Health Monitoring of Early Age Concrete
|
|
- Anabel Melton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Health Monitoring of Early Age Concrete Surendra P. Shah Northwestern University, Illinois, USA Keynote CONSEC 04, Seoul, June 30, 2004.
2 2 Scope of Research Test method for in-situ testing of early age concrete Requirements versatile in application nondestructive in nature measure physical properties access to one side of the structure Life Cycle of Concrete green early age young mature concrete 4-6 hours 5 days 28 days
3 3 Outline 1. Basics of Wave Propagation 2. Principle of Wave Reflection Method 3. General Application Setting Behavior Compressive Strength Dynamic Shear Modulus Measures of Cement Hydration Microstructural Parameters 4. Field Application 5. Conclusions
4 4 Wave Propagation
5 5 Longitudinal Waves (L-Waves) also: Primary (P-) Waves, Compression Waves Excitation Wave Velocity: v L = Direction of Travel E( 1 ν) ( + ν)( 1 2ν) ρ 1 Direction of Particle Motion Governing Parameters Young s Modulus E Poisson s Ratio v Density ρ
6 6 Transverse Waves (T-Waves) also: Secondary (S-) Waves, Shear Waves Excitation Direction of Travel Wave Velocity: v T = G ρ Direction of Particle Motion Governing Parameters Shear Modulus G Density ρ no propagation in liquids or gases!
7 7 Wave Reflection at Boundaries if P- or S-wave encounters an interface between two materials the wave is partially reflected partially transmitted material 1 material 2 (steel) (mortar) reflection coefficient r = Z Z mortar mortar + Z Z steel steel acoustic impedance reflected incident ρ s, v s transmitted ρ m, v m Z = ρ v governs the reflection process
8 8 Principle of WR-Method
9 9 Principle of Wave Reflection Method shear wave transducer (2.25 MHz) steel plate fresh concrete Case 1: 1: concrete is is liquid no no wave transmission at at interface shear waves: do not propagate in liquids
10 10 Principle of Wave Reflection Method shear wave transducer (2.25 MHz) steel plate fresh Concrete hardened concrete Case 2: 2: concrete is is hardening transmission losses at at interface
11 11 Signal Analysis 1 Main Bang Reflexion 0.6 R 1 2. Reflexion R Zeit (µs) FFT F 1 1. Reflexion F2 2. Reflexion Time Domain Frequency Domain Reflection Coefficient r F 2 (f) F 1 (f) = L r F 1, F 2. FFT of reflections at 2.25 MHz L. Losses (material, coupling, geometry) Reflection Loss R L (db) = - 20 log (r)
12 12 Attenuation Development Attenuation Time Phase 1 Phase 1: immediately after casting Concrete is liquid no transmission attenuation is zero
13 13 Attenuation Development Attenuation Point A Time Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 2: accelerating hydration Concrete hardens rapidly transmission attenuation increases
14 14 Attenuation Development Point B Attenuation Point A Time Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 3: decelerating hydration Concrete hardens constant transmission attenuation levels off
15 15 Test Equipment t = 12 mm Laptop Computer Transducers Pulser/Receiver Steel Plates Concrete
16 16 Reflection Loss vs. Setting
17 17 Influence of Admixtures 0.8 Concrete Reflection Loss (db) Accelerator Plain Retarder Time (hours) Shifting of Point A
18 18 Influence of Admixtures Initial setting time (hours) Silica Accelerator Superplasticizer Plain Retarder Time of point A (hours)
19 19 Influence of w/c-ratio Cement Mortar w/c = 0.35, 0.5, w/c = 0.35 w/c = 0.5 Reflection Loss (db) R L = 0.12 ± 0.02 w/c = Time (Hours) initial setting
20 20 Summary Setting WR-Method can measure influence of admixtures w/c-ratio temperature (not shown) on the setting behavior of cement-based materials
21 21 Reflection Loss vs. Viscoelastic Properties
22 22 Background WR-method can be used to measure rheological parameters of fresh cement paste Parameters of interest Shear Modulus G Storage modulus G Energy storage Loss modulus G Energy dissipation Viscosity η Comparative Experiments Rheometer WR-Method Cement Paste w/c = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 Time range 0 4 hours
23 23 Rheometric Measurements for comparison Rheometer coaxial cylinder barrel with paste
