Density. Physical Properties of Materials. Which Ones? THEORETICAL DENSITY, ρ. What would make a material dense? Concept Question. Physical Properties
|
|
- Alvin Jennings
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physical Properties of Materials Let s get physical!! density Physical Properties electrical thermal expansion shock Density Which Ones? melting point What is density? = THEORETICAL DENSITY, ρ Concept Question As you heat a block of aluminum from 0 C to 100 C its density T = 0 C 1. Increases 2. Decreases CORRECT 3. Stays the same M, V 0 ρ 0 = M / V 0 T = 100 C What would make a material dense? +HEAT M, V 100 ρ 100 = M / V < ρ 0 1
2 Densities of Materials Classes Bond length Bond Strength vs density r 0 Data from Table B1, Callister 6e. Essentially a measure of bond strength E 0 16 Material property- charts: Stiffness - Density Structural Effects Electrical Conductivity STIFFNESS Composites Woods Foams Ceramics Polymers Elastomers Density Metals 100 Densities of common glass forming oxides are less than the corresponding crystalline forms Glasses have more open network structures. v-sio g/cm 3 α-quartz 2.65 g/cm 3 (Room T. form) Why do some materials conduct electricity and some don t? Materials that allow electron flow Conductors! Those that don t -!!! 2
3 Bohr s Atom Obstacles? nucleus electrons in orbits scattering events Nett electron motion Resistance is futile Temperature -Why??????? as T so do thermal vibrations resistivity at temp T initial resisitivity temp coefficient of resistivity temp Impurity atoms -Why??????? Disruption in lattice Dislocations -Why??????? Disruption in lattice Grain boundaries -Why?????? Disruptions again Thermal Conduction Free electrons The contribution from k e increase with increasing free electron concentrations Thus in metals k e >> k Phonons l Energy associated with Ceramics k l >>k e travelling lattice waves produced from vibrating k = k l + k e atoms Mechanism Not as effective heat transfer as k e, 3
4 Free and mobile electrons Space Shuttle During Re-entry Rigidized Silica Fibrous Insulation High electrical High thermal No band gap Metallic lustre The space shuttle Columbia, tore apart killing all seven of its crew Silica fibers magnified hundreds of times Electrical-thermal White hot at 1260 C, the glow from a cube of LI-900 held in bare hand provides the only light in this photo, taken 10 seconds after removal from the oven. Thermal Conduction Summary Conduction happens mainly in solids Free & mobile electrons Results in All atoms vibrate, but vibrate more when heated. Heat spreads by conduction when atoms increase their vibrations, and pass this energy on to those nearby. High electrical High thermal conducticvity In metals, free electrons carry the heat energy faster than the atomic vibrations......and transfer it by colliding with other electrons and atoms. Because of this, metals are the best conductors of heat energy. No band gap Metallic lustre due to Wiedemann -Franz Law Microstructure can effect this 4
5 Thermal Expansion Concorde most sources indicate that the airframe stretched by 12 to 30 centimetres at Mach 2 Thermal Expansion amount of expansion depends on change in temperature, T original length, L o coefficient of thermal expansion a L 0 + L = L 0 + α L 0 T L = α L 0 T (linear expansion) Temp: T Example: Short days in winter Long days in summer!! Temp: T+ T L 0 L The distance between Sydney and Melbourne is approximately 1000km. What would be the increase in length if the temperature went from 20 C to 40 C? The CTE for steel is 10.8 x 10-6 C -1 Explain why a brass lid on a glass jar will loosen when heated? CTE for brass is 20 x 10-6 C -1 and CTE for glass is 9 x 10-6 C -1. From an atomic point of view Thermal expansion is reflected by an increase in average distance between atoms Thermal expansion due to the asymmetric nature of curve c.f (a) & (b)} Vibrational amplitude Example Equilibrium spacing, bond length 5
6 CTE vs Bond Strength Effect of atomic bond strength CTE vs Material Type The > the atomic bonding The deeper & narrower the trough So r does not change as much CTE per C kj/mol kj/mol 7-30 kj/mol Ceramics Metals Polymers Composites Overview of Thermal Properties of Materials Caution!!! Complex systems with more than one material must have matched or compensated thermal expansions Thermal Expansion of Materials 6
