Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico Chemical Engineering Department
|
|
- Nigel Gray
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GASEOUS STATE Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico Chemical Engineering Department
2 TOPICS Objective Properties of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Gas Laws
3 OBJECTIVES Determine how volume, pressure and temperature are related to each other to determine the state gases Generalize the behavior of gases using different Gas Law Solve problems involving Gas Law Apply Gas Law
4 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF GASES Indefinite shape Indefinite volume Take the shape and volume of container Particles are far apart
5 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF GASES Solid Liquid Gas Particles move fast high Kinetic Energy - particles can separate and move throughout container
6 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES All gases are made up of very tiny particles called molecules which are widely separated from one another in an otherwise empty space. The gas molecules move at high speed travelling in straight line but in random direction.
7 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES The molecules collide with one another but the collisions are perfectly elastic. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules depends directly upon the absolute temperature of any given temperature.
8 Some Measurable Properties of Gases Volume - (also called capacity) is a quantification of how much space an object occupies Pressure - force exerted per unit area of surface by molecules in motion.
9 Some Measurable Properties of Gases Absolute Temperature - Temperature at which a thermodynamic system has the lowest energy.it corresponds to C on the Celsius temperature scale and to F on the Fahrenheit temperature scale K = o C R = o F (SI) (English)
10 GAS LAWS Boyle s Law Charles Law Gay-Lussac s Law Combined Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Dalton s Law Graham s Law
11 BOYLE S LAW
12 BOYLE S LAW If the temperature of a given quantity of gas is held constant, the volume of the gas varies inversely with the absolute pressure during the change of state.
13 BOYLE S LAW V p V C p or pv C p V p V Constant temperature Constant amount of gas
14 Sample Problem 00 ml of gas are enclosed in the cylinder under a pressure of 760 torr. What would be the volume be at a pressure of 50 torr?
15 Solution to Sample Problem Given: V = 00 ml P = 760 torr P = 50 torr Required: V Using Boyle s Law p V V V p V V p p 50 ml (00 ml)(760 torr) (50 torr)
16 Sample Problem A sample of chlorine gas occupies a volume of 946 ml at a pressure of 76 mmhg. What is the pressure of the gas (in mmhg) if the volume is reduced at constant temperature to 54 ml?
17 Solution to Sample Problem Given: V = 946 ml P = 76 mmhg V = 54 ml Required: P Using Boyle s Law P = P x V V 76 mmhg x 946 ml = 54 ml P = 4460 mmhg
18 Charles Law The Collapsing Can Activity
19 Charles Law
20 Charles Law Generalization: As the temperature of the gas increases the gas molecules will begin to move quickly. As the temperature of the gas decreases, the gas molecules will begin slow down. The molecules will hit the walls of the container with more or less force causing the volume to increase or decrease.
21 Charles Law The volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the absolute temperature. Jaques Alaxandre Cesar Charles (746-83)
22 Charles Law Mathematically, V T V T k
23 Charles Law Applying to State and State ). (, P const at T V T V Therefore k k k T V k T V Where: V, V = volume, L, ft 3 T, T = absolute temperature, K, R
24 Sample Problem A sample of methane gas that has a volume of 3.8 L at 5.0 o C is heated to 86.0 o C at constant pressure. Calculate its new volume.
25 Solution to Problem Given: V = 3.8 L T = = 78 K T = = 359 K Required: V Using Charles Law V T V V V V T TV T (359K)(3.8L) 78K 4.9L
26 Sample Problem A mass of neon occupies 50 cm 3 at 0 o C. If the volume of the gas increases to 00 cm 3 at constant pressure, what will be the new temperature in o C?
27 Solution to Problem Given: V = 50 cm 3 T = = 73 K V = 00 cm 3 Required: T in o C Using Charles Law V T T T T T V T VT V 3 (00cm )(73K) 3 50cm 364K o 9 C
28 Sample Exercise. A mass of gas has temperature of 50 o C and volume of 0. m 3. The temperature is changed to 50 o C but the pressure is unchanged. Determine the new volume.. A gas at constant pressure is kept at 00 0 C. On decreasing the temperature to 50 0 C, the gas occupies a volume of 800 ml. Find the initial volume of the gas.
29 Gay-Lussac s Law If the volume of a particular quantity of gas is held constant, then, with any change of state, the pressure will vary directly as the absolute temperature.