24 24 Storage Shear Modulus Normalized G' Portland Cement Pastes Temperature = 25 C w/c=0.4 w/c=0.5 w/c=0.6 G' from Rheometric method G' from WR method Hydration Age (hours) normalized values show similar trends
25 25 Viscosity Viscosity (Pa.s) SR-Method WR-Method Portland Cement Paste Temperature=25 C Hydration Age=15mins water/cement-ratio 1.4 Good correlations of the viscosity Viscosity (Pa s) (WR-method) Portland Cement Pastes Temperature=25 w/c=0.4 w/c=0.5 w/c= Viscosity (Pa s) (SR-method)
26 26 Summary Visco-elastic Parameters WR-Method can reproduce storage modulus (measure of elasticity) viscosity during the setting of cement-based materials
27 27 Reflection Loss vs. Strength
28 Strength Test on Extruded Cylinders Ram-Extruder Strength Test Piston Barrel Ram Mortar Die 32 mm 64 mm Cut Cylinder
29 29 Reflection Loss vs. Strength Compressive Strength (MPa) Extruded Cement Mortar Power Law f(t) = a t b Reflection Loss () t Time (hours) f Hyperbolic Law (Knudson 80, Carino 84) = F u k 1+ Strength ( t t0 ) k( t t ) 0 64 mm 32 mm Reflection Loss (db)
30 h 6.5 h 7.6 h 8.6 h 10.6 h 15.1 h 19.1 h Compressive Strength (MPa) Strength Reflection Loss Reflection Loss (db) Time (hours) 0.0
31 31 R L vs. Strength Compressive Strength (MPa) Cement Mortars different w/c-ratios R 2 = 0.92 Transition Point between 6 15 hours R 2 = 0.97 w/c = 0.6 w/c = 0.35 w/c = Reflection Loss (db)
32 32 Summary Compressive Strength Strength and reflection loss follow similar trends Reflection loss is (bi-) linearly related to compressive strength at early ages. Relationship is independent of w/c-ratio (for mortar) of temperature (results not shown)
33 33 Reflection Loss vs. Shear Modulus
34 34 Determination of Shear Modulus Reflection Loss local measurement R L = f (Shear Modulus) G r Shear Wave Velocity measurement along wave path v s = f (Shear Modulus) G vs Torsional Resonant Frequency bulk measurement f tor = f (Shear Modulus) G tor
35 35 Dynamic Shear Modulus Dynamic Shear Modulus (GPa) S-wave w/c = 0.5 (mortar) resonance WR resonance (paste) Dynamic Shear Modulus (GPa) w/c = 0.6 (mortar) resonance S-wave resonance (paste) WR Time (h) Time (h) Reflection Loss is governed by cement paste properties
36 36 Summary Shear Modulus Reflection loss is governed by dynamic shear modulus, measures shear modulus of cement paste portion of mortar
37 37 Reflection Loss vs. Direct Measures of Hydration
38 38 Reflection Loss (db) Reflection Loss vs. Degree of Hydration w/c = 0.35 reflection loss degree of hydration Time (Hours) 1000 Direct comparison linear relationship Degree of Hydration (-) Reflection Loss (db) Degree of hydration measured by TGA Comparison in time w/c = 0.35, 0.5, Degree of Hydration (-)
39 39 Reflection Loss vs. Microstructure
40 40 Reflection Loss vs. Capillary Porosity Reflection Loss (R L, db) cement paste w/c=0.35 w/c=0.5 w/c=0.6 R 2 = Decrease of Capillary Porosity (Pc 0 -Pc) Reflection loss uniquely related to decrease in porosity
41 41 Gel-Space Ratio vs. Reflection Loss R L is closely related to microstructural changes in cement paste Reflection Loss (db) X = 0.68 α 0.32 α + w c R L = 7.48 X 1.63 R 2 = Gel-Space Ratio (-)
42 42 Numerical Simulation HYMOSTRUC3D Connectivity of Solid Phase initial stage no contacts hydration step x clusters hydration step y closed path Results: percolation threshold total amount of solids connected solid
43 43 Solid Phase vs. Reflection Loss total solid connected solid 3 Fraction of Solid Phase (-) Reflection Loss Cement Mortar w/c = Reflection Loss (db) Percolation Threshold Time (hours)
44 44 Contact Area Reflection loss uniquely related to contact area connected particles exposed contact area
45 45 Summary Microstructure Reflection loss is closely related to microstructural changes. Unique relationships to: decrease of capillary porosity gel-space ratio contact area
46 46 Field Application
47 47 Test Object Prestressed Box Girder Production Process placement of reinforcement and Styrofoam core Styrofoam core pouring concrete 4 ft ~15 h curing removing girder from steel bed prestress cables 6 ft 130 ft Need for Quality Control When has concrete reached the critical strength for removing girder?