7 Bi-metallic Switch Longer summer days? Thermal Expansion: Volume The increase in volume (a threedimensional measure of expansion) can be expressed in a similar fashion: Thermal Toughening --puts surface of glass part into compression --suppresses growth of cracks from surface scratches. --sequence: Tempered Glass The strength of glass can be enhanced by inducing compressive residual stresses at the surface. Small Scratches Coefficient of volume thermal expansion --Result: surface crack growth is suppressed. The surface stays in compression - closing small scratches and cracks. Volume expansion coefficient is 3 times larger than linear expansion 11 7
8 Thermal Shock thermal better = less chance of thermal shock coefficient of thermal expansion lower coefficient = less chance of thermal shock Material Thermal Conductivity CTE Aluminium Soda glass Pyrex most important properties that determine resistance to thermal shock Melting Point clip Macroscopic Properties Inferred from Bonding U F T m r 0 E 0 r Smaller T m Larger T m goes as E 0 increases in size Bond Energy and Melting Point Bond Type Material Bonding Energy, kj/mol T m, C Ionic NaCl MgO Covalent Si C (diamond) 713 >3550 Metallic Hg Al Fe W Van der Waals Ar Cl Hydrogen NH H 2 O What is relationship between Bonding Energy and T melt? 8
9 Bond strength Recapping.. Recapping.. determines Bond stretching Hooke s law Elastic modulus due to Is this correlation reasonable? due to Melting point Solid to liquid phase transformation from Greater interatomic spacing A number of physical and mechanical properties can be inferred from the atomic bond. Electrical Properties Conduction Thermal Properties: Melting point Conduction Expansion Density Ceramics Ionic and Covalent bonds Metals Metallic bonding Polymers Covalent and Secondary Large bond energies large T m, E Small α Varying bond energy intermediate T m, E, α secondary dominates outcome small T m, E large α Recapping These physical properties depend on the properties of the atoms: Bond strength Atomic weight Bond type 9
Chapter 2: INTERMOLECULAR BONDING (4rd session)
Chapter 2: INTERMOLECULAR BONDING (4rd session) ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Secondary bonding The structure of crystalline solids 1 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS SESSION Bonding forces & energies Interatomic vs. intermolecular
More informationThermal properties of Engineering Materials
Thermal properties of Engineering Materials Engineering materials are important in everyday life because of their versatile structural properties. Other than these properties, they do play an important
More informationChapter 2: Atomic Structure
Chapter 2: Atomic Structure Atom: Nucleus: protons and neutrons (neutral in charge) Electrons Electrons and protons are charged: e=1.6x10-19 Mass of protons and neutrons = 1.67x10-27 kg Mass of electron
More informationCHAPTER ELEVEN KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
CHAPTER ELEVEN AND LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Differences between condensed states and gases? KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Phase Homogeneous part
More informationStone Age (40,000 to 100,000 yrs ago): Stone tools, clay pots, skin
UTM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduce the field of Materials Science and Engineering 1. INTRODUCTION & ATOMIC STRUCTURE Provide introduction to the classification of materials
More informationSection 2.5 Atomic Bonding
Section 2.5 Atomic Bonding Metallic bond, Covalent bond, Ionic bond, van der Waals bond are the different types of bonds. Van der Waals interactions: London forces, Debye interaction, Keesom interaction
More informationChapter 10 Liquids and Solids. Problems: 14, 15, 18, 21-23, 29, 31-35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 46, 81-83, 87, 88, 90-93, 99, , 113
Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids Problems: 14, 15, 18, 21-23, 29, 31-35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 46, 81-83, 87, 88, 90-93, 99, 104-106, 113 Recall: Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular Forces Intramolecular: bonds between
More informationPhysics of Materials: Bonding and Material Properties On The basis of Geometry and Bonding (Intermolecular forces) Dr.
: Bonding and Material Properties On The basis of Geometry and Bonding (Intermolecular forces) Dr. Anurag Srivastava Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Manegement, Gwalior
More informationOutlines. Types of bonds: - Ionic - Covalent - Metallic - Secondary bonding. Examples: - relation between bond energy and properties.
