B are soft neutrosophc strong N-deals of soft neutrosophc strong N- LA-semgroups A and GB, over neutrosophc N-LA-semgroups F ', A ' G ', B ' NS and N T respectvely. Then s a soft neutrosophc strong N-deal of soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup A G, B N S N T. over Theorem 4. Let A be a soft neutrosophc strong N-LA-semgroup over ( ) SN and j j H, B : j J be a non-empty famly of soft neutrosophc strong N-deals of A. Then s a soft neutrosophc strong N-. H Bj jj deal of A.. H Bj s a soft neutrosophc strong N- j J deal of A. s a soft neutrosophc strong N- 3. H Bj jj deal of A. 4. H Bj Concluson s a soft neutrosophc strong N- j J deal of A. Ths paper we extend soft neutrosophc bsemgroup, soft neutrosophc N -semgroup to soft neutrosophc b-la-semgroup, and soft neutrosophc N -LAsemgroup. Ther related propertes and results are explaned wth many llustratve examples. The notons related wth strong part of neutrosophy also establshed. eferences ) H. Aktas, N. Cagman, Soft sets and soft groups, Inf. Sc. 77 (007) ) K. Atanassov, Intutonstc fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets Syst. 64()(986) ) M. Shabr, M. Al, M. Naz, F. Smarandache, Soft neutrosophc group, Neutrosophc Sets and Systems. (03) 5-. 4) M. Al, F. Smarandache,M. Shabr, M. Naz, Soft neutrosophc Bgroup, and Soft Neutrosophc N-group, Neutrosophc Sets and Systems. (04) ) M. I. Al, F. Feng, X. Lu, W. K. Mn, M. Shabr, On some new operatonsn soft set theory. Comp. Math. Appl., 57(009), ) S. Broum, F. Smarandache, Intutonstc Neutrosophc Soft Set, J. Inf. & Comput. Sc. 8(03) ) D. Chen,.C.C. Tsang, D.S. Yeung, X. Wang, The parameterzaton reducton of soft sets and ts applcatons,comput. Math. Appl. 49(005) ) F. Feng, M. I. Al, M. Shabr, Soft relatons appled to semgroups, Flomat 7(7)(03) ) M.B. Gorzalzany, A method of nference n approxmate reasonng based on nterval-valued fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets Syst. (987) -7.

14 58 Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04 0) W. B. V. Kandasamy, F. Smarandache, Basc Neutrosophc Algebrac Structures and ther Applcatons to Fuzzy and Neutrosophc Models, Hexs (004). ) W. B. V. Kandasamy, F. Smarandache, N-Algebrac Structures and S-N-Algebrac Structures, Hexs Phoenx (006). ) W. B. V. Kandasamy, F. Smarandache, Some Neutrosophc Algebrac Structures and Neutrosophc N- Algebrac Structures, Hexs (006). 3) P.K. Maj,. Bswas and A.. oy, Soft set theory, Comput. Math. Appl. 45(003) ) P. K. Maj, Neutrosophc Soft Sets, Ann. Fuzzy Math. Inf. 5()(03) ) D. Molodtsov, Soft set theory frst results, Comput. Math. Appl. 37(999) ) Z. Pawlak, ough sets, Int. J. Inf. Comp. Sc. (98) ) F. Smarandache, A Unfyng Feld n Logcs. Neutrosophy: Neutrosophc Probablty, Set and Logc. ehoboth: Amercan esearch Press (999). 8) F. Smarandache, M. Al, M. Shabr, Soft Neutrosophc Algebrac Structures and Ther Generalzaton. ducaton Publshng, Oho 43, USA (04). 9) L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Inf. Cont. 8(965) eceved: July 5, 04. Accepted: August 0, 04.

Neutrosophic Bi-LA-Semigroup and Neutrosophic N-LA- Semigroup

Neutrosophic Bi-LA-Semigroup and Neutrosophic N-LA- Semigroup Neutrosophc Sets Systems, Vol. 4, 04 9 Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA- Semgroup Mumtaz Al *, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr 3 Munazza Naz 4,3 Department of Mathematcs, Quad--Azam Unversty,

More information

Smooth Neutrosophic Topological Spaces

Smooth Neutrosophic Topological Spaces 65 Unversty of New Mexco Smooth Neutrosophc opologcal Spaces M. K. EL Gayyar Physcs and Mathematcal Engneerng Dept., aculty of Engneerng, Port-Sad Unversty, Egypt.- mohamedelgayyar@hotmal.com Abstract.

More information

A New Approach to Multi-spaces Through the Application

A New Approach to Multi-spaces Through the Application Neutrosophc Sets ad Systems Vol 7 015 34 A New Approach to Mult-spaces Through the Applcato Mumtaz Al 1 Floret Smaradache Sad Broum 3 ad Muhammad Shabr 4 14 Departmet of Mathematcs Quad--Azam Uversty Islamabad

More information

Subset Topological Spaces and Kakutani s Theorem

Subset Topological Spaces and Kakutani s Theorem MOD Natural Neutrosophc Subset Topologcal Spaces and Kakutan s Theorem W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy lanthenral K Florentn Smarandache 1 Copyrght 1 by EuropaNova ASBL and the Authors Ths book can be ordered