30 Gay-Lussac s Law P T p CT or P C T p p T T ( V and m are const.) Temperature must be in Kelvin
31 Sample Problem An aerosol can has a pressure of.4 atm at 5 o C. What pressure would it attain at 00 o C, assuming the volume remained constant.
32 Solution to Sample Problem Given: P =.4 atm T = 5 o C T = 00 o C Required: P Using Gay-Lussac s Law P P p T p T PT T 6.9 atm (.4 atm)( ) K (5 73.5) K
33 Sample Problem Sulfur dioxide at a temperature of 04 o C occupies a volume of 0.3 m 3. (a) If the volume increased to 0.90 m 3 while the pressure is maintained constant (ideal gas behavior), what is the final temperature in K? In o C? (b) If the initial volume is maintained constant and the pressure tripled, what is the final temperature in K? in o C?
34 Combined Gas Law The expression indicates that the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly and inversely with the pressure and temperature respectively.
35 Combined Gas Law p V pv ( const. for fixed mass of gas ) T T
36 Sample Problem A sample oxygen collected over water has a volume of 400 ml. at 7 o C and mm Hg pressure. What volume would this sample of oxygen occupy dry at STP?
37 Solution to Problem Given V P T T P V Applying Combined Gas Law pv T V 400ml mm Hg K 73.5K 760 mm Hg? pv T PV T P T mm Hg400.0ml73.5K 760 mm Hg300.5K 37.9ml
38 Sample Problem A sample of carbon dioxide occupies 4.5 L at 30 o C and 650 mm Hg. What would it occupy at 800 mm Hg and 00 o C?
39 Ideal Gas Law Ideal gas law describe the relationship among the four variable temperature, pressure, volume and mole or mass for gaseous substance.
40 Ideal Gas Law pv nrt Where: n = number of moles of gas V = volume in liter p = pressure in atmosphere T = absolute temperature, K R = molar gas constant = 0.08 liter-atm.k -.mole -
41 Sample Problem An experiment calls for 3.50 moles of chlorine, Cl. What volume would this be if the gas volume is measured at 34 o C and.45 atm.
42 Solution to Problem L atm K K mol L atm moles p nrt V nrt pv Law Gas Ideal Applying V K mol L atm R moles n K T atm p Given ) )( )(0.08 (3.5?
43 Sample Problem A 0.76 grams sample of sulfur dioxide (SO ) occupies a volume of 0.70 liters at 739 torr and 98 o C. Calculate the molecular weight of gaseous SO.
44 Sample Problem 3 Calculate the density of CO in g/l at. atm pressure and 35 o C.
45 Solution to Problem 3 Given : P. atm T R MW of Applying pv but n K 0.08L. atm. mol? nrt m MW CO. K 44 g / mol Ideal Gas Law,
46 Solution to Problem 3 L g K K mol L atm mol g atm RT pmw Then RT pmw Therefore V m where RT V m pmw arranging RT MW m pv so that /.04 ) ( ) / )(44 (.,,,, Re,
47 Dalton s Law of Partial Pressure Dalton's Law The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in a mixture P total = P A + P B + P C +..P i P A =X A P T Where, X A =(n A )/(n T )
48 Sample Problem Given a mixture of gases in the atmosphere at 760 torr, what is the partial pressure of N (x = ) at 5 o C
49 Solution to Sample Problem P N = X N P tot P N = (0.7808)(760 torr) P N = 593 torr
50 Sample Problem Suppose a 56 ml sample of H gas collected over water at 9 o C and 769 mm Hg. What is the mass of H collected? The vapor pressure of water at 9 o C is 6.5 mm Hg.
51 Solution to Sample Problem P total = P H + P HO P H = P total P HO P H = 769 mm Hg 6.5 mm Hg P H = 75 mm Hg P H = 75 mm Hg x atm = atm V = 56 ml = 0.56 L n =? 760 mm Hg
52 Continuation of Solution to Sample Problem Using Ideal Gas Law PV = nrt n = PV = ( atm ) ( 0.56 L ) RT (0.08 L-atm/mol.K)(9 K) n = mole H Next convert moles of H to grams mol H x.0 g H = g H mol H
53 Grahams Law: Diffusion and Effusion of Gases Diffusion the process whereby a gas spreads out through another gas to occupy the space with uniform partial pressure. Effusion the process in which a gas flows through a small hole in a container.