Outlines Types of bonds: - Ionic - Covalent - Metallic - Secondary bonding Examples: - relation between bond energy and properties Summary IONIC BONDING Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged
More informationHow materials work. Compression Tension Bending Torsion
Materials How materials work Compression Tension Bending Torsion Elemental material atoms: A. Composition a) Nucleus: protons (+), neutrons (0) b) Electrons (-) B. Neutral charge, i.e., # electrons = #
More informationStructure-Property Correlation [2] Atomic bonding and material properties
MME 297: Lecture 05 Structure-Property Correlation [2] Atomic bonding and material properties Dr. A. K. M. Bazlur Rashid Professor, Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Topics to discuss today... Review of atomic
More informationChapter 2. Atomic Structure
Chapter 2 Atomic Structure 2 6 (a) Aluminum foil used for storing food weighs about 0. g per square cm. How many atoms of aluminum are contained in one 6.25 cm 2 size of foil? (b) Using the densities and
More informationENGINEERING MATERIALS SCIENCE (ME 370)
ENGINEERING MATERIALS SCIENCE (ME 370) Chapter 1 Why Materials? Well, everything that surrounds us is made of some type of materials. After all, we live in a Materialistic Society. This synonym with Capitalistic
More informationChapter 10: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes
Chapter 10: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes In-chapter exercises: 10.1 10.6, 10.11; End-of-chapter Problems: 10.26, 10.31, 10.32, 10.33, 10.34, 10.35, 10.36, 10.39, 10.40, 10.42, 10.44, 10.45, 10.66,
More informationMaterials and Devices in Electrical Engineering
Examination WS 02/03 Materials and Devices in Electrical Engineering Monday 17 th of March, 9:00 11:00, International Department, SR. 203 Notice 1. It is allowed to use any kind of aids (books, scripts,
More informationMATERIALS. Why do things break? Why are some materials stronger than others? Why is steel tough? Why is glass brittle?
MATERIALS Why do things break? Why are some materials stronger than others? Why is steel tough? Why is glass brittle? What is toughness? strength? brittleness? Elemental material atoms: A. Composition
More informationAtomic Bonding and Materials Properties
MME131: Lecture 5 Atomic Bonding and Materials Properties A. K. M. B. Rashid Professor, Department of MME BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics What promote bonding? Classification and characteristics of atomic bond
More informationJohns Hopkins University What is Engineering? M. Karweit MATERIALS
Why do things break? Why are some materials stronger than others? Why is steel tough? Why is glass brittle? What is toughness? strength? brittleness? Elemental material atoms: MATERIALS A. Composition
More informationCHAPTER 11: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS. Chemistry 1411 Joanna Sabey
CHAPTER 11: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Chemistry 1411 Joanna Sabey Forces Phase: homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the system but separated from them by a
More informationInteratomic bonding 1
Interatomic bonding 1 Bonding forces of atoms All forces playing role in bonding are electrostatic Coulomb forces. Nuclei attract electrons, but nuclei repulse each other as well as electrons do. So, bonding
More informationAtomic Bonding & Material Properties
Lecture 1 cont.. Atomic Bonding & Material Properties Bonding Forces and Energies Consider two isolated atoms separated by inter-atomic dist r r At large r, atoms do not interact. As r gets smaller, an
More informationThe Science and Engineering of Materials, 4 th ed Donald R. Askeland Pradeep P. Phulé. Chapter 2 Atomic Structure
The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4 th ed Donald R. Askeland Pradeep P. Phulé Chapter 2 Atomic Structure Objectives of Chapter 2 The goal of this chapter is to describe the underlying physical
More informationLondon Dispersion Forces (LDFs) Intermolecular Forces Attractions BETWEEN molecules. London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)
LIQUIDS / SOLIDS / IMFs Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) Attractions BETWEEN molecules NOT within molecules NOT true bonds weaker attractions Represented by dashed lines Physical properties (melting points,
More informationCHAPTER 2: BONDING AND PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 2: BONDING AND PROPERTIES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What promotes bonding? What types of bonds are there? What properties are inferred from bonding? Chapter 2 1 Fundamental concepts Proton and electron,
More informationChapter 2: Atomic Structure
Chapter 2: Atomic Structure 2-1 What is meant by the term composition of a material? The chemical make-up of the material. 2-2 What is meant by the term structure of a material? The spatial arrangement
More informationAtomic structure & interatomic bonding. Chapter two
Atomic structure & interatomic bonding Chapter two 1 Atomic Structure Mass Charge Proton 1.67 х 10-27 kg + 1.60 х 10-19 C Neutron 1.67 х 10-27 kg Neutral Electron 9.11 х 10-31 kg - 1.60 х 10-19 C Electron
More informationEverything starts with atomic structure and bonding
Everything starts with atomic structure and bonding not all energy values can be possessed by electrons; e- have discrete energy values we call energy levels or states. The energy values are quantized
More informationChapter Outline: Ceramics. Chapter 13: Structure and Properties of Ceramics
Chapter Outline: Ceramics Chapter 13: Structure and Properties of Ceramics Crystal Structures Silicate Ceramics Carbon Imperfections in Ceramics Optional reading: 13.6 13.10 University of Virginia, Dept.