More information

On Similarity Measures of Fuzzy Soft Sets

On Similarity Measures of Fuzzy Soft Sets Int J Advance Soft Comput Appl, Vol 3, No, July ISSN 74-853; Copyrght ICSRS Publcaton, www-csrsorg On Smlarty Measures of uzzy Soft Sets PINAKI MAJUMDAR* and SKSAMANTA Department of Mathematcs MUC Women

More information

On Soft Mixed Neutrosophic N-Algebraic Structures

On Soft Mixed Neutrosophic N-Algebraic Structures International J.Math. Combin. Vol.4(2014), 127-138 On Soft Mixed Neutrosophic N-Algebraic Structures F.Smarandache (University of New Mexico, 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, New Mexico 87301, USA) M.Ali (Department

More information

Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup

Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup 18 Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup Mumtaz Ali 1*, Muhammad Shabir 2, Munazza Naz 3 and Florentin Smarandache 4 1,2 Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000,Pakistan. E-mail:

More information

Interval Valued Neutrosophic Soft Topological Spaces

Interval Valued Neutrosophic Soft Topological Spaces 8 Interval Valued Neutrosoph Soft Topologal njan Mukherjee Mthun Datta Florentn Smarandah Department of Mathemats Trpura Unversty Suryamannagar gartala-7990 Trpura Indamal: anjan00_m@yahooon Department

More information

THE RING AND ALGEBRA OF INTUITIONISTIC SETS

THE RING AND ALGEBRA OF INTUITIONISTIC SETS Hacettepe Journal of Mathematcs and Statstcs Volume 401 2011, 21 26 THE RING AND ALGEBRA OF INTUITIONISTIC SETS Alattn Ural Receved 01:08 :2009 : Accepted 19 :03 :2010 Abstract The am of ths study s to

More information

Some Concepts on Constant Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs

Some Concepts on Constant Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs IOS Journal of Mathematcs (IOS-JM) e-issn: 78-578, p-issn: 39-765X. Volume, Issue 6 Ver. IV (Nov. - Dec. 05), PP 03-07 www.osrournals.org Some Concepts on Constant Interval Valued Intutonstc Fuzzy Graphs

More information

Smarandache-Zero Divisors in Group Rings

Smarandache-Zero Divisors in Group Rings Smarandache-Zero Dvsors n Group Rngs W.B. Vasantha and Moon K. Chetry Department of Mathematcs I.I.T Madras, Chenna The study of zero-dvsors n group rngs had become nterestng problem snce 1940 wth the

More information

Binomial transforms of the modified k-fibonacci-like sequence

Binomial transforms of the modified k-fibonacci-like sequence Internatonal Journal of Mathematcs and Computer Scence, 14(2019, no. 1, 47 59 M CS Bnomal transforms of the modfed k-fbonacc-lke sequence Youngwoo Kwon Department of mathematcs Korea Unversty Seoul, Republc

More information

SUPER PRINCIPAL FIBER BUNDLE WITH SUPER ACTION

SUPER PRINCIPAL FIBER BUNDLE WITH SUPER ACTION talan journal of pure appled mathematcs n. 33 2014 (63 70) 63 SUPER PRINCIPAL FIBER BUNDLE WITH SUPER ACTION M.R. Farhangdoost Department of Mathematcs College of Scences Shraz Unversty Shraz, 71457-44776

More information

20. Mon, Oct. 13 What we have done so far corresponds roughly to Chapters 2 & 3 of Lee. Now we turn to Chapter 4. The first idea is connectedness.

20. Mon, Oct. 13 What we have done so far corresponds roughly to Chapters 2 & 3 of Lee. Now we turn to Chapter 4. The first idea is connectedness. 20. Mon, Oct. 13 What we have done so far corresponds roughly to Chapters 2 & 3 of Lee. Now we turn to Chapter 4. The frst dea s connectedness. Essentally, we want to say that a space cannot be decomposed

More information

Neutrosophic Ideals of Γ-Semirings

Neutrosophic Ideals of Γ-Semirings ISSN: 1304-7981 Number: 6, Year: 014, Pages: 51-61 http://jnrs.gop.edu.tr Receved: 09.06.014 Accepted: 01.07.014 Edtors-n-Chef : Nam Çağman Area Edtor: Oktay Muhtaroglu Neutrosophc Ideals of Γ-Semrngs

More information

INTERVAL SEMIGROUPS. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Florentin Smarandache

INTERVAL SEMIGROUPS. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Florentin Smarandache Interval Semgroups - Cover.pdf:Layout 1 1/20/2011 10:04 AM Page 1 INTERVAL SEMIGROUPS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Florentn Smarandache KAPPA & OMEGA Glendale 2011 Ths book can be ordered n a paper bound reprnt

More information

The binomial transforms of the generalized (s, t )-Jacobsthal matrix sequence

The binomial transforms of the generalized (s, t )-Jacobsthal matrix sequence Int. J. Adv. Appl. Math. and Mech. 6(3 (2019 14 20 (ISSN: 2347-2529 Journal homepage: www.jaamm.com IJAAMM Internatonal Journal of Advances n Appled Mathematcs and Mechancs The bnomal transforms of the

More information

Fuzzy Boundaries of Sample Selection Model

Fuzzy Boundaries of Sample Selection Model Proceedngs of the 9th WSES Internatonal Conference on ppled Mathematcs, Istanbul, Turkey, May 7-9, 006 (pp309-34) Fuzzy Boundares of Sample Selecton Model L. MUHMD SFIIH, NTON BDULBSH KMIL, M. T. BU OSMN