48 48 Pulser/ Receiver Temperature Logger Main Power Switch Laptop Computer Transducer Central Power Supply
49 49 On-Site Measurements Steel Plates
50 50 Result of Field Test 50 Strength (MPa) strength measured by wave reflection method NDT-method strength determined in plant (cylinder test at 16h) quality control precast plant strength determined in ACBM lab (precalibration) calibration ACBM-lab Equivalent Age ( C h)
51 51 Options for Vertical Structures e.g. walls, columns non-steel formwork transducer steel plate steel formwork
52 52 Summary Field Application WR-method can be used for field testing during production process. in-situ strength can be assessed equipment can be made portable advance laboratory testing necessary
53 53 Final Conclusions Wave Reflection Method can nondestructively monitor: setting behavior viscoelastic properties compressive strength dynamic shear modulus progress of cement hydration microstructural changes in-situ strength of concrete structures
54 54 Vision Task Expert System Early Age Concrete Properties decision support on construction site
HEALTH MONITORING OF EARLY AGE CONCRETE
HEALTH MONITORING OF EARLY AGE CONCRETE Thomas Voigt, Zhihui Sun, Surendra P. Shah Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials Northwestern University, Illinois, USA Abstract The setting and hardening process
More informationNondestructive Monitoring of Setting and Hardening of Portland Cement Mortar with Sonic Methods
Nondestructive Monitoring of Setting and Hardening of Portland Cement Mortar ith Sonic Methods Thomas Voigt, Northestern University, Evanston, USA Surendra P. Shah, Northestern University, Evanston, USA
More informationDetermination of Early Age Mortar and Concrete Strength by Ultrasonic Wave Reflections
Determination of Early Age Mortar and Concrete Strength by Ultrasonic Wave Reflections Thomas Voigt 1, Yilmaz Akkaya 2, Surendra P. Shah 3 Keywords: nondestructive tests, ultrasonic tests, compressive
More informationA MICROMECHANIC MODEL FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENT PASTE AT EARLY AGE VALIDATED WITH EXPERIMENTS
A MICROMECHANIC MODEL FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENT PASTE AT EARLY AGE VALIDATED WITH EXPERIMENTS Guang Ye Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands Zhihui Sun ACBM, Northwestern University, USA
More informationAPPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC METHODS FOR EARLY AGE CONCRETE CHARACTERISATION
The 8 th International Conference of the Slovenian Society for Non-Destructive Testing»Application of Contemporary Non-Destructive Testing in Engineering«September 1-3, 005, Portorož, Slovenia, pp. 99-108
More informationLECTURE NO. 4-5 INTRODUCTION ULTRASONIC * PULSE VELOCITY METHODS
LECTURE NO. 4-5 ULTRASONIC * PULSE VELOCITY METHODS Objectives: To introduce the UPV methods To briefly explain the theory of pulse propagation through concrete To explain equipments, procedures, calibrations,
More informationNondestructive measurement of concrete strength gain by an ultrasonic wave reflection method
Materials and Structures / Matériaux et Constructions, Vol. 36, October 2003, pp 507-514 Nondestructive measurement of concrete strength gain by an ultrasonic wave reflection method Y. Akkaya 1,2, T. Voigt
More informationApplication of Ultrasonic Testing Technique to Evaluation of Strength Development in Early Age Mortars
International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: No: 8 Application of Ultrasonic Testing Technique to Evaluation of Strength Development in Early Age Mortars Abid A. Shah,
More informationCONCRETE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY Tested by... ID No.... Date... Graded by... TEST No. C-7 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF HARDENED CONCRETE Part A Pulse Velocity
More informationApplication of Ultra-Sonic Pulse Velocity Techniques for Concrete Quality Measurements
Application of Ultra-Sonic Pulse Velocity Techniques for Concrete Quality Measurements Uday Bhise, Engineer. NDT; Durocrete Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. Introduction This method of testing was originally
More informationShear waves in solid-state materials
Shear waves in solid-state materials TEAS Related topics Ultrasonic transmission measurement, propagation of ultrasound waves, ultrasound wave modes, shear waves, longitudinal and transverse waves, modulus
More informationStrength of Material. Shear Strain. Dr. Attaullah Shah
Strength of Material Shear Strain Dr. Attaullah Shah Shear Strain TRIAXIAL DEFORMATION Poisson's Ratio Relationship Between E, G, and ν BIAXIAL DEFORMATION Bulk Modulus of Elasticity or Modulus of Volume
More informationChapter. Materials. 1.1 Notations Used in This Chapter
Chapter 1 Materials 1.1 Notations Used in This Chapter A Area of concrete cross-section C s Constant depending on the type of curing C t Creep coefficient (C t = ε sp /ε i ) C u Ultimate creep coefficient
More informationFeature Identification on Vibration Response of Concrete Plates with Various Poisson s Ratios
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=1839 Feature Identification on Vibration Response of oncrete Plates with Various Poisson s Ratios Po-Yao TSAI 1, Helsin WANG, Ta-Peng HANG 1, Jin-Jun WANG
More informationThe acoustic characterization of porous media and its standards
The acoustic characterization of porous media and its standards Luc JAOUEN 1, François-Xavier BECOT, Fabien CHEVILLOTTE Matelys, France ABSTRACT While there is a growing number of methods for the acoustic