More informationLiquids are collections of particles that are held together but they can flow (intermolecular forces)
HW R&MN 4.5 P 1-5,10 Q 1,4,7 Ch. 4.6 P 1,2,4,6,7 Q 3,9 Chapter 4.6: Solids Bonding and Properties A solid is a collection of molecules, ions or atoms that are unable to flow (move around). Due to electromagnetic
More informationSalt vs. Sugar. 1. Ionic Compounds. 2. Molecular Compounds (Cont.) 12/18/2014. What is this Compound You Speak Of? Sodium Chloride Dissolving in Water
Salt vs. Sugar Unit 7: Chemical Compounds & Formulas Lesson#7.1: Types of Compounds What is this Compound You Speak Of? Compound: Any substance that is formed by the chemical bonding of atoms. We classify
More informationCHEM Principles of Chemistry II Chapter 10 - Liquids and Solids
CHEM 1212 - Principles of Chemistry II Chapter 10 - Liquids and Solids 10.1 Intermolecular Forces recall intramolecular (within the molecule) bonding whereby atoms can form stable units called molecules
More informationJoy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe
January 16, 2017 Joy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe Key Words Universe, Energy, Quantum mechanics, Chemical reaction, Structure of matter Unless otherwise noted, all pictures
More informationChapter 10. Liquids and Solids
Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids Section 10.1 Intermolecular Forces Section 10.1 Intermolecular Forces Section 10.1 Intermolecular Forces Section 10.1 Intermolecular Forces Metallic bonds Covalent bonds Ionic
More informationCHAPTER 2: BONDING AND PROPERTIES
CHAPTER 2: BONDING AND PROPERTIES ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What promotes bonding? What types of bonds are there? What properties are inferred from bonding? Chapter 2-1 Atomic Structure (Freshman Chem.) atom
More informationMolecules and Condensed Matter
Chapter 42 Molecules and Condensed Matter PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson Goals for Chapter 42 To understand
More information1. A Covalent bonding B Polar covalent bonding C Metallic bonding D Hydrogen bonding E Ionic bonding F London dispersion forces
Higher (National 6) Unit 1: Chemical changes and structure 1c Bonding and structure Problem sheets 1. A Covalent bonding B Polar covalent bonding C Metallic bonding D Hydrogen bonding E Ionic bonding F
More informationChapter 10. Liquids and Solids
Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids Chapter 10 Table of Contents 10.1 Intermolecular Forces 10.2 The Liquid State 10.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids 10.4 Structure and Bonding in Metals 10.5
More informationChapter 11. Intermolecular Forces and Liquids & Solids
Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids & Solids The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids & Solids Gases vs. Liquids & Solids difference is distance between molecules Liquids Molecules close together;
More informationChap. 12 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Chap. 12 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Know how energy determines physical properties and how phase changes occur as a result of heat flow. Distinguish between bonding (intermolecular) and nonbonding (intermolecular)
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 23
Thermodynamics A practical science initially concerned with economics, industry, real life problems. DYNAMICS -- Concerned with the concepts of energy transfers between a system and its environment and
More information1. Demonstrate that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 8 is
1. Demonstrate that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 8 is 0.732. This problem asks us to show that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number
More informationSolid Type of solid Type of particle Al(s) aluminium MgCl2 Magnesium chloride S8(s) sulfur
QUESTION (2017:1) (iii) Sodium chloride, NaCl, is another compound that is excreted from the body in sweat. Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain the dissolving process of sodium chloride,
More informationIntermolecular forces (IMFs) CONDENSED STATES OF MATTER
Intermolecular forces (IMFs) CONDENSED STATES OF MATTER States of Matter: - composed of particles packed closely together with little space between them. Solids maintain a. - any substance that flows.