More information

Matrix-Norm Aggregation Operators

Matrix-Norm Aggregation Operators IOSR Journal of Mathematcs (IOSR-JM) e-issn: 78-578, p-issn: 39-765X. PP 8-34 www.osrournals.org Matrx-Norm Aggregaton Operators Shna Vad, Sunl Jacob John Department of Mathematcs, Natonal Insttute of

More information

A CLASS OF RECURSIVE SETS. Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico 200 College Road Gallup, NM 87301, USA

A CLASS OF RECURSIVE SETS. Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico 200 College Road Gallup, NM 87301, USA A CLASS OF RECURSIVE SETS Florentn Smarandache Unversty of New Mexco 200 College Road Gallup, NM 87301, USA E-mal: smarand@unmedu In ths artcle one bulds a class of recursve sets, one establshes propertes

More information

On the smoothness and the totally strong properties for nearness frames

On the smoothness and the totally strong properties for nearness frames Int. Sc. Technol. J. Namba Vol 1, Issue 1, 2013 On the smoothness and the totally strong propertes for nearness frames Martn. M. Mugoch Department of Mathematcs, Unversty of Namba 340 Mandume Ndemufayo

More information

LEVEL SET OF INTUITIONTISTIC FUZZY SUBHEMIRINGS OF A HEMIRING

LEVEL SET OF INTUITIONTISTIC FUZZY SUBHEMIRINGS OF A HEMIRING LEVEL SET OF INTUITIONTISTIC FUZZY SUBHEMIRINGS OF HEMIRING N. NITH ssstant Proessor n Mathematcs, Peryar Unversty PG Extn Centre, Dharmapur 636705. Emal : anthaarenu@gmal.com BSTRCT: In ths paper, we

More information

CHAPTER 4 MAX-MIN AVERAGE COMPOSITION METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING USING INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS

CHAPTER 4 MAX-MIN AVERAGE COMPOSITION METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING USING INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS 56 CHAPER 4 MAX-MIN AVERAGE COMPOSIION MEHOD FOR DECISION MAKING USING INUIIONISIC FUZZY SES 4.1 INRODUCION Intutonstc fuzz max-mn average composton method s proposed to construct the decson makng for

More information

Redesigning Decision Matrix Method with an indeterminacy-based inference process

Redesigning Decision Matrix Method with an indeterminacy-based inference process Redesgnng Decson Matrx Method wth an ndetermnacy-based nference process Jose L. Salmeron a* and Florentn Smarandache b a Pablo de Olavde Unversty at Sevlle (Span) b Unversty of New Mexco, Gallup (USA)

More information

FACTORIZATION IN KRULL MONOIDS WITH INFINITE CLASS GROUP

FACTORIZATION IN KRULL MONOIDS WITH INFINITE CLASS GROUP C O L L O Q U I U M M A T H E M A T I C U M VOL. 80 1999 NO. 1 FACTORIZATION IN KRULL MONOIDS WITH INFINITE CLASS GROUP BY FLORIAN K A I N R A T H (GRAZ) Abstract. Let H be a Krull monod wth nfnte class

More information

Comparative Studies of Law of Conservation of Energy. and Law Clusters of Conservation of Generalized Energy

Comparative Studies of Law of Conservation of Energy. and Law Clusters of Conservation of Generalized Energy Comparatve Studes of Law of Conservaton of Energy and Law Clusters of Conservaton of Generalzed Energy No.3 of Comparatve Physcs Seres Papers Fu Yuhua (CNOOC Research Insttute, E-mal:fuyh1945@sna.com)

More information

A CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVE DERIVATIONS ON VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS

A CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVE DERIVATIONS ON VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS Journal of Mathematcal Scences: Advances and Applcatons Volume 25, 2014, Pages 1-12 A CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVE DERIVATIONS ON VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS JIA JI, WEN ZHANG and XIAOFEI QI Department of Mathematcs

More information

Complement of Type-2 Fuzzy Shortest Path Using Possibility Measure

Complement of Type-2 Fuzzy Shortest Path Using Possibility Measure Intern. J. Fuzzy Mathematcal rchve Vol. 5, No., 04, 9-7 ISSN: 30 34 (P, 30 350 (onlne Publshed on 5 November 04 www.researchmathsc.org Internatonal Journal of Complement of Type- Fuzzy Shortest Path Usng

More information

SMARANDACHE-GALOIS FIELDS

SMARANDACHE-GALOIS FIELDS SMARANDACHE-GALOIS FIELDS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Deartment of Mathematcs Indan Insttute of Technology, Madras Chenna - 600 036, Inda. E-mal: vasantak@md3.vsnl.net.n Abstract: In ths aer we study the

More information

Perron Vectors of an Irreducible Nonnegative Interval Matrix

Perron Vectors of an Irreducible Nonnegative Interval Matrix Perron Vectors of an Irreducble Nonnegatve Interval Matrx Jr Rohn August 4 2005 Abstract As s well known an rreducble nonnegatve matrx possesses a unquely determned Perron vector. As the man result of

More information

Errors in Nobel Prize for Physics (7) Improper Schrodinger Equation and Dirac Equation