More informationApplication of Ultrasonic Wave Reflection for Setting and Stiffening of Cement Paste
Application of Ultrasonic Wave Reflection for Setting and Stiffening of Cement Paste *Chul-Woo Chung 1) John S. Popovics 2) and Leslie J. Struble 3) 1) Department of Architectural Engineering, Pukyong
More informationRheology vs. slump and washout. First encounter with rheology
ACI Fall 9 Convention Relationship between Rheology and Flowable Concrete Workability Kamal Henri Khayat Things you Need to Know about Workability of Concrete - 9 Fall Convention Relationship between Rheology
More informationULTRASONIC PULSE METHOD THE CEMENT STRENGTH EVALUATION TOOL
ULTRASONIC PULSE METHOD THE CEMENT STRENGTH EVALUATION TOOL Jiri BROZOVSKY (1), Jiri ZACH (1) (1) TIBME, FCE, Brno University of Technology,and Czech Republic Abstract The spectrum of control and laboratory
More informationRESEARCH INTO THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CONCRETE STRENGHT AND UPV VALUES. B. Tumendemberel, Ts. Baigalimaa
RESEARCH INTO THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CONCRETE STRENGHT AND UPV VALUES B. Tumendemberel, Ts. Baigalimaa Centre of NDT, Mongolian University of Science and Technology e-mail: tumen_must@yahoo.com baigal5@yahoo.com
More informationNon-Destructive Electrical Methods to Determine the Quality of Concrete
Athens Journal of Technology & Engineering X Y Non-Destructive Electrical Methods to Determine the Quality of Concrete By Sreekanta Das William Clements Govinda Raju There is a great need to explore and
More informationCIVE 2700: Civil Engineering Materials Fall Lab 2: Concrete. Ayebabomo Dambo
CIVE 2700: Civil Engineering Materials Fall 2017 Lab 2: Concrete Ayebabomo Dambo Lab Date: 7th November, 2017 CARLETON UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Concrete is a versatile construction material used in bridges,
More informationMultiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) or Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) Nils Rydén, Lund University, Sweden
Multiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) or Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) Nils Rydén, Lund University, Sweden Outline Background NDT of pavements Wave propagation in slabs (plates) and pavement
More informationLongitudinal Waves. waves in which the particle or oscillator motion is in the same direction as the wave propagation
Longitudinal Waves waves in which the particle or oscillator motion is in the same direction as the wave propagation Longitudinal waves propagate as sound waves in all phases of matter, plasmas, gases,
More informationWhite Rose Research Online URL for this paper:
This is an author produced version of A model for the reflection of shear ultrasonic waves at a thin liquid film and its application to viscometry in a journal bearing. White Rose Research Online URL for
More informationNon Destructive Online Evaluation of Concrete Hardening Using Acoustic Emission and Harmonic Wave Spectroscopy
ECNDT 26 - Th.4.6.4 Non Destructive Online Evaluation of Concrete Hardening Using Acoustic Emission and Harmonic Wave Spectroscopy Koen VAN DEN ABEELE, Wendy DESADELEER, K.U.Leuven Campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk,
More informationSHRINKAGE EIGENSTRESSES AND HARDENING OF CONCRETE
International Conference on Material Science and 64th RILEM Annual Week in Aachen MATSCI 199 SHRINKAGE EIGENSTRESSES AND HARDENING OF CONCRETE P. Paulini, University Innsbruck, Institute of Construction
More informationULTRASONIC NDE RHEALOGICAL MEASUREMENT TOOLS FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL
ULTRAONIC NDE RHEALOGICAL MEAUREMENT TOOL FOR INDUTRIAL PROCE CONTROL K. Balasubramaniam,. ankaran, and Akshay V. Rajwade Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre for Nondestructive Evaluation Indian
More informationField and Laboratory Determination of Elastic Properties of Portland Cement Concrete Using Seismic Techniques
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1355 67 Field and Laboratory Determination of Elastic Properties of Portland Cement Concrete Using Seismic Techniques J. A. BAY AND K. H. STOKOE II Seismic techniques, including
More informationDetermining Approximate Acoustic Properties of Materials
Determining Approximate Acoustic Properties of Materials More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=20452 Ed GINZEL 1 Ben TURNBULL 2 1 Materials Research Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
More informationBENDER-EXTENDER ELEMENTS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENT PASTE AT EARLY AGES
BENDER-EXTENDER ELEMENTS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENT PASTE AT EARLY AGES José Granja (1), Miguel Azenha (1) (1) University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal Abstract The embedment of bender-extender elements
More informationOn the study of elastic wave scattering and Rayleigh wave velocity measurement of concrete with steel bar
NDT&E International 33 (2000) 401 407 www.elsevier.com/locate/ndteint On the study of elastic wave scattering and Rayleigh wave velocity measurement of concrete with steel bar T.-T. Wu*, J.-H. Sun, J.-H.
More informationQuality control based on electrical resistivity measurements
Quality control based on electrical resistivity measurements Miguel FERREIRA Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho Campus de Azurém, 4-58, Guimarães, Portugal rmf@civil.uminho.pt
More informationDoppler echocardiography & Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Doppler echocardiography. History: - Langevin developed sonar.