More informationIntroductory Nanotechnology ~ Basic Condensed Matter Physics ~
Introductory Nanotechnology ~ Basic Condensed Matter Physics ~ Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics Go into Nano-Scale Lateral Size [m] 10-3 10-6 Micron-scale Sub-Micron-scale Nano-scale Human hair
More informationName Date Class THE NATURE OF GASES
13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES Section Review Objectives Describe the assumptions of the kinetic theory as it applies to gases Interpret gas pressure in terms of kinetic theory Define the relationship between
More informationChap 10 Part 3a.notebook December 12, 2017
Metallic Bonding and Semiconductors Chapter 10 Sect 4 Metallic Bonding positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea of electrons" Bonding is strong and nondirectional Iron, Silver, alloys, Brass, Bronze Forces
More informationChapter 12. Solids and Modern Materials
Lecture Presentation Chapter 12 Solids and Modern Materials Graphene Thinnest, strongest known material; only one atom thick Conducts heat and electricity Transparent and completely impermeable to all
More informationChapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics
Chapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do the crystal structures of ceramic materials differ from those for metals? How do point defects in ceramics differ from those
More informationSOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester
SOLID STATE PHYSICS Second Edition J. R. Hook H. E. Hall Department of Physics, University of Manchester John Wiley & Sons CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE Contents Flow diagram Inside front
More informationChapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics
Chapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Structures of ceramic materials: How do they differ from those of metals? Point defects: How are they different from those in metals?
More informationCHAPTER 2 INTERATOMIC FORCES. atoms together in a solid?
CHAPTER 2 INTERATOMIC FORCES What kind of force holds the atoms together in a solid? Interatomic Binding All of the mechanisms which cause bonding between the atoms derive from electrostatic interaction
More informationChapter 2: Atomic structure and interatomic bonding. Chapter 2: Atomic structure and interatomic bonding
Chapter 2: Atomic structure and interatomic bonding Fundamental concepts Electrons in atoms Periodic table Bonding forces and energies Chapter 2: Atomic structure and interatomic bonding Fundamental concepts
More informationAtoms, electrons and Solids
Atoms, electrons and Solids Shell model of an atom negative electron orbiting a positive nucleus QM tells that to minimize total energy the electrons fill up shells. Each orbit in a shell has a specific
More informationStates of matter. Chapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and Solids. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Solids Intermolecular Forces
States of matter Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces Liquids and Solids By changing the T and P, any matter can exist as solid, liquid or gas. Forces of attraction determine physical state Phase homogeneous
More informationPROPERTIES OF SOLIDS SCH4U1
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS SCH4U1 Intra vs. Intermolecular Bonds The properties of a substance are influenced by the force of attraction within and between the molecules. Intra vs. Intermolecular Bonds Intramolecular
More informationCHAPTER 3. Crystallography
CHAPTER 3 Crystallography Atomic Structure Atoms are made of Protons: mass 1.00728 amu, +1 positive charge Neutrons: mass of 1.00867 amu, neutral Electrons: mass of 0.00055 amu, -1 negative charge (1 amu
More informationIntermolecular Forces, Liquids, & Solids
, Liquids, & Solids Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School AP Chemistry States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of Matter Because in
More informationChapter 4: Bonding in Solids and Electronic Properties. Free electron theory
Chapter 4: Bonding in Solids and Electronic Properties Free electron theory Consider free electrons in a metal an electron gas. regards a metal as a box in which electrons are free to move. assumes nuclei
More informationChapter 12. Insert picture from First page of chapter. Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids
Chapter 12 Insert picture from First page of chapter Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 12.1 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces
More informationChapter 10: Liquids and Solids
Chapter 10: Liquids and Solids Chapter 10: Liquids and Solids *Liquids and solids show many similarities and are strikingly different from their gaseous state. 10.1 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular
More informationMinerals. Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding. Definition of a Mineral 2-1
Minerals In order to define a what we mean by a mineral we must first make some definitions: 2-1 Most of the Earth s surface is composed of rocky material. An element is a substance which cannot be broken
More informationChapter 10: States of Matter. Concept Base: Chapter 1: Properties of Matter Chapter 2: Density Chapter 6: Covalent and Ionic Bonding
Chapter 10: States of Matter Concept Base: Chapter 1: Properties of Matter Chapter 2: Density Chapter 6: Covalent and Ionic Bonding Pressure standard pressure the pressure exerted at sea level in dry air
More informationChemical bonds. In some minerals, other (less important) bond types include:
Chemical bonds Chemical bond: force of attraction between two or more atoms/ions Types of bonds in crystals: Ionic bond: electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. This type of bond
More informationModule 3 - Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics. Measuring Temperatures. Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
Thermodynamics From the Greek thermos meaning heat and dynamis meaning power is a branch of physics that studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on physical systems at the macroscopic
More informationChemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids
Chemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids States of matter: the physical state of matter depends on a balance between the kinetic energy of particles, which tends to keep them apart, and the attractive
More informationChapter 3. Crystal Binding
Chapter 3. Crystal Binding Energy of a crystal and crystal binding Cohesive energy of Molecular crystals Ionic crystals Metallic crystals Elasticity What causes matter to exist in three different forms?