54 Grahams Law: Diffusion and Effusion of Gases Graham s law of Effusion the rate of effusion of gas molecules through a hole is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular mass of the gas at constant temperature and pressure. Rate k MW
55 Grahams Law: Diffusion and Effusion of Gases R A = M B = D B R B M A D A Where: R is the rate of diffusion or effusion M is the molecular weight of the gas D is the density of the gas
56 Sample Problem A gas diffuses.5 times faster than SO gas. Calculate the molecular weight of the gas AB.
57 Solution to Sample Problem mol g M R R R R M M M M R R AB SO SO AB SO SO AB AB SO SO AB / )() (.5 ) 64)( ( ) (
58 Sample Exercise. Determine the molecular mass of an unknown compound if it effused through a small orifice if it effused 3.55 times slower than CH 4.. A compound with a molecular mass of 3.0 g/mol effused through a small opening in 35 s; determine the effusion time for the same amount of a compound with a molecular mass of 6.0.
59 Thanks for Listening.
Chapter 13. Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos- Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
Chapter 3 Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos- Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Behavior of Gases Physical Properties of Gases Ideal Gas an imaginary
More informationGas Laws. Gas Properties. Gas Properties. Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws
Gas Laws Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws Gas Properties 1) Gases have mass - the density of the gas is very low in comparison to solids and liquids, which make it
More informationComparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
CHAPTER 8 GASES Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases The density of gases is much less than that of solids or liquids. Densities (g/ml) Solid Liquid Gas H O 0.97 0.998 0.000588 CCl 4.70.59 0.00503
More informationProperties of Gases. 5 important gas properties:
Gases Chapter 12 Properties of Gases 5 important gas properties: 1) Gases have an indefinite shape 2) Gases have low densities 3) Gases can compress 4) Gases can expand 5) Gases mix completely with other
More informationThis should serve a s a study guide as you go on to do the problems in Sapling and take the quizzes and exams.
CHM 111 Chapter 9 Worksheet and Study Guide Purpose: This is a guide for your as you work through the chapter. The major topics are provided so that you can write notes on each topic and work the corresponding
More informationAP Chemistry Ch 5 Gases
AP Chemistry Ch 5 Gases Barometer - invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643; uses the height of a column of mercury to measure gas pressure (especially atmospheric) Manometer- a device for measuring
More informationChapter Elements That Exist as Gases at 25 C, 1 atm. 5.2 Pressure basic physics. Gas Properties
5.1 Elements That Exist as Gases at 25 C, 1 atm Chapter 5 The Gaseous State YOU READ AND BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS SECTION! Gaseous compounds include CH 4, NO, NO 2, H 2 S, NH 3, HCl, etc. Gas Properties
More informationdensity (in g/l) = molar mass in grams / molar volume in liters (i.e., 22.4 L)
Unit 9: The Gas Laws 9.5 1. Write the formula for the density of any gas at STP. Name: KEY Text Questions from Corwin density (in g/l) = molar mass in grams / molar volume in liters (i.e., 22.4 L) Ch.
More informationChapter 10. Gases. The Gas Laws
Page 1 of 12 10.1 Characteristics of Gases. Chapter 10. Gases. All substances have three phases; solid, liquid and gas. Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions may also exist as
More informationWhy study gases? A Gas 10/17/2017. An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? n understanding of real world phenomena. n understanding of how science works. Gas Uniformly fills any container. Mixes completely
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gases Chapter 5 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Elements that exist as gases at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More informationUnit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws
Unit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws It may be helpful to view the animation showing heating curve and changes of state: http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/031_changesstate.mov
More informationGases. A gas. Difference between gas and vapor: Why Study Gases?