1 Doppler echocardiography & Magnetic Resonance Imaging History: - Langevin developed sonar. - 1940s development of pulse-echo. - 1950s development of mode A and B. - 1957 development of continuous wave
More informationNon-Destructive Assessment of Residual Strength of Thermally Damaged Concrete Made with Different Aggregate Types
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS NonDestructive Assessment of Residual Strength of Thermally Damaged Concrete Made with Different Aggregate Types To cite this
More informationStudy and design of a composite acoustic sensor to characterize an heterogeneous media presenting a complex matrix
19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, -7 SEPTEMBER 007 Study and design of a composite acoustic sensor to characterize an heterogeneous media presenting a complex matrix PACS: 43.58.-e Georges,
More informationTrezos, Sfikas and Pavlou 3rd fib International Congress WATER PERMEABILITY OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
WATER PERMEABILITY OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE Konstantinos G. Trezos, Assistant Professor, School of Civil Eng., N.T.U.A., Greece Ioannis P. Sfikas, MSc, PhD Candidate, School of Civil Eng. N.T.U.A.,
More informationOPTI 521, Optomechanical Design, Technical Paper Reviews, Dr. Jim Burge, 2011
Synopsis of Predicting the vibration characteristics of elements incorporating Incompressible and Compressible Viscoelastic Materials Abstract Jacob Etter OPTI 521, University of Arizona, College of Optical
More informationMeasurement of Elastic Constants Using Ultrasound
MCEN 3027 Updated 02/26/2001 Measurement of Elastic Constants Using Ultrasound Introduction Ultrasound uses very high frequency sound, higher than 20 khz (the limit of human hearing), to determine material
More informationFROM NEAR FIELD TO FAR FIELD AND BEYOND
More info about this article: h Czech Society for Nondestructive Testing 32 nd European Conference on Acoustic Emission Testing Prague, Czech Republic, September 07-09, 2016 FROM NEAR FIELD TO FAR FIELD
More informationGeology 229 Engineering Geology. Lecture 7. Rocks and Concrete as Engineering Material (West, Ch. 6)
Geology 229 Engineering Geology Lecture 7 Rocks and Concrete as Engineering Material (West, Ch. 6) Outline of this Lecture 1. Rock mass properties Weakness planes control rock mass strength; Rock textures;
More informationNoninvasive Assessment of Existing Concrete
Noninvasive Assessment of Existing Concrete FINAL REPORT February 2, 2016 By Piervincenzo Rizzo University of Pittsburgh COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONTRACT # 4400011482
More informationUSING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS TO OBTAIN THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SAMPLES
Journal of Young Scientist, Volume I, 2013 ISSN 2344-1283; ISSN CD-ROM 2344-1291; ISSN Online 2344-1305; ISSN-L 2344 1283 USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS TO OBTAIN THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SAMPLES Catalin
More information[Yadav*, 5(3): March, 2016] ISSN: (I2OR), Publication Impact Factor: 3.785
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING ON A R.C.C. BEAM BASED ON PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL Praveen Kumar Yadav*,
More informationToday s menu. Last lecture. Ultrasonic measurement systems. What is Ultrasound (cont d...)? What is ultrasound?
Last lecture Measurement of volume flow rate Differential pressure flowmeters Mechanical flowmeters Vortex flowmeters Measurement of mass flow Measurement of tricky flows" Today s menu Ultrasonic measurement
More information13th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials (NDCM-XIII), May 2013, Le Mans, France
3th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials (NDCM-XIII), 2-24 May 23, Le Mans, France www.ndt.net/?id=5532 Biot waves in porous ceramic plates : influence of boundary conditions
More informationNORMAL STRESS. The simplest form of stress is normal stress/direct stress, which is the stress perpendicular to the surface on which it acts.
NORMAL STRESS The simplest form of stress is normal stress/direct stress, which is the stress perpendicular to the surface on which it acts. σ = force/area = P/A where σ = the normal stress P = the centric
More informationCOMPARISONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS FOR PROPERTIES OF ALKALI- ACTIVATED BINDER CONCRETE
COMPARISONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS FOR PROPERTIES OF ALKALI- ACTIVATED BINDER CONCRETE Arkamitra Kar Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Telangana, India Udaya B. Halabe West Virginia
More informationStress and Energy Transmission by Inhomogeneous Plane Waves into Dissipative Media
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories School of Mechanical Engineering 11-6-2015 Stress and Energy Transmission by Inhomogeneous Plane Waves into Dissipative Media
More informationAgricultural Science 1B Principles & Processes in Agriculture. Mike Wheatland
Agricultural Science 1B Principles & Processes in Agriculture Mike Wheatland (m.wheatland@physics.usyd.edu.au) Outline - Lectures weeks 9-12 Chapter 6: Balance in nature - description of energy balance
More informationPHASED-ARRAY FOCUSING WITH LONGITUDINAL GUIDED WAVES IN A VISCOELASTIC COATED HOLLOW CYLINDER
PHASED-ARRAY FOCUSING WITH LONGITUDINAL GUIDED WAVES IN A VISCOELASTIC COATED HOLLOW CYLINDER W. Luo, J. L. Rose, J. K. Van Velsor, J. Mu Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, The Pennsylvania
More informationNote: For further information, including the development of creep with time, Annex B may be used.