More information- intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules
Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids - intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids - gases - average kinetic energy of
More informationAtomic Structure. Atomic weight = m protons + m neutrons Atomic number (Z) = # of protons Isotope corresponds to # of neutrons
Atomic Structure Neutrons: neutral Protons: positive charge (1.6x10 19 C, 1.67x10 27 kg) Electrons: negative charge (1.6x10 19 C, 9.11x10 31 kg) Atomic weight = m protons + m neutrons Atomic number (Z)
More informationIntroduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 12: Structures and Properties of Ceramics. Dr. Coates
Introduction to Engineering Materials ENGR2000 Chapter 12: Structures and Properties of Ceramics Dr. Coates 12.1 Introduction Ceramics Compounds between metallic & non-metallic elements Predominantly ionic
More informationChapter 2: Atomic Structure. Atomic structure, short- and long-range atomic arrangements, nanostructure, microstructure, and macrostructure.
Science and Engineering of Materials 7th Edition Askeland SOLUTIONS MANUAL Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/science-engineering-materials-7thedition-askeland-solutions-manual/
More informationChapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics
Chapter 12: Structures & Properties of Ceramics ISSUES TO ADDRESS... Bonding and structure of ceramic materials as compared with metals Chapter 12-1 Atomic Bonding in Ceramics Bonding: -- Can be ionic
More informationStates of Matter. Solids Liquids Gases
States of Matter Solids Liquids Gases 1 Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas Depends on only two things: What? Attractions Kinetic between particles vs Energy of particles 2 Intermolecular Forces (Molecular Attractions)
More informationLiquids & Solids. Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry
Liquids & Solids Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry 1 Liquids 2 Properties of the States of Matter: Liquids High densities compared to gases. Fluid. The material exhibits
More informationBonding forces and energies Primary interatomic bonds Secondary bonding Molecules
Chapter 2. Atomic structure and interatomic bonding 2.1. Atomic structure 2.1.1.Fundamental concepts 2.1.2. Electrons in atoms 2.1.3. The periodic table 2.2. Atomic bonding in solids 2.2.1. Bonding forces
More informationIntermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids. Chapter 11. Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for 1 A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the
More informationLiquids, Solids and Phase Changes
Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes Chapter 10 1 KMT of Liquids and Solids Gas molecules have little or no interactions. Molecules in the Liquid or solid state have significant interactions. Liquids
More informationThe Liquid and Solid States
: The Liquid and Solid States 10-1 10.1 Changes of State How do solids, liquids and gases differ? Figure 10.4 10-2 1 10.1 Changes of State : transitions between physical states Vaporization/Condensation
More informationAtoms & Their Interactions
Lecture 2 Atoms & Their Interactions Si: the heart of electronic materials Intel, 300mm Si wafer, 200 μm thick and 48-core CPU ( cloud computing on a chip ) Twin Creeks Technologies, San Jose, Si wafer,
More informationCHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER
CHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 12.1 topics States of Matter: SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, PLASMA I. Kinetic Theory
More informationChapter 2 Atoms, chemical bonding, material structure, and physical properties Homework Solutions
Chapter 2 Atoms, chemical bonding, material structure, and physical properties Homework Solutions Concept questions 1. The Pauli exclusion principle says that no two electrons that occupy the same space
More informationUnit 3: Chemical Bonding. Section 1: Bond Types and Properties
Unit 3: Chemical Bonding Section 1: Bond Types and Properties Chemical Bonds Chemical Bond force that holds atoms or ions together to make a molecule or other chemical structure Molecule - two or more
More information***Occurs when atoms of elements combine together to form compounds.*****
CHEMICAL BONDING ***Occurs when atoms of elements combine together to form compounds.***** Formation of compounds Involves valence electrons. PE is lower in bonded atoms. Attractive force that develops
More information1. What is the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular bonds? Variations in the Boiling Point of Noble Gases
NAME: DATE: Chemical Bonding Forces Assignment 1. What is the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular bonds? 2. Use your data booklet to fill in the following chart Variations in the
