Angle measured in degrees. There are 360 in a complete turn, and 90 in a right-angle. i.

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1 Angle measured in degrees. There are 360 in a complete turn, and 90 in a right-angle. i. ii. iii. The three angles in any triangle add up to Complementary/Supplementary Vertically opposite angles. Alternate angles (Z-Angles) Corresponding angles (F-Angles) 1

2 Area A measure of the size of a surface. Also called surface area. See units for area. Calculate To work something out. Similar words: Find, Compute, Solve, evaluate Calculator Scientific Calculator Basic Calculator Compasses ( pair of compasses ) Coordinate The position of a point on a coordinate grid, given in terms of the x-coordinate and y-coordinates. - Points can be plotted on a coordinate grid, for example: - The horizontal axis is usually called the x-axis. The vertical axis is usually called the y-axis. - The origin is the point (0,0), where the x and y-axes cross (intersect). 2

3 Dimensions The sizes of a shape, e.g. Length, breadth and height. Equality and Inequality Equation A mathematical statement that says two expressions are equal. e.g. Equivalent The same value. E.g. and are equivalent fractions as they have the same value. Estimate A good guess at something. It is sensible to have an idea of what the answer should be when doing a calculation by making an estimate. Related terms: guess how many, nearly, roughly, just over, just under, close to. Factor A number is a factor if it divides exactly into a number. e.g. Factors of 12 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. Factorise To express as a product of factors. i. Prime factorisation e.g. 20 = 2 x 2 x 5. ii. Algebraic Factorisation E.g. 12 x + 3 = 3(4x + 1) 3

4 Formula A mathematical rule. E.g. Area of a rectangle formula: Area of a triangle formula: Area of a circle: Circumference of a circle: Fraction - Part of a whole. i. e.g. One half written as a fraction is ii. An improper fraction is top heavy, e.g.. This can also be written as a mixed number,. iii. A decimal fraction e.g is a decimal fraction. Length Distance Length, width, height, depth Long, short, tall High, low Wide, narrow See also units for length. Deep, shallow Thick, thickness, thin Longer, shorter, taller, higher, etc. Longest, shortest, tallest, highest, etc. Far, near, close Measure (Measuring/Measurement) Finding the size of something, using the appropriate tool or instrument. i. Tools/instrument for measuring length/distance Metre Stick Ruler Trundle Wheel Tape Measure Milometer/odometer 4

5 ii. A thermometer is used to measure temperature. iii. A protractor is used to measure angles. iv. Scales are used to measure weight (mass). Money Related terms: currency, rate of exchange, cash, coins, notes, penny, pence, pound, euro, cent, dollar, price, cost, buy, sell, spend/spent, pay, change, dear/expensive, total cost, selling price, hire purchase, bank account, savings account, interest, overdraft, overdrawn, wage, salary, tax. Multiple i. Multiples of 3 are: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,... Multiples of 5 are: 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40,... ii. LCM (lowest common multiple) E.g. The LCM of 3 and 5 is 15. 5

6 Numbers i. Numbers written in words and digits. 1 One 11 Eleven 21 Twenty-one 100 One Hundred 2 Two 12 Twelve 22 Twenty-two 200 Two Hundred 3 Three 13 Thirteen 23 Twenty-three 300 Three Hundred 4 Four 14 Fourteen 30 Thirty One Thousand 5 Five 15 Fifteen 40 Forty Two thousand 6 Six 16 Sixteen 50 Fifty Ten thousand 7 Seven 17 Seventeen 60 Sixty One hundred thousand 8 Eight 18 Eighteen 70 Seventy One million 9 Nine 19 Nineteen 80 Eighty One billion 10 Ten 20 Twenty 90 Ninety ii. 0 = zero. Sometimes called nil, nothing, nought. iii. Positive and Negative numbers Negative numbers Positive numbers iv. -4 is pronounced negative 4 or sometimes minus 4. A prime number is divisible by only itself and 1. A prime has exactly 2 factors. The first 10 primes: 2,3,5,7,11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29. v. The set of Natural Numbers are the counting numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...} vi. The set of Whole Numbers are {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,...} vii. Integers are positive and negative whole numbers: {..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,...} viii. Consecutive numbers are next to one another. E.g. 5 and 6 are consecutive numbers. ix. A dozen is 12. 6

7 Operations Adding, subtracting, dividing and multiplying. i. Add (addition +). 2 add 3 = = 5. Related terms: the sum of, plus, find the total, ii. Subtract (subtraction -)E.g. 10 subtract 2 = 10 2 = 8. Related terms: take (away), minus, one less, two less, fewer, difference between iii. Multiply (Multiplication x) 2 multiplied by 3 = 2 x 3 = 6. Related terms: the product of, 4 times 6 = 4 x 6 iv. Divide (Division ) 8 4 = 2. Can also be written as. Related terms: share. v. Inverse The opposite. For example, the inverse of multiplying is dividing. Similarly, adding and subtracting are inverse operations. Parallel If two or more lines are parallel, then they are always exactly the same distance apart. For example, railway tracks are parallel. Perimeter The distance round the outside of a shape. The perimeter of a circle is called the circumference. Perpendicular Two lines are perpendicular if they are at 90 to each other. 7