Gases Chapter 5 Gases A gas Uniformly fills any container. Is easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. Difference between gas and vapor: A gas is a substance
More informationCentimeters of mercury
CHAPTER 11 PROPERTIES OF GASES Gases have an indefinite shape: a gas takes the shape of its container and fills it uniformly. If the shape of the container changes, so does the shape of the gas. Gases
More informationChapter 10 Notes: Gases
Chapter 10 Notes: Gases Watch Bozeman Videos & other videos on my website for additional help: Big Idea 2: Gases 10.1 Characteristics of Gases Read p. 398-401. Answer the Study Guide questions 1. Earth
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 13: Gases
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Chapter 13: Gases CHAPTER 13 Table Of Contents Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3 The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry Click a hyperlink to view the corresponding
More informationGases: Their Properties & Behavior. Chapter 09 Slide 1
9 Gases: Their Properties & Behavior Chapter 09 Slide 1 Gas Pressure 01 Chapter 09 Slide 2 Gas Pressure 02 Units of pressure: atmosphere (atm) Pa (N/m 2, 101,325 Pa = 1 atm) Torr (760 Torr = 1 atm) bar
More informationChapter 11. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Pressure and Force Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Pressure and Force Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Section 1 Gases and Pressure Lesson Starter Make a list of gases you already know about. Separate your list into elements,
More informationA Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings.
Chapter 5 Gases Chapter 5 A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved
More informationHood River Valley High
Chemistry Hood River Valley High Name: Period: Unit 7 States of Matter and the Behavior of Gases Unit Goals- As you work through this unit, you should be able to: 1. Describe, at the molecular level, the
More informationGases. Measuring Temperature Fahrenheit ( o F): Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic (no energy lost) there are no intermolecular attractive forces Think of an ideal gas as a collection of perfectly
More informationImportance of Gases Airbags fill with N gas in an accident. Gas is generated by the decomposition of sodium azide, NaN.
Gas Laws Importance of Gases Airbags fill with N 2 gas in an accident. Gas is generated by the decomposition of sodium azide, NaN 3. 2 NaN 3 (s) 2 Na (s) + 3 N 2 (g) 2 Importance of Gases C 6 H 12 O 6
More information10/16/2018. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
10/16/018 Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. 1 10/16/018 A Gas Uniformly fills any container.
More informationUnit Outline. I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI.
Unit 10: Gases Unit Outline I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI. Real Gases I. Opening thoughts Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon?
More informationSection Using Gas Laws to Solve Problems
Gases and Gas Laws Section 13.2 Using Gas Laws to Solve Problems Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles of matter are ALWAYS in motion Volume of individual particles is zero. Consists of large number of particles
More informationvapors: gases of substances that are normally liquids or solids 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = kpa = bar
Gases A Chemistry Lecture Outline Name: Basics on Gases composition of the atmosphere: properties of gases: vapors: gases of substances that are normally liquids or solids Equation for pressure: 1 atm
More informationAP Chemistry Unit 5 - Gases
Common Gases at Room Temperature AP Chemistry Unit 5 - Gases Know these! HCN toxic slight odor of almonds HS toxic odor of rotten eggs CO toxic odorless CO odorless CH4 methane odorless, flammable CH4
More informationChapter 5. The Gas Laws
Chapter 5 The Gas Laws 1 Pressure Force per unit area. Gas molecules fill container. Molecules move around and hit sides. Collisions are the force. Container has the area. Measured with a barometer. 2
More informationChapter 5 The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 The Gaseous State Contents and Concepts Gas Laws We will investigate the quantitative relationships that describe the behavior of gases. 1. Gas Pressure and Its Measurement 2. Empirical Gas Laws
More informationThe Gas Laws. Learning about the special behavior of gases
The Gas Laws Learning about the special behavior of gases The States of Matter What are the 3 states of matter that chemists work with? Solids, liquids, and gases We will explain the behavior of gases
More informationGases CHAPTER. Section 10.1 Properties of Gases
CHAPTER Gases 10 Section 10.1 Properties of Gases 2. The following are observed properties of gases: (a) Gases have a variable volume. (b) Gases expand infinitely. (c) Gases compress uniformly. (d) Gases
More informationUnit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases. Chapter 13-14
Unit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 13-14 This tutorial is designed to help students understand scientific measurements. Objectives for this unit appear on the next slide. Each objective is linked to
More informationGases. Characteristics of Gases. Unlike liquids and solids, gases
Gases Characteristics of Gases Unlike liquids and solids, gases expand to fill their containers; are highly compressible; have extremely low densities. 1 Pressure Pressure is the amount of force applied
More informationChapter 5. The Properties of Gases. Gases and Their Properties. Why Study Gases? Gas Pressure. some very common elements exist in a gaseous state
Chapter 5 Gases and Their Properties Why Study Gases? some very common elements exist in a gaseous state our gaseous atmosphere provides one means of transferring energy and material throughout the globe
More informationGases, Liquids and Solids
Chapter 5 Gases, Liquids and Solids The States of Matter Gases Pressure Forces between one molecule and another are called intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces hold molecules together and kinetic
More informationChapter 5 Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory
Chapter 5 Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory Name (Formula) Methane (CH 4 ) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Chlorine (Cl 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) Origin and Use natural deposits; domestic fuel from N
More informationChapter 10 Gases Characteristics of Gases Elements that exist as gases: Noble gases, O 2, N 2,H 2, F 2 and Cl 2. (For compounds see table 10.
Chapter 10 Gases 10.1 Characteristics of Gases Elements that exist as gases: Noble gases, O 2, N 2,H 2, F 2 and Cl 2. (For compounds see table 10.1) Unlike liquids and solids, gases expand to fill their
More information10/15/2015. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
0/5/05 Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. 0/5/05 A Gas fills any container. completely
More informationChapter 10. Gases THREE STATES OF MATTER. Chapter 10 Problems 6/29/2012. Problems 16, 19, 26, 33, 39,49, 57, 61
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 John Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chapter 10 Problems Problems
More informationVideos 1. Crash course Partial pressures: YuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr 2. Crash couse Effusion/Diffusion:
Videos 1. Crash course Partial pressures: https://youtu.be/jbqtqcunyza?list=pl8dpuualjxtphzz YuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr 2. Crash couse Effusion/Diffusion: https://youtu.be/tlrzafu_9kg?list=pl8dpuualjxtph zzyuwy6fyeax9mqq8ogr
More informationChapter 11 Gases 1 Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009
Chapter 11 Gases Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 11.1 Properties of Gases The properties of a gas are almost independent of its identity. (Gas molecules behave as if no other molecules are present.) Compressible
More informationGASES (Chapter 5) Temperature and Pressure, that is, 273 K and 1.00 atm or 760 Torr ) will occupy
I. Ideal gases. A. Ideal gas law review. GASES (Chapter 5) 1. PV = nrt Ideal gases obey this equation under all conditions. It is a combination ofa. Boyle's Law: P 1/V at constant n and T b. Charles's
More informationChapter 5 The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 The Gaseous State Contents and Concepts Gas Laws We will investigate the quantitative relationships that describe the behavior of gases. 1. Gas Pressure and Its Measurement 2. Empirical Gas Laws
More informationChapter Ten- Gases. STUDY GUIDE AP Chemistry
STUDY GUIDE AP Chemistry Chapter Ten- Gases Lecture Notes 10.1 Characteristics of Gases All substances have three phases: solid, liquid and gas. Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions
More informationChapter 11. Molecular Composition of Gases
Chapter 11 Molecular Composition of Gases PART 1 Volume-Mass Relationships of Gases Avogadro s Law Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Recall
More informationGases and Kinetic Molecular Theory
1 Gases and Kinetic Molecular Theory 1 CHAPTER GOALS 1. Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Composition of the Atmosphere and Some Common Properties of Gases 3. Pressure 4. Boyle s Law: The Volume-Pressure
More informationGases! n Properties! n Kinetic Molecular Theory! n Variables! n The Atmosphere! n Gas Laws!
Gases n Properties n Kinetic Molecular Theory n Variables n The Atmosphere n Gas Laws Properties of a Gas n No definite shape or volume n Gases expand to fill any container n Thus they take the shape of
More informationPart One: The Gas Laws. gases (low density, easy to compress)
CHAPTER FIVE: THE GASEOUS STATE Part One: The Gas Laws A. Introduction. 1. Comparison of three states of matter: fluids (flow freely) solids condensed states liquids (high density, hard to compress) gases
More informationChemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten. Chapter 10. Gases.
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, they Expand to fill their containers.
More information4. 1 mole = 22.4 L at STP mole/volume interconversions at STP
Ch. 10 Gases and the Ideal Gas Law(s) Chem 210 Jasperse Ch. 10 Handouts 1 10.1 The Atmosphere 1. Earth surrounded by gas 2. Major components: Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Miscellaneous: All
More informationGases. Section 13.1 The Gas Laws Section 13.2 The Ideal Gas Law Section 13.3 Gas Stoichiometry
Gases Section 13.1 The Gas Laws Section 13.2 The Ideal Gas Law Section 13.3 Gas Stoichiometry Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit Section 13.1 The Gas Laws State the
More informationCh Kinetic Theory. 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles.