Errors in Nobel Prize for Physics (7) Improper Schrodinger Equation and Dirac Equation Errors n Nobel Prze for Physcs (7) Improper Schrodnger Equaton and Drac Equaton u Yuhua (CNOOC Research Insttute, E-mal:fuyh945@sna.com) Abstract: One of the reasons for 933 Nobel Prze for physcs s for

More information

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-3(3), 2012, Page: Available online through ISSN

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-3(3), 2012, Page: Available online through   ISSN Internatonal Journal of Mathematcal Archve-3(3), 2012, Page: 1136-1140 Avalable onlne through www.ma.nfo ISSN 2229 5046 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS OF FOCAL ELEMENTS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING BASIC PROBABILITY

More information

Power law and dimension of the maximum value for belief distribution with the max Deng entropy

Power law and dimension of the maximum value for belief distribution with the max Deng entropy Power law and dmenson of the maxmum value for belef dstrbuton wth the max Deng entropy Bngy Kang a, a College of Informaton Engneerng, Northwest A&F Unversty, Yanglng, Shaanx, 712100, Chna. Abstract Deng

More information

Spectrum of (, q)-fuzzy Prime h-ideals of a Hemiring

Spectrum of (, q)-fuzzy Prime h-ideals of a Hemiring World Appled Scences Journal 17 (12): 1815-1820, 2012 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publcatons, 2012 Spectrum of (, q)-fuzzy Prme h-deals of a Hemrng 1 M. Shabr and 2 T. Mahmood 1 Department of Mathematcs, Quad--Azam

More information

More metrics on cartesian products

More metrics on cartesian products More metrcs on cartesan products If (X, d ) are metrc spaces for 1 n, then n Secton II4 of the lecture notes we defned three metrcs on X whose underlyng topologes are the product topology The purpose of

More information

COMPARISON OF SOME RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN REDUNDANT SYSTEMS REQUIRING SUPPORTING UNITS FOR THEIR OPERATIONS

COMPARISON OF SOME RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN REDUNDANT SYSTEMS REQUIRING SUPPORTING UNITS FOR THEIR OPERATIONS Avalable onlne at http://sck.org J. Math. Comput. Sc. 3 (3), No., 6-3 ISSN: 97-537 COMPARISON OF SOME RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN REDUNDANT SYSTEMS REQUIRING SUPPORTING UNITS FOR THEIR OPERATIONS

More information

Section 8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers

Section 8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers 80 Chapter 8 Secton 8 Polar Form of Complex Numbers From prevous classes, you may have encountered magnary numbers the square roots of negatve numbers and, more generally, complex numbers whch are the

More information

GRA Method of Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Single Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Set Information

GRA Method of Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Single Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Set Information New Trends n Neutrosophc Theory and Applcatons PRANAB BISWAS, SURAPATI PRAMANIK *, BIBHAS C. GIRI 3 Department of Mathematcs, Jadavpur Unversty, Kolkata, 70003, Inda. E-mal: paldam00@gmal.com * Department

More information

The Order Relation and Trace Inequalities for. Hermitian Operators

The Order Relation and Trace Inequalities for. Hermitian Operators Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol 3, 08, no, 507-57 HIKARI Ltd, wwwm-hkarcom https://doorg/0988/mf088055 The Order Relaton and Trace Inequaltes for Hermtan Operators Y Huang School of Informaton Scence

More information

Research Article Relative Smooth Topological Spaces

Research Article Relative Smooth Topological Spaces Advances n Fuzzy Systems Volume 2009, Artcle ID 172917, 5 pages do:10.1155/2009/172917 Research Artcle Relatve Smooth Topologcal Spaces B. Ghazanfar Department of Mathematcs, Faculty of Scence, Lorestan

More information

Fuzzy Rings and Anti Fuzzy Rings With Operators

Fuzzy Rings and Anti Fuzzy Rings With Operators OSR Journal of Mathemats (OSR-JM) e-ssn: 2278-5728, p-ssn: 2319-765X. Volume 11, ssue 4 Ver. V (Jul - ug. 2015), PP 48-54 www.osrjournals.org Fuzzy Rngs and nt Fuzzy Rngs Wth Operators M.Z.lam Department

More information

APPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra

APPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra APPENDIX A Some Lnear Algebra The collecton of m, n matrces A.1 Matrces a 1,1,..., a 1,n A = a m,1,..., a m,n wth real elements a,j s denoted by R m,n. If n = 1 then A s called a column vector. Smlarly,

More information

Convexity preserving interpolation by splines of arbitrary degree

Convexity preserving interpolation by splines of arbitrary degree Computer Scence Journal of Moldova, vol.18, no.1(52), 2010 Convexty preservng nterpolaton by splnes of arbtrary degree Igor Verlan Abstract In the present paper an algorthm of C 2 nterpolaton of dscrete

More information

n-strongly Ding Projective, Injective and Flat Modules

n-strongly Ding Projective, Injective and Flat Modules Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol. 7, 2012, no. 42, 2093-2098 n-strongly Dng Projectve, Injectve and Flat Modules Janmn Xng College o Mathematc and Physcs Qngdao Unversty o Scence and Technology Qngdao

More information

CHAPTER-5 INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRIX AND FUZZY BINARY RELATION