More informationScale, structure and behaviour
Scale, structure and behaviour Lecture 2 MTX9100 Nanomaterjalid OUTLINE -How are crystals structured? -Why and how does nanoworld differ from the world we live in? -When does size matter? What is the smallest
More informationChapter 2: Atomic structure and interatomic bonding
Chapter 2: Atomic structure and interatomic bonding Fundamental concepts Electrons in atoms Periodic table Bonding forces and energies Chapter 2 - Chapter 2: Atomic structure and interatomic bonding Fundamental
More informationArchimedes Principle
Archimedes Principle applies in air the more air an object displaces, the greater the buoyant force on it if an object displaces its weight, it hovers at a constant altitude if an object displaces less
More informationSolids. properties & structure
Solids properties & structure Determining Crystal Structure crystalline solids have a very regular geometric arrangement of their particles the arrangement of the particles and distances between them is
More informationMetallic & Ionic Solids. Crystal Lattices. Properties of Solids. Network Solids. Types of Solids. Chapter 13 Solids. Chapter 13
1 Metallic & Ionic Solids Chapter 13 The Chemistry of Solids Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Crystal Lattices Properties of Solids Regular 3-D arrangements of equivalent LATTICE POINTS
More informationThey are similar to each other
They are similar to each other Different than gases. They are incompressible. Their density doesn t change much with temperature. These similarities are due to the molecules staying close together in solids
More informationก ก ก Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes
ก ก ก Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes ก ก ก ก Mc-Graw Hill 1 Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes 12.1 An Overview of Physical States and Phase Changes 12.2
More informationStates of Matter. Solids Liquids Gases
States of Matter Solids Liquids Gases 1 Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas Depends on only two things: What? Attractions Kinetic between particles vs Energy of particles 2 Intermolecular Forces (Molecular Attractions)
More informationCHAPTER 13. States of Matter. Kinetic = motion. Polar vs. Nonpolar. Gases. Hon Chem 13.notebook
CHAPTER 13 States of Matter States that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. Kinetic = motion A gas is composed of particles, usually molecules or atoms, with negligible volume
More informationChapter 2 Notes The Chemistry of Life
Name: Chapter 2 Notes The Chemistry of Life Section 2-1 The Nature of Matter Date: Atoms (p. 35) The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the. Comes from the Greek word atomos, meaning
More information* Defining Temperature * Temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. * Temperature * Internal energy
* Defining Temperature * We associate temperature with how hot or cold an object feels. * Our sense of touch serves as a qualitative indicator of temperature. * Energy must be either added or removed from
More information8th GRADE PHYSICAL SCIENCE: 2nd SEMESTER EXAM OUTLINE
1) Light is an wave. Electromagnetic LIGHT 2) Draw, label, and give an example of each section of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio - Radios Micro The appliance in your house Infra- Thermal Visible What
More informationMaterials and Devices in Electrical Engineering
Examination WS 01/02 Materials and Devices in Electrical Engineering Monday 11 th of March, 9:00 to 11:00, SR 203, International Department building It is allowed to use any kind of media (books, scripts,
More informationChemistry Unit: Chemical Bonding (chapter 7 and 8) Notes
Name: Period: Due Date: 1-18-2019 / 100 Formative pts. Chemistry Unit: Chemical Bonding (chapter 7 and 8) Notes Topic-1: Review: 1. Valence electrons: The electrons in the outermost of an atom Valence
More informationChapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Attractive Forces
Chapter 11 KMT for Solids and Liquids Intermolecular Forces Viscosity & Surface Tension Phase Changes Vapor Pressure Phase Diagrams Solid Structure Kinetic Molecular Theory Liquids and solids will experience
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHAPTER 4 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A substance is a brittle crystal that conducts electricity in molten liquid state
More informationIntroduction to Condensed Matter Physics
Introduction to Condensed Matter Physics Crystalline Solids - Introduction M.P. Vaughan Overview Overview of course Crystal solids Crystal structure Crystal symmetry The reciprocal lattice Band theory
More information