Ch. 15.1 Kinetic Theory 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. Kinetic Theory 2.These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the
More informationCHAPTER 14: The Behavior of Gases
Name: CHAPTER 14: The Behavior of Gases Period: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PRESSURE, VOLUME & TEMPERATURE OF A GAS Boyle s Law-Pressure and Volume Volume (ml) Pressure ( ) 60 50 40 30 20 10 Practice problem:
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gases Chapter 5 1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Elements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More informationThe Gaseous State. Definition
The Gaseous State Lecture Material Basic Chemistry 1 2013/2014 Inneke Hantoro Definition A gas is a substance that is normally in the gaseous state at ordinary temperatures and pressures. A vapor is the
More informationWarm-Up. 1)Convert the following pressures to pressures in standard atmospheres:
Warm-Up 1)Convert the following pressures to pressures in standard atmospheres: A. 151.98 kpa B. 456 torr Conversions 1 atm=101.3 kpa= 760 mm Hg= 760 torr Standard temp. & pressure = 1 atm & 0 C (STP)
More informationHOMEWORK 11-1 (pp )
CHAPTER 11 HOMEWORK 11-1 (pp. 333 335) VOCABULARY Define. 1. Gay-Lussac s law of combining volumes of gases 2. Avogadro s law Answer each question. 3. Write and explain the equation that expresses the
More informationwhere k is a constant for the gas in a closed system at a temperature in a closed system, as k would be the same.
Unit 3 The 3 rd planet in the solar system, Earth Ch. 10: Boyle s Law This law shows the relation between pressure and volume of a gas in a closed system at a constant temperature. Volume and pressure
More informationExample Problems: 1.) What is the partial pressure of: Total moles = 13.2 moles 5.0 mol A 7.0 mol B 1.2 mol C Total Pressure = 3.
5.6 Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Dalton s Law of Partial Pressure; The total pressure of a gas is the sum of all its parts. P total = P 1 + P + P 3 + P n Pressures are directly related to moles: n
More informationCh10.4 Attractive Forces
Ch10.4 Attractive Forces Intermolecular Forces are the forces holding molecules to each other. Solids have strong forces Gases (vapor) have weak forces Intermolecular forces determine the phase of matter.
More informationB 2, C 2, N 2. O 2, F 2, Ne 2. Energy order of the p 2p and s 2p orbitals changes across the period.
Chapter 11 Gases Energy order of the p p and s p orbitals changes across the period. Due to lower nuclear charge of B, C & N there is no s-p orbitals interaction Due to high nuclear charge of O, F& Ne
More informationCHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12. The Behavior of Gases
Goals : To gain an understanding of : 1. The kinetic theory of matter. 2. Avogadro's hypothesis. 3. The behavior of gases and the gas laws. NOTES: CHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12 The Behavior of Gases The kinetic
More informationGases. Chapter 11. Preview. 27-Nov-11
Chapter 11 Gases Dr. A. Al-Saadi 1 Preview Properties and measurements of gases. Effects of temperature, pressure and volume. Boyle s law. Charles s law, and Avogadro s law. The ideal gas equation. Gas
More informationGases Over View. Schweitzer
Gases Over View Schweitzer Collision theory Describing Ideal gases Particles are very far apart relative to their size. Particles are traveling very fast Particles are traveling in straight lines Collisions
More informationAlthough different gasses may differ widely in their chemical properties, they share many physical properties
IV. Gases (text Chapter 9) A. Overview of Chapter 9 B. Properties of gases 1. Ideal gas law 2. Dalton s law of partial pressures, etc. C. Kinetic Theory 1. Particulate model of gases. 2. Temperature and
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Elements that exist as gases at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere
Gases Chapter 5 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Elements that exist as gases at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 1 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More informationINTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Sixth Edition by Charles H. Corwin Chapter 11 The Gaseous State by Christopher Hamaker 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 1 Properties of Gases
More informationTest Bank for Chemistry 9th Edition by Zumdahl
Test Bank for Chemistry 9th Edition by Zumdahl 1. Gases generally have A) low density B) high density C) closely packed particles D) no increase in volume when temperature is increased E) no decrease in
More information5. What pressure (in atm) would be exerted by 76 g of fluorine gas in a 1.50 liter vessel at -37 o C? a) 26 atm b) 4.1 atm c) 19,600 atm d) 84 atm
Test bank chapter (5) Choose the most correct answer 1. A sample of oxygen occupies 47.2 liters under a pressure of 1240 torr at 25 o C. What volume would it occupy at 25 o C if the pressure were decreased
More informationUnit 3 - Part 2: Gas Laws. Objective - learn the main gas laws that all molecules follow.
Unit 3 - Part 2: Gas Laws Objective - learn the main gas laws that all molecules follow. Pressure - Pressure = Force / Area Created by collisions of the gas molecules with each other and with surfaces.
More informationApparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas
The Gas Laws Apparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas As P (h) increases V decreases Boyle s Law P x V = constant P 1 x V 1 = P 2 x V 2 Constant temperature Constant
More informationCh. 12 Notes - GASES NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Ch. 12 Notes - GASES NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: 1* atm 760* mm Hg 760* torr 101.3 kpa 14.7 psi * atm, mm Hg,
More informationChapter 8 Gases. 8.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases. 8.2 Barometer. Properties of Gases. 8.1 Gases and Kinetic Theory 8.2 Gas Pressure 8.
Chapter 8 Gases 8.1 Gases and Kinetic Theory 8.2 Gas Pressure 8.8 Ideal Gas Law * You do not need to know Boyle s (8.3), Charles (8.4), Gay-Lussac s (8.5), Avogadro s (8.7) or the Combined gas (8.6) laws.
More information2. If the volume of a container holding a gas is reduced, what will happen to the presure within the container?
1. Which gas law states that the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant? A. Boyle s law B. Charles law C. Dalton s law D. Gay-Lussac
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Characteristics of Physical properties of gases are all similar. Composed mainly of nonmetallic elements with simple formulas
More informationGases. Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area:
Gases Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area: Force is measure in Newtons Area is measured in m 2 and it refers to the Area the particle/object is touching (From the
More informationProperties of Gases. Occupy the entire volume of their container Compressible Flow readily and mix easily Have low densities, low molecular weight
Chapter 5 Gases Properties of Gases Occupy the entire volume of their container Compressible Flow readily and mix easily Have low densities, low molecular weight Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric pressure
More informationThe Gaseous State of Matter
The Gaseous State of Matter Chapter 12 Hein and Arena Version 1.1 Dr. Eugene Passer Chemistry Department Bronx Community 1 College John Wiley and Company The Kinetic- Molecular Theory 2 The Kinetic-Molecular
More informationIMPORTANT CONCEPTS. 5.1 Pressure Units for pressure STP. 5.6 Kinetic Molecular Theory. 5.3 Ideal Gas Law. 5.4 Gas Stoichiometry Gas density Molar mass
TOPICS 1. Intermolecular Forces 2. Properties of Gases 3. Pressure 4. Gas Laws Boyle, Charles, Lussac 5. Ideal Gas Law 6. Gas Stoichiometry 7. Partial Pressure 8. Kinetic Molecular Theory 9. Effusion &
More informationChapter 11. = 14.1 psi. = 28.7 in. Hg. 1 bar 1 atm 101, 325 Pascal 1000 mbar bar 1 atm 1 bar 1 atm 760 torr 1000 mbar 1.
ractice Exercises. psi = 70 mm Hg in. Hg = 70 mm Hg 4.7 psi 760 mm Hg 9.9 in. Hg 760 mm Hg = 4. psi = 8.7 in. Hg. ascals = 888 mbar torr = 888 mbar bar 0, 5 ascal 000 mbar.0 bar bar 000 mbar.0 bar = 666
More informationStates of Matter. The Solid State. Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion)
States of Matter The Solid State Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion) Fixed shape and volume Crystalline or amorphous structure
More informationKINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF GASES 1) Gases are highly compressible An external force compresses the gas sample and decreases its volume, removing the external force allows the
More informationSCH 3UI Unit 08 Outline: Kinetic Molecular Theory and the Gas Laws. The States of Matter Characteristics of. Solids, Liquids and Gases
SCH 3UI Unit 08 Outline: Kinetic Molecular Theory and the Gas Laws Lesson Topics Covered Handouts to Print 1 Note: The States of Matter solids, liquids and gases state and the polarity of molecules the
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gases Chapter 5 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Elements that exist as gases at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More informationGases. What are the four variables needed to describe a gas?
Gases What are the four variables needed to describe a gas? 1 Gases The simplest state of matter K.E. >> intermolecular forces Random motion Predictable behavior 2 Gases at STP Few Elements: H 2 N 2 O
More informationSummary of Gas Laws V T. Boyle s Law (T and n constant) Charles Law (p and n constant) Combined Gas Law (n constant) 1 =
Summary of Gas Laws Boyle s Law (T and n constant) p 1 V 1 = p 2 V 2 Charles Law (p and n constant) V 1 = T 1 V T 2 2 Combined Gas Law (n constant) pv 1 T 1 1 = pv 2 T 2 2 1 Ideal Gas Equation pv = nrt
More informationWhat we will learn about now
Chapter 4: Gases What we will learn about now We will learn how volume, pressure, temperature are related. You probably know much of this qualitatively, but we ll learn it quantitatively as well with the
More informationName: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 8 Gases.
Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 8 Gases 1 Name: KEY IDEAS The concept of an ideal gas is a model to explain the behavior of gases. A real gas is most like an ideal gas when the real gas is at low
More informationGases and Kinetic Theory
Gases and Kinetic Theory Chemistry 35 Fall 2000 Gases One of the four states of matter Simplest to understand both physically and chemically Gas Properties Low density Fluid Can be defined by their: 1.
More informationTOPIC 2. Topic 2. States of Matter (I) - Gases. 1
Chemistry TOPIC 2 States of Matter (I) - Gases Topic 2. States of Matter (I) - Gases. 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Pressure measurement 3. The Ideal Gas equation 4. Efusion and Diffusion 5. Kinetic Molecular
More informationChapter 6 The States of Matter. Examples of Physical Properties of Three States of Matter
Chapter 6 The States of Matter Examples of Physical Properties of Three States of Matter 1 Three States of Matter Solids: Fixed shape, fixed volume, particles are held rigidly in place. Liquids: Variable
More informationStandard T & P (STP) At STP, 1 mol of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L. The standard temperature and pressure for gases is:
Standard T & P (STP) The standard temperature and pressure for gases is: At STP, 1 mol of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L T = 273 K (0 o C) P = 1 atm = 101.325 kpa = 1.01325 bar 22.4 L Using STP in problems
More informationChapter 5. Question. Question. Answer. Answer. Question (continued) The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 CRS s The Gaseous State Equal volumes of propane, C 3 H 8, and carbon monoxide at the same temperature and pressure have the same a. density. b.. c. number of atoms. 1) a only 2) b only 3) c
More informationTest Review # 7. Combined Gas Law PV T PV T. Ideal Gas Law PV = nrt. Chemistry H-3: Form TR7.6A
Chemistry H-3: Form TR7.6A TEST 9 REVIEW Name Date Period Test Review # 7 ENERGY Calculatin Joules. When you heat a solid, it s temperature enerally oes up. There is a relationship between heat and temperature,
More informationI. Gas Laws A. Four properties of gases 1. Volume - V
Gas Laws Learning Objectives TLW know the variables that influence the behavior of gases (TEKS 9) TLW be able to describe interrelationships between temperature, number of moles, pressure, and volume of
More information1,2,8,9,11,13,14,17,19,20,22,24,26,28,30,33,38,40,43,45,46,51,53,55,57,62,63,80,82,88,94
CHAPTER 5GASES 1,,8,9,11,1,14,17,19,0,,4,6,8,0,,8,40,4,45,46,51,5,55,57,6,6,80,8,88,94 5.1 a) The volume of the liquid remains constant, but the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 2015 Pearson Education James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Characteristics of Physical properties of gases are all similar. Composed mainly of nonmetallic elements
More informationChemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J.
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy Chapter 10 Gases Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, gases Expand to fill their containers. Are highly compressible.
More information(2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of gas. (3) Molecules of a gas moves randomly in all direction.
9.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases : Assumption (1) The molecules of a gas are identical, spherical and perfectly elastic point masses. (2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of
More information