CHAPTER-5 INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRIX AND FUZZY BINARY RELATION CAPTER- INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRI AN FUZZY BINARY RELATION Introducton The basc concept of the fuzz matr theor s ver smple and can be appled to socal and natural stuatons A branch of fuzz matr

More information

Exercise Solutions to Real Analysis

Exercise Solutions to Real Analysis xercse Solutons to Real Analyss Note: References refer to H. L. Royden, Real Analyss xersze 1. Gven any set A any ɛ > 0, there s an open set O such that A O m O m A + ɛ. Soluton 1. If m A =, then there

More information

Double Layered Fuzzy Planar Graph

Double Layered Fuzzy Planar Graph Global Journal of Pure and Appled Mathematcs. ISSN 0973-768 Volume 3, Number 0 07), pp. 7365-7376 Research Inda Publcatons http://www.rpublcaton.com Double Layered Fuzzy Planar Graph J. Jon Arockaraj Assstant

More information

VARIATION OF CONSTANT SUM CONSTRAINT FOR INTEGER MODEL WITH NON UNIFORM VARIABLES

VARIATION OF CONSTANT SUM CONSTRAINT FOR INTEGER MODEL WITH NON UNIFORM VARIABLES VARIATION OF CONSTANT SUM CONSTRAINT FOR INTEGER MODEL WITH NON UNIFORM VARIABLES BÂRZĂ, Slvu Faculty of Mathematcs-Informatcs Spru Haret Unversty barza_slvu@yahoo.com Abstract Ths paper wants to contnue

More information

General viscosity iterative method for a sequence of quasi-nonexpansive mappings

General viscosity iterative method for a sequence of quasi-nonexpansive mappings Avalable onlne at www.tjnsa.com J. Nonlnear Sc. Appl. 9 (2016), 5672 5682 Research Artcle General vscosty teratve method for a sequence of quas-nonexpansve mappngs Cuje Zhang, Ynan Wang College of Scence,

More information

Module 3 LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur

Module 3 LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur Module 3 LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS Verson ECE IIT, Kharagpur Lesson 6 Theory of Quantzaton Verson ECE IIT, Kharagpur Instructonal Objectves At the end of ths lesson, the students should be able to:

More information

Semilattices of Rectangular Bands and Groups of Order Two.

Semilattices of Rectangular Bands and Groups of Order Two. 1 Semlattces of Rectangular Bs Groups of Order Two R A R Monzo Abstract We prove that a semgroup S s a semlattce of rectangular bs groups of order two f only f t satsfes the dentty y y, y y, y S 1 Introducton

More information

Module 2. Random Processes. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur

Module 2. Random Processes. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur Module Random Processes Lesson 6 Functons of Random Varables After readng ths lesson, ou wll learn about cdf of functon of a random varable. Formula for determnng the pdf of a random varable. Let, X be

More information

Linear, affine, and convex sets and hulls In the sequel, unless otherwise specified, X will denote a real vector space.

Linear, affine, and convex sets and hulls In the sequel, unless otherwise specified, X will denote a real vector space. Lnear, affne, and convex sets and hulls In the sequel, unless otherwse specfed, X wll denote a real vector space. Lnes and segments. Gven two ponts x, y X, we defne xy = {x + t(y x) : t R} = {(1 t)x +

More information

Lecture 7: Gluing prevarieties; products

Lecture 7: Gluing prevarieties; products Lecture 7: Glung prevaretes; products 1 The category of algebrac prevaretes Proposton 1. Let (f,ϕ) : (X,O X ) (Y,O Y ) be a morphsm of algebrac prevaretes. If U X and V Y are affne open subvaretes wth

More information

Affine transformations and convexity

Affine transformations and convexity Affne transformatons and convexty The purpose of ths document s to prove some basc propertes of affne transformatons nvolvng convex sets. Here are a few onlne references for background nformaton: http://math.ucr.edu/

More information

Edge Isoperimetric Inequalities

Edge Isoperimetric Inequalities November 7, 2005 Ross M. Rchardson Edge Isopermetrc Inequaltes 1 Four Questons Recall that n the last lecture we looked at the problem of sopermetrc nequaltes n the hypercube, Q n. Our noton of boundary

More information

NOTES FOR QUANTUM GROUPS, CRYSTAL BASES AND REALIZATION OF ŝl(n)-modules

NOTES FOR QUANTUM GROUPS, CRYSTAL BASES AND REALIZATION OF ŝl(n)-modules NOTES FOR QUANTUM GROUPS, CRYSTAL BASES AND REALIZATION OF ŝl(n)-modules EVAN WILSON Quantum groups Consder the Le algebra sl(n), whch s the Le algebra over C of n n trace matrces together wth the commutator

More information

Chapter 5. Solution of System of Linear Equations. Module No. 6. Solution of Inconsistent and Ill Conditioned Systems

Chapter 5. Solution of System of Linear Equations. Module No. 6. Solution of Inconsistent and Ill Conditioned Systems Numercal Analyss by Dr. Anta Pal Assstant Professor Department of Mathematcs Natonal Insttute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur-713209 emal: anta.bue@gmal.com 1 . Chapter 5 Soluton of System of Lnear Equatons