..4 Creep and shrinkage ()P Creep and shrinkage of the concrete depend on the ambient humidity, the dimensions of the element and the composition of the concrete. Creep is also influenced by the maturity
More informationN = Shear stress / Shear strain
UNIT - I 1. What is meant by factor of safety? [A/M-15] It is the ratio between ultimate stress to the working stress. Factor of safety = Ultimate stress Permissible stress 2. Define Resilience. [A/M-15]
More informationD. BARD DIVISION OF ENGINEERING ACOUSTICS, LUND UNIVERSITY
Transmission, Reflections, Eigenfrequencies, Eigenmodes Tranversal and Bending waves D. BARD DIVISION OF ENGINEERING ACOUSTICS, LUND UNIVERSITY Outline Introduction Types of waves Eigenfrequencies & Eigenmodes
More informationREGRESSION MODELING FOR STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS EVALUATION OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
REGRESSION MODELING FOR STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS EVALUATION OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE S. Eswari 1, P. N. Raghunath and S. Kothandaraman 1 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering
More informationToday s menu. Last lecture. Measurement of volume flow rate. Measurement of volume flow rate (cont d...) Differential pressure flow meters
Last lecture Analog-to-digital conversion (Ch. 1.1). Introduction to flow measurement systems (Ch. 12.1). Today s menu Measurement of volume flow rate Differential pressure flowmeters Mechanical flowmeters
More informationThe Rheology of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Paste Evaluated by a Parallel Plate Rheometer
The Rheology of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Paste Evaluated by a Parallel Plate Rheometer Katherine G. Kuder, Nilufer Ozyurt, Bin Mu and S. P. Shah Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials, Northwestern
More informationRock Mechanics Laboratory Tests for Petroleum Applications. Rob Marsden Reservoir Geomechanics Advisor Gatwick
Rock Mechanics Laboratory Tests for Petroleum Applications Rob Marsden Reservoir Geomechanics Advisor Gatwick Summary A wide range of well established and proven laboratory tests are available for petroleum
More information6th NDT in Progress Evaluation of metal weld-zone by using Poisson s ratio distribution
6th NDT in Progress 2011 International Workshop of NDT Experts, Prague, 10-12 Oct 2011 Evaluation of metal weld-zone by using Poisson s ratio distribution Jong Yeon Lee *1, Jeong-Hoon Moon 2, Hyunbyuk
More informationNUMERICAL EVALUATION OF A TEFLON BASED PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR EFFECTIVITY FOR THE MONITORING OF EARLY AGE COCRETE STRENGTHING
NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF A TEFLON BASED PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR EFFECTIVITY FOR THE MONITORING OF EARLY AGE COCRETE STRENGTHING Evangelos V. Liarakos Postdoctoral researcher School of Architecture, Technical
More information6th NDT in Progress Lamb waves in an anisotropic plate of a single crystal silicon wafer
6th NDT in Progress 2011 International Workshop of NDT Experts, Prague, 10-12 Oct 2011 Lamb waves in an anisotropic plate of a single crystal silicon wafer Young-Kyu PARK 1, Young H. KIM 1 1 Applied Acoustics
More informationNDT&E Methods: UT. VJ Technologies CAVITY INSPECTION. Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation TPU Lecture Course 2015/16.