8 Place Value Probability The chance, or likelihood, of something happening. Proportion Related quantities. i). Direct proportion e.g. Increase distance travelled by a car, increase amount of fuel used. ii) Inverse proportion e.g. Increase number of workers, decrease time to do a job. Pythagoras theorem: For any right-angled triangle hypotenuse. where c is the 8

9 Rounding - Creates a less exact but more convenient number. i. Decimal places. a = 4.4 (to 1 dp) b = (to 2 dp). ii. iii. Significant Figures a = 1.2 (2 SF). b = (2 SF) There are various other ways to round numbers. a = 4526 (to the nearest whole number). b. 452 = 450 (to nearest 10) c = (to nearest 100). d = (to nearest 1000) Sequence A sequence is a set of numbers written in order according to some mathematical rule. i. Ascending order increases in value. Descending order decreases in value. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,... 60, 45, 30, 15, 0, -15, -30,... ii. A term of a sequence is one of the numbers in the sequence. The terms of a sequence are usually separated with a comma and a space. iii. Even numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,... iv. Odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17,... v. The Fibonacci Sequence is an important sequence in which each term is made from adding the previous two terms. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55,... 9

10 Shape (2D) Quadrilaterals (4-sided shapes) Square Rectangle Parallelogram Trapezium Rhombus Kite Other Shapes Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon Octagon 5 sides 6 sides 7 sides 8 sides Regular shape - all sides and angles equal. Irregular shape sides and angles different. The Circle 10

11 Triangles Equilateral triangle Isosceles triangle Scalene Triangle Right-angled triangle All three sides equal Two sides equal, two All sides and angles (one 90 o angle). The in length, all angles equal angles different. hypotenuse is the longest side 60 o of a right angled triangle, and is opposite the right angle. Shape (3D) Cube Cuboid Cylinder Sphere Cone Pyramid Triangular Prism 11

12 Square i. A shape with all angles 90 o and all sides the same length. ii. If two sides of something are said to be square then they are at 90 o to each other. iii. The square of 8 is 64, because 8 x 8 = 64 [8 squared equals 64]. iv. First 15 square numbers are: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225. v. The square root of 64 is 8. i.e. Statistics An area of maths that deals with collecting, displaying and using statistical information/data. i. Data - Facts and numbers collected about something, to be used later in some way. ii. Average The typical value for a data set. Mean, Median, Mode. iii. Spread How consistent or inconsistent a data set is. Range, Inter-quartile range, standard deviation. iv. Sample, sample size, key, graph title. v. Misleading statistics dodgy graphs or information which represents the data in a biased way. 12

13 vi. Graphs and Charts Bar Chart Line Graph Stem and Leaf diagram Box plot Dot Plot Pie Chart Scatter Graph (including line of best fit ) Correlation Substitute (substitution). Replacing letters with other values. Example: Substitute x = 3 and y = 2 into the expression x + y 2. x + y 2 = = = 7. 13

14 Symmetry i. Line symmetry ii. Rotational symmetry. Time Watch Digital clock Analogue Related words/terms: clock Stop watch Sand timer/egg timer Days of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday. Seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter. Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Hours, minutes, seconds. Year, decade, century, millennium. Anniversary golden, diamond, silver, ruby, etc. Birthday, holiday, weekend, long-weekend. Minute hand, hour hand (of a clock). How long will it take to...? How long will it be to...? How long ago? How often? [Caution! how long could also refer to length/distance] Midday, noon, midnight. Today, tomorrow, yesterday. 14

15 Units The way something is measured. For example length can be measured in metres, kilometres, miles etc. These are units for length. Some other units below: Units for Length/Distance Units for Area Units for Volume/Capacity Metric Other Units Metric Other Units Metric Other Units Metre (m) Yard Square metres (m 2 ) Square feet Cubic metres (m 3 ) Pint Millimetre (mm) Mile Square mm (mm 2 ) Square yards Cubic mm (mm 3 ) Gallon Centimetre (cm) Inch Square cm (cm 2 ) Cubic cm (cm 3 ) Kilometre (km) Hectare Acre Litre Millilitre 1 cm = 10 mm 1m = 100 cm 1 foot = 12 inches 1 yard = 3 feet. 1 cm 3 = 1ml. 1 hectare = m 2 1 litre = 1000 ml. 1 gallon = 8 pints. 1km = 1000 m 1 mile = yards. Units for Mass * More units Metric milligram (mg) gram (g) kilogram (kg) tonne 1 g = 1000 mg 1 kg = 1000 g 1 tonne = 1000 kg Other Units Ounce (oz) Pounds (lbs) Stone 1 lb = 16 oz 1 stone = 14 lbs Time: Days, Hours, minutes, seconds. Speed: Miles Per Hour (mph), kilometres per hour (km/h), metres per second (m/s or ms -1 ). Angles: Degrees ( ) *Mass is very often referred to as weight in everyday life. Volume/Capacity The amount of space something takes up or can hold. Depending on the context, volume or capacity can be used. Related words: Full, half full, quarter full etc., empty, holds, container, liquid, solid. See also the units for volume. 15

16 Space for any other maths words you come across! Word or phrase Notes 16

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