More information

The lower and upper bounds on Perron root of nonnegative irreducible matrices

The lower and upper bounds on Perron root of nonnegative irreducible matrices Journal of Computatonal Appled Mathematcs 217 (2008) 259 267 wwwelsevercom/locate/cam The lower upper bounds on Perron root of nonnegatve rreducble matrces Guang-Xn Huang a,, Feng Yn b,keguo a a College

More information

Taylor Series Approximation to Solve Neutrosophic Multi-objective Programming Problem

Taylor Series Approximation to Solve Neutrosophic Multi-objective Programming Problem Taylor Seres Appromaton to Solve Neutrosophc Mult-objectve Programmng Problem Ecerpt from NETROSOPHC OPERATONA RESEARCH, Volume. Edtors: Prof. Florentn Smarandache, Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Dr. Yongquan

More information

REAL ANALYSIS I HOMEWORK 1

REAL ANALYSIS I HOMEWORK 1 REAL ANALYSIS I HOMEWORK CİHAN BAHRAN The questons are from Tao s text. Exercse 0.0.. If (x α ) α A s a collecton of numbers x α [0, + ] such that x α

More information

The Pseudoblocks of Endomorphism Algebras

The Pseudoblocks of Endomorphism Algebras Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, 4, 009, no. 48, 363-368 The Pseudoblocks of Endomorphsm Algebras Ahmed A. Khammash Department of Mathematcal Scences, Umm Al-Qura Unversty P.O.Box 796, Makkah, Saud Araba

More information

Modulo Magic Labeling in Digraphs

Modulo Magic Labeling in Digraphs Gen. Math. Notes, Vol. 7, No., August, 03, pp. 5- ISSN 9-784; Copyrght ICSRS Publcaton, 03 www.-csrs.org Avalable free onlne at http://www.geman.n Modulo Magc Labelng n Dgraphs L. Shobana and J. Baskar

More information

Antipodal Interval-Valued Fuzzy Graphs

Antipodal Interval-Valued Fuzzy Graphs Internatonal Journal of pplcatons of uzzy ets and rtfcal Intellgence IN 4-40), Vol 3 03), 07-30 ntpodal Interval-Valued uzzy Graphs Hossen Rashmanlou and Madhumangal Pal Department of Mathematcs, Islamc

More information

INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY CLOSED IDEALS OF BG-ALGEBRA AND THEIR PRODUCTS

INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY CLOSED IDEALS OF BG-ALGEBRA AND THEIR PRODUCTS ITEVL-VLED ITITIOISTIC FZZY CLOSED IDELS OF G-LGE D THEI PODCTS Tapan Senapat #, onoranjan howmk *, adhumangal Pal #3 # Department of ppled athematcs wth Oceanology Computer Programmng, Vdyasagar nversty,

More information

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS INTRODUCTION We know that x 0 for all x R e the square of a real number (whether postve, negatve or ero) s non-negatve Hence the equatons x, x, x + 7 0 etc are not

More information

Genericity of Critical Types

Genericity of Critical Types Genercty of Crtcal Types Y-Chun Chen Alfredo D Tllo Eduardo Fangold Syang Xong September 2008 Abstract Ely and Pesk 2008 offers an nsghtful characterzaton of crtcal types: a type s crtcal f and only f

More information

A Hybrid Variational Iteration Method for Blasius Equation

A Hybrid Variational Iteration Method for Blasius Equation Avalable at http://pvamu.edu/aam Appl. Appl. Math. ISSN: 1932-9466 Vol. 10, Issue 1 (June 2015), pp. 223-229 Applcatons and Appled Mathematcs: An Internatonal Journal (AAM) A Hybrd Varatonal Iteraton Method

More information

arxiv: v1 [math.co] 12 Sep 2014

arxiv: v1 [math.co] 12 Sep 2014 arxv:1409.3707v1 [math.co] 12 Sep 2014 On the bnomal sums of Horadam sequence Nazmye Ylmaz and Necat Taskara Department of Mathematcs, Scence Faculty, Selcuk Unversty, 42075, Campus, Konya, Turkey March

More information

Randić Energy and Randić Estrada Index of a Graph

Randić Energy and Randić Estrada Index of a Graph EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS Vol. 5, No., 202, 88-96 ISSN 307-5543 www.ejpam.com SPECIAL ISSUE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ANALYSIS AND ALGEBRA 29 JUNE -02JULY 20, ISTANBUL

More information

On the set of natural numbers

On the set of natural numbers On the set of natural numbers by Jalton C. Ferrera Copyrght 2001 Jalton da Costa Ferrera Introducton The natural numbers have been understood as fnte numbers, ths wor tres to show that the natural numbers

More information

Expected Value and Variance

Expected Value and Variance MATH 38 Expected Value and Varance Dr. Neal, WKU We now shall dscuss how to fnd the average and standard devaton of a random varable X. Expected Value Defnton. The expected value (or average value, or

More information

12 MATH 101A: ALGEBRA I, PART C: MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA. 4. Tensor product

12 MATH 101A: ALGEBRA I, PART C: MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA. 4. Tensor product 12 MATH 101A: ALGEBRA I, PART C: MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA Here s an outlne of what I dd: (1) categorcal defnton (2) constructon (3) lst of basc propertes (4) dstrbutve property (5) rght exactness (6) localzaton