CAVITY INSPECTION NDT&E Methods: UT VJ Technologies NDT&E Methods: UT 6. NDT&E: Introduction to Methods 6.1. Ultrasonic Testing: Basics of Elasto-Dynamics 6.2. Principles of Measurement 6.3. The Pulse-Echo
More informationSummary PHY101 ( 2 ) T / Hanadi Al Harbi
الكمية Physical Quantity القانون Low التعريف Definition الوحدة SI Unit Linear Momentum P = mθ be equal to the mass of an object times its velocity. Kg. m/s vector quantity Stress F \ A the external force
More informationNon-Destructive Testing of Concrete Based on Analysis of Velocity Dispersion of Laser Ultrasonics
ECNDT 26 - Poster 223 Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Based on Analysis of Velocity Dispersion of Laser Ultrasonics Kenichiro TSUYUKI, Ryuta KATAMURA, Satoru MIURA, Kajima Technical Research Institute,
More informationNumerical Simulation on Concrete Pouring Process of Self-Compacting Concrete-Filled Steel Tube
Numerical Simulation on Concrete Pouring Process of Self-Compacting Concrete-Filled Steel Tube B.H. Qi Building Research Institute, Angang Construction Group, Anshan Liaoning, China J.Z. Fu& S. Yan School
More informationExperimental study of wave propagation in heterogeneous materials
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Experimental study of wave propagation in heterogeneous materials This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by the/an
More informationLecture #2: Split Hopkinson Bar Systems
Lecture #2: Split Hopkinson Bar Systems by Dirk Mohr ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Chair of Computational Modeling of Materials in Manufacturing 2015 1 1 1 Uniaxial Compression
More informationNUTC R339. Using Shear Wave Velocity to Monitor the Curing Process of Self-Consolidating Concrete by Bender Element
Using Shear Wave Velocity to Monitor the Curing Process of Self-Consolidating Concrete by Bender Element by Jianfeng Zhu, Master student and Bate Bate, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Civil, Architectural,
More informationSignal Loss. A1 A L[Neper] = ln or L[dB] = 20log 1. Proportional loss of signal amplitude with increasing propagation distance: = α d
Part 6 ATTENUATION Signal Loss Loss of signal amplitude: A1 A L[Neper] = ln or L[dB] = 0log 1 A A A 1 is the amplitude without loss A is the amplitude with loss Proportional loss of signal amplitude with
More informationSound radiation and sound insulation
11.1 Sound radiation and sound insulation We actually do not need this chapter You have learned everything you need to know: When waves propagating from one medium to the next it is the change of impedance
More informationHardened Concrete. Lecture No. 16
Hardened Concrete Lecture No. 16 Fatigue strength of concrete Modulus of elasticity, Creep Shrinkage of concrete Stress-Strain Plot of Concrete At stress below 30% of ultimate strength, the transition
More informationPeriod #1 : CIVIL MATERIALS COURSE OVERVIEW
Period #1 : CIVIL MATERIALS COURSE OVERVIEW A. Materials Systems to be Addressed Metals and Alloys (steel and aluminum) Portland Cement Concrete Asphalt Cement Concrete Fiber Reinforced Composites Masonry
More informationESTIMATION OF BINGHAM RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SCC FROM SLUMP FLOW MEASUREMENT
ESTIMATION OF BINGHAM RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SCC FROM SLUMP FLOW MEASUREMENT L. N. Thrane, C. Pade and T. Svensson Danish Technological Institute, Concrete Centre, Taastrup, Denmark Abstract Different
More informationThe Relationship between the Applied Torque and Stresses in Post-Tension Structures
ECNDT 6 - Poster 218 The Relationship between the Applied Torque and Stresses in Post-Tension Structures Fui Kiew LIEW, Sinin HAMDAN * and Mohd. Shahril OSMAN, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia
More informationCompensation-based non-destructive automatic quality control using acoustic methods
Compensation-based non-destructive automatic quality control using acoustic methods Abstract Keywords Ingolf Hertlin RTE Akustik + Prüftechnik GmbH Gewerbestr. 26, D-76327 Pfinztal, Germany www.rte.de
More informationMecanum. Acoustic Materials: Characterization. We build silence. Mecanum Inc.
ecanum We build silence Acoustic aterials: Characterization ecanum Inc. info@mecanum.com www.mecanum.com otivation Sound quality in vehicles starts at the design stage odels are used to simulate the acoustics
More informationModeling Heat and Moisture Transport During Hydration of Cement-Based Materials in Semi- Adiabatic Conditions
Modeling Heat and Moisture Transport During Hydration of Cement-Based Materials in Semi- Adiabatic Conditions E. Hernandez-Bautista 1, D. Bentz 2, S. Sandoval-Torres 3, P. Cano-Barrita 3 1 National Institute
More informationCHAPTER 4 BASICS OF ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT AND ANFIS MODELLING
37 CHAPTER 4 BASICS OF ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT AND ANFIS MODELLING 4.1 BASICS OF ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT All sound waves, whether audible or ultrasonic, are mechanical vibrations involving movement in the
More informationConcrete Strength Evaluation Based on Non-Destructive Monitoring Technique using Piezoelectric Material
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2016 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Concrete
More informationPhysical and Biological Properties of Agricultural Products Acoustic, Electrical and Optical Properties and Biochemical Property
Physical and Biological Properties of Agricultural Products Acoustic, Electrical and Optical Properties and Biochemical Property 1. Acoustic and Vibrational Properties 1.1 Acoustics and Vibration Engineering
More informationNondestructive and Destructive Testing of Reinforced Polymeric Materials
Copyright 2012 Tech Science Press SL, vol.8, no.2, pp.83-97, 2012 Nondestructive and Destructive Testing of Reinforced Polymeric Materials E.E. Theotokoglou 1, E. Sideridis 1 Abstract: In this work a class
More informationEffects of Basalt Fibres on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Effects of Basalt Fibres on Mechanical Properties of Concrete A. M. El-Gelani 1, C.M. High 2, S. H. Rizkalla 3 and E. A. Abdalla 4 1,4 University of Tripoli, Civil Engineering Department, Tripoli, Libya
More informationJuan E. Santos a,b,c, Gabriela B. Savioli a and Robiel Martínez Corredor c a
Juan E. Santos a,b,c, Gabriela B. Savioli a and Robiel Martínez Corredor c a Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fac. Ing., IGPUBA, ARGENTINA b Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, USA c Universidad
More informationAppendix K Design Examples
Appendix K Design Examples Example 1 * Two-Span I-Girder Bridge Continuous for Live Loads AASHTO Type IV I girder Zero Skew (a) Bridge Deck The bridge deck reinforcement using A615 rebars is shown below.
More informationEFFECT OF CRACKING AND FRACTURE ON THE ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE OF HPFRCC
9th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures FraMCoS-9 V. Saouma, J. Bolander and E. Landis (Eds) DOI 1.11/FC9.195 EFFECT OF CRACKING AND FRACTURE ON THE ELECTROMECHANICAL
More informationMaterial Testing Overview (THERMOPLASTICS)
Material Testing Overview (THERMOPLASTICS) Table of Contents Thermal Conductivity... 3 Specific Heat... 4 Transition Temperature and Ejection Temperature... 5 Shear Viscosity... 7 Pressure-Volume-Temperature
More informationAcoustic Velocity, Impedance, Reflection, Transmission, Attenuation, and Acoustic Etalons
Acoustic Velocity, Impedance, Reflection, Transmission, Attenuation, and Acoustic Etalons Acoustic Velocity The equation of motion in a solid is (1) T = ρ 2 u t 2 (1) where T is the stress tensor, ρ is
More informationSound Propagation through Media. Nachiketa Tiwari Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Sound Propagation through Media Nachiketa Tiwari Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur LECTURE-13 WAVE PROPAGATION IN SOLIDS Longitudinal Vibrations In Thin Plates Unlike 3-D solids, thin plates have surfaces
More informationMODIFICATION OF THE CONCRETE RHEOMETER TO DETERMINE RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SELF- CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE VANE DEVICE
MODIFICATION OF THE CONCETE HEOMETE TO DETEMINE HEOLOGICAL PAAMETES OF SELF- CONSOLIDATING CONCETE VANE DEVICE Ammar Yahia and Kamal H. Khayat Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke,
More informationMeasurement of Complex Permittivity of Large Concrete Samples with an Open-Ended Coaxial Line
Measurement Notes Note 65 10 January 2014 Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Large Concrete Samples with an Open-Ended Coaxial Line Bertrand Daout, Marc Sallin Montena Technology, route de Montena
More informationHaleh Azari, Ph.D. AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL) AASHTO Subcommittee on Materials Meeting August 2007
Haleh Azari, Ph.D. AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL) AASHTO Subcommittee on Materials Meeting August 2007 AMRL Research Program Mission Meet the Research and Standards Needs of the AASHTO Member
More informationCharacterization of Microcracking in Thermally Damaged Concrete Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Modulation Technique
, July 4-6, 212, London, U.K. Characterization of Microcracking in Thermally Damaged Concrete Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Modulation Technique Hyo-Gyung Kwak, Sun-Jong Park, and Hong Jae Yim Abstract This
More informationNondestructive Determination of Elastic Constants of Thin Plates Based on PVDF Focusing Ultrasound Transducers and Lamb Wave Measurements
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Nondestructive Determination of Elastic Constants of Thin Plates Based on PVDF Focusing Ultrasound Transducers and Lamb
More informationTHE EFFECT OF CEMENTATION ON THE SEISMIC PROPERTIES OF SANDSTONE:
THE EFFECT OF CEMENTATION ON THE SEISMIC PROPERTIES OF SANDSTONE: Xavier Du Bernard, Manika Prasad, Michael Reinstaedtler * 1. INTRODUCTION Composition and cementation are two major parameters that control
More informationMeasuring the Effectiveness of Cure Materials
National Concrete Consortium Embassy Suites, Indianapolis, In Measuring the Effectiveness of Cure Materials Dan G. Zollinger, Ph.D., P.E. Professor, Texas A&M University Zachry Department of Civil Engineering
More informationNon-linear Aspects of Friction Material Elastic Constants
Non-linear Aspects of Friction Material Elastic Constants Donald E. Yuhas Industrial Measurement Systems, Inc. Jim Ding and Srikanth Venkatesan TMD Friction North American R & D Center ABSTRACT In this
More informationJournal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Review Paper. Engineering. Stress Wave Scattering: Friend or Enemy of Non Destructive Testing of Concrete?
and Materials Review Paper Engineering Stress Wave Scattering: Friend or Enemy of Non Destructive Testing of Concrete?* Dimitrios G. AGGELIS**, Tomoki SHIOTANI***, Theodore P. PHILIPPIