: 2017,, : 2017, < Part I > Zero exergy line < Part II > : h-s
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1 : : 217,, : 217, < Part I > Zero exergy line < Part II > : h-s
2 : 217, 5, : 217, - 1 / 24 -
3 - 2 / 24 - : : 11-1 = 1 Q = m C ΔT 91-9 = 1
4 = + T P A = + = + Q rev = T ΔS δq ds T rev (= ) T A Q : Amount of change T : Change induction factor S : Entropy P B ΔS =Qrev / T Q T B ΔS ΔS Q S T : (Ex, ) P : (Ex, ) - 3 / 24 -
5 - 4 / 24 - : h > h h < h : : T T x = h - h T (s-s ) Exergy Energy Anergy Value Length Area A B < Maximization > Resource conservation Human development Environmental preservation Isentropic process h h Isothermal process T h 1 1 h w t P h P q w c Ideal Gas T (S-S ) s
6 h Air Exergy destruction Exergy exhaust 86% 72% 1 2 Energy Exergy 1% 3 x 2 h 1 1h 2h Anergy h - h = T (s-s ) + x s h Steam HP 5% IP 4% Energy Exergy 5% 3 2 x Zero exergy line 1 Anergy h Zero enthalpy line 1h 2h s - 5 / 24 -
7 - 6 / 24 - h [ Gibbs free energy : T ref ] h 5h 4h 3h e- a- 5 4x+e+ a- e- a- 3 x- T P x- a+ e- x- Most of systems 2 1 e+ a+ 2h 1h x 1 g = h - Ts Δg = Δh - TΔs Δh < & Δs > Δg Δh > & Δs < Δg Δh < & Δs < Δg? Δh > & Δs > Δg? x s
8 Zero exergy line [kj/kg] Ambient enthalpy [kj/kg] Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] / 24 - Temperature [ ]
9 - 8 / Environment Energy Engineering Economy 1) Environment 2) Energy 3) Engineering 1) Energy 2) Economy 3) Engineering 1) Environment 2) Economy 3) Energy
10 - 9 / 24 -
11 - 1 / 24 - : (?) : 1 : 1% : : Sama, Qian Gaggioli(1989) 13 < > , , 6.,., ( ) 9. T , , /
12 Specific Enthalpy [kj/kg] Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] - 11 / 24 - Exergy Ratio [%] Pressure [bar] Specific Enthalpy [kj/kg] Temperature [ ] Temperature [ ] Pressure [bar] Quality [MW] 1 11 Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] 12
13 Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] / Quality - 12 / 24 - Pressure [bar]
14 Temperature [ ] Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] - 13 / 24 - Pressure [bar] Specific Enthalpy [kj/kg] Quality
15 Temperature [ ] Specific Exergy [kj/kg] Exergy Ratio [%] Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] - 14 / 24 - Pressure [bar] Maximum Power Output Maximum Power Efficiency Saturated State Quality
16 Heat Balance Diagram for Plant Performance Design : 32 m [kg/s] P [bar] T [ ] h [kj/kg] Q, W [kj/s] η [%] HP Steam to Power Block Drain Aux. Condensate from Downstream at GSC Aux-Steam Heater Condansate to Power Block Patial Flow to Condenser Make-Up HP SH#3 RH#2 HP SH#2 RH#1 HP SH#1 HP Evap. HP Eco#3 IP SH HP Eco#2 IP Evap. IP Eco LP SH HP Eco#1 LP Evap. CPH To SSR Recirculation Pump CPH Spray MP Steam to Powerblock HP BFP HP BFW at BL MP BFW at BL IP BFP Water to LP Stean 1 & 2 at BL Attemporation FGH To LP Drum Condensate to Gasfication Combustor HP IP LP STG GSC Drain from Process HP Steam Trubine Comp. GTG Partial Make-up Flow Condensate from Anti-Icing Seal & Misc / 24 -
17 h [kj/kg] Q, W [kj/s] ] [bar] 7. HRSG Inlet 4. Combustor η [%] Pressure [ba r] T[ sur e P [bar] 71 HP SH#3 Pre s m [kg/s] 72. RH#2 73. HP SH#2 74. RH#1 6. HP TBN Inlet 75. HP SH#1 65. HRSG RH Outlet 7. IP TBN Inlet Specific Enthalpy [kj/kg] 41. TBN Outlet 7. HRSG Inlet 3. N2 Mixing Specific Enthalpy [kj/kg] 76. HP Drum 2. Compressure 77. HP Eco# RH#1 78. IP SH 1 8. IP Drum 82. LP SH 543. HP SH#1 83. HP Eco#1 85. HRSG Exhaust 84. LP Drum 61. HP TBN Outlet 63. RH#1 Inlet 54. HP Drum Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] Temperature [ ] 81. IP Eco 1. Fuel Inlet 2. N2 Inlet 544. HP SH#2 79. HP Eco#2 11. Fuel FGH 51. HP Eco#3 As a simulation sample at ambinet temperature is IP SH 54. HP Eco#2 43. IP Drum 41. IP Eco 71. IP TBN Outlet 72. LP TBN Inlet 21. HRSG LP Outlet 53. HP Eco# FGH Outlet 51. HP BFP 41. IP BFP 14 LP Drum Inlet 13 CPH Outlet 14 LP Drum Inlet 21. LP Drum 51. HP BFP 41. IP BFP 15 LP Drum 12. GSC Outlet 11. BOP Outlet Green lines are simulation values while the ambient temperature changes from -2 to LP TBN Exhaust 1. Condenser Outlet y alit Qu Specific Enthalpy [kj/kg] 13 CPH Outlet Qu ali ty Temperature [ ] 55. HRSG HP Outlet Specific Entropy [kj/kg ] - 16 / 24 -
18 - 17 / 24 - h Air P h Actual work input (A) Received exergy (D) Isentropic work (B) Loss (C) Exergy destruction (G) 1h 1 1e Recovered exergy (I) 1s T Δs (H) Received exergy (E) x Increased anergy = Exergy destruction (F) P ψ T s
19 h h Air 1 P 2h 2e 2s 2 ψ P T s - 18 / 24 - Loss (C) Actual work input (A) Given exergy (D) Isentropic work (B) 1 2 T Δs (H)
20 - 19 / 24 - h Steam 1 ψ 1 2h 2e 2s 2 2 h T Δs (H) s
21 h h 4 1 ψ s - 2 / 24 - Decreased anergy (C) Received exergy (F) 3x 3 2 3h 1x Given exergy (B) Air Received energy (E) 3 ṁ3 4 2 Given energy (A) 1h ṁ1 1 T Δs (H) T Δs (D)
22 - 21 / 24 - h Air Given energy (A) P 2h 2x Given exergy (B) 2 P 3 Received exergy (F) 1x 1 1h Received energy (E) 2 ψ 3 1 Increased anergy (G) h T Δs (H) T Δs (D) s
23 - 22 / 24 - h Air P P Given energy (A) Given exergy (B) 1 2 2e ψ 1 2 Increased anergy (C) h T Δs (D) s
24 h Steam h ψ s - 23 / 24 - Given exergy (B) Increased anergy (G) = Given energy (A) Decreased anergy (C) 1x T Δs (D)
25 - 24 / 24-6 P=P 1 N O Ar.93 CO2.3 1kg/s bar φ=7% 5 P=P+.1 P=P*1 ηs=88% 1 2 T=T4-2 P=.5% loss Heater 12 3 P=.3% loss 4 P=P+.2 ηs=87% Turbine Pressure [bar] 3 Temperature [ ] Exergy balance Air compressor Heat exchanger Combustion Gas turbine Exhaust gas Ė d = ṁ i ψ i - ṁ o ψ o +Ẇ u η II % % Fuel exergy must be analized % x 2x 4h 4e 4s 4 1h 1e 1s 1 1x 5 3o 4o Exergy zero line [kj/kg] Exergy Ratio [%] 5x 5o Ambient enthalpy [kj/kg] 1o 6 6o 2o Specific Entropy [kj/kg ]
Unit Workbook 2 - Level 5 ENG U64 Thermofluids 2018 UniCourse Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Sample
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