More information

Appendix B. The Finite Difference Scheme

Appendix B. The Finite Difference Scheme 140 APPENDIXES Appendx B. The Fnte Dfference Scheme In ths appendx we present numercal technques whch are used to approxmate solutons of system 3.1 3.3. A comprehensve treatment of theoretcal and mplementaton

More information

2.3 Nilpotent endomorphisms

2.3 Nilpotent endomorphisms s a block dagonal matrx, wth A Mat dm U (C) In fact, we can assume that B = B 1 B k, wth B an ordered bass of U, and that A = [f U ] B, where f U : U U s the restrcton of f to U 40 23 Nlpotent endomorphsms

More information

DIFFERENTIAL SCHEMES

DIFFERENTIAL SCHEMES DIFFERENTIAL SCHEMES RAYMOND T. HOOBLER Dedcated to the memory o Jerry Kovacc 1. schemes All rngs contan Q and are commutatve. We x a d erental rng A throughout ths secton. 1.1. The topologcal space. Let

More information

DIFFERENTIAL FORMS BRIAN OSSERMAN

DIFFERENTIAL FORMS BRIAN OSSERMAN DIFFERENTIAL FORMS BRIAN OSSERMAN Dfferentals are an mportant topc n algebrac geometry, allowng the use of some classcal geometrc arguments n the context of varetes over any feld. We wll use them to defne

More information

Case Study of Markov Chains Ray-Knight Compactification

Case Study of Markov Chains Ray-Knight Compactification Internatonal Journal of Contemporary Mathematcal Scences Vol. 9, 24, no. 6, 753-76 HIKAI Ltd, www.m-har.com http://dx.do.org/.2988/cms.24.46 Case Study of Marov Chans ay-knght Compactfcaton HaXa Du and

More information

COEFFICIENT DIAGRAM: A NOVEL TOOL IN POLYNOMIAL CONTROLLER DESIGN

COEFFICIENT DIAGRAM: A NOVEL TOOL IN POLYNOMIAL CONTROLLER DESIGN Int. J. Chem. Sc.: (4), 04, 645654 ISSN 097768X www.sadgurupublcatons.com COEFFICIENT DIAGRAM: A NOVEL TOOL IN POLYNOMIAL CONTROLLER DESIGN R. GOVINDARASU a, R. PARTHIBAN a and P. K. BHABA b* a Department

More information

arxiv: v1 [math.co] 1 Mar 2014

arxiv: v1 [math.co] 1 Mar 2014 Unon-ntersectng set systems Gyula O.H. Katona and Dánel T. Nagy March 4, 014 arxv:1403.0088v1 [math.co] 1 Mar 014 Abstract Three ntersecton theorems are proved. Frst, we determne the sze of the largest

More information

On the correction of the h-index for career length

On the correction of the h-index for career length 1 On the correcton of the h-ndex for career length by L. Egghe Unverstet Hasselt (UHasselt), Campus Depenbeek, Agoralaan, B-3590 Depenbeek, Belgum 1 and Unverstet Antwerpen (UA), IBW, Stadscampus, Venusstraat

More information

On Tiling for Some Types of Manifolds. and their Folding

On Tiling for Some Types of Manifolds. and their Folding Appled Mathematcal Scences, Vol. 3, 009, no. 6, 75-84 On Tlng for Some Types of Manfolds and ther Foldng H. Rafat Mathematcs Department, Faculty of Scence Tanta Unversty, Tanta Egypt hshamrafat005@yahoo.com

More information

The Quadratic Trigonometric Bézier Curve with Single Shape Parameter

The Quadratic Trigonometric Bézier Curve with Single Shape Parameter J. Basc. Appl. Sc. Res., (3541-546, 01 01, TextRoad Publcaton ISSN 090-4304 Journal of Basc and Appled Scentfc Research www.textroad.com The Quadratc Trgonometrc Bézer Curve wth Sngle Shape Parameter Uzma

More information

EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS. by W. R. Utz

EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS. by W. R. Utz Volume 3, 978 Pages 6 http://topology.auburn.edu/tp/ EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS by W. R. Utz Topology Proceedngs Web: http://topology.auburn.edu/tp/ Mal: Topology Proceedngs Department of Mathematcs & Statstcs

More information

INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY GRAPH STRUCTURES

INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY GRAPH STRUCTURES Kragujevac Journal of Mathematcs Volume 41(2) (2017), Pages 219 237. INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY GRAPH STRUCTURES MUHAMMAD AKRAM 1 AND RABIA AKMAL 2 Abstract. In ths paper, we ntroduce the concept of an ntutonstc

More information

Volume 18 Figure 1. Notation 1. Notation 2. Observation 1. Remark 1. Remark 2. Remark 3. Remark 4. Remark 5. Remark 6. Theorem A [2]. Theorem B [2].

Volume 18 Figure 1. Notation 1. Notation 2. Observation 1. Remark 1. Remark 2. Remark 3. Remark 4. Remark 5. Remark 6. Theorem A [2]. Theorem B [2]. Bulletn of Mathematcal Scences and Applcatons Submtted: 016-04-07 ISSN: 78-9634, Vol. 18, pp 1-10 Revsed: 016-09-08 do:10.1805/www.scpress.com/bmsa.18.1 Accepted: 016-10-13 017 ScPress Ltd., Swtzerland

More information

Continuous Time Markov Chain

Continuous Time Markov Chain Contnuous Tme Markov Chan Hu Jn Department of Electroncs and Communcaton Engneerng Hanyang Unversty ERICA Campus Contents Contnuous tme Markov Chan (CTMC) Propertes of sojourn tme Relatons Transton probablty

More information

Counterexamples to the Connectivity Conjecture of the Mixed Cells

Counterexamples to the Connectivity Conjecture of the Mixed Cells Dscrete Comput Geom 2:55 52 998 Dscrete & Computatonal Geometry 998 Sprnger-Verlag New York Inc. Counterexamples to the Connectvty Conjecture of the Mxed Cells T. Y. L and X. Wang 2 Department of Mathematcs

More information

BOUNDEDNESS OF THE RIESZ TRANSFORM WITH MATRIX A 2 WEIGHTS

BOUNDEDNESS OF THE RIESZ TRANSFORM WITH MATRIX A 2 WEIGHTS BOUNDEDNESS OF THE IESZ TANSFOM WITH MATIX A WEIGHTS Introducton Let L = L ( n, be the functon space wth norm (ˆ f L = f(x C dx d < For a d d matrx valued functon W : wth W (x postve sem-defnte for all

More information

Yong Joon Ryang. 1. Introduction Consider the multicommodity transportation problem with convex quadratic cost function. 1 2 (x x0 ) T Q(x x 0 )

Yong Joon Ryang. 1. Introduction Consider the multicommodity transportation problem with convex quadratic cost function. 1 2 (x x0 ) T Q(x x 0 ) Kangweon-Kyungk Math. Jour. 4 1996), No. 1, pp. 7 16 AN ITERATIVE ROW-ACTION METHOD FOR MULTICOMMODITY TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS Yong Joon Ryang Abstract. The optmzaton problems wth quadratc constrants often

More information

ON SEPARATING SETS OF WORDS IV

ON SEPARATING SETS OF WORDS IV ON SEPARATING SETS OF WORDS IV V. FLAŠKA, T. KEPKA AND J. KORTELAINEN Abstract. Further propertes of transtve closures of specal replacement relatons n free monods are studed. 1. Introducton Ths artcle

More information

On wgrα-continuous Functions in Topological Spaces

On wgrα-continuous Functions in Topological Spaces Vol.3, Issue.2, March-Aprl. 2013 pp-857-863 ISSN: 2249-6645 On wgrα-contnuous Functons n Topologcal Spaces A.Jayalakshm, 1 C.Janak 2 1 Department of Mathematcs, Sree Narayana Guru College, Combatore, TN,

More information

Econ107 Applied Econometrics Topic 3: Classical Model (Studenmund, Chapter 4)

Econ107 Applied Econometrics Topic 3: Classical Model (Studenmund, Chapter 4) I. Classcal Assumptons Econ7 Appled Econometrcs Topc 3: Classcal Model (Studenmund, Chapter 4) We have defned OLS and studed some algebrac propertes of OLS. In ths topc we wll study statstcal propertes

More information

Discrete Mathematics. Laplacian spectral characterization of some graphs obtained by product operation

Discrete Mathematics. Laplacian spectral characterization of some graphs obtained by product operation Dscrete Mathematcs 31 (01) 1591 1595 Contents lsts avalable at ScVerse ScenceDrect Dscrete Mathematcs journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/dsc Laplacan spectral characterzaton of some graphs obtaned

More information

Week 2. This week, we covered operations on sets and cardinality.

Week 2. This week, we covered operations on sets and cardinality. Week 2 Ths week, we covered operatons on sets and cardnalty. Defnton 0.1 (Correspondence). A correspondence between two sets A and B s a set S contaned n A B = {(a, b) a A, b B}. A correspondence from

More information

The Parity of the Number of Irreducible Factors for Some Pentanomials

The Parity of the Number of Irreducible Factors for Some Pentanomials The Party of the Nuber of Irreducble Factors for Soe Pentanoals Wolfra Koepf 1, Ryul K 1 Departent of Matheatcs Unversty of Kassel, Kassel, F. R. Gerany Faculty of Matheatcs and Mechancs K Il Sung Unversty,

More information

Foundations of Arithmetic

Foundations of Arithmetic Foundatons of Arthmetc Notaton We shall denote the sum and product of numbers n the usual notaton as a 2 + a 2 + a 3 + + a = a, a 1 a 2 a 3 a = a The notaton a b means a dvdes b,.e. ac = b where c s an

More information

DISCRIMINANTS AND RAMIFIED PRIMES. 1. Introduction A prime number p is said to be ramified in a number field K if the prime ideal factorization

DISCRIMINANTS AND RAMIFIED PRIMES. 1. Introduction A prime number p is said to be ramified in a number field K if the prime ideal factorization DISCRIMINANTS AND RAMIFIED PRIMES KEITH CONRAD 1. Introducton A prme number p s sad to be ramfed n a number feld K f the prme deal factorzaton (1.1) (p) = po K = p e 1 1 peg g has some e greater than 1.

More information

The Second Anti-Mathima on Game Theory

The Second Anti-Mathima on Game Theory The Second Ant-Mathma on Game Theory Ath. Kehagas December 1 2006 1 Introducton In ths note we wll examne the noton of game equlbrum for three types of games 1. 2-player 2-acton zero-sum games 2. 2-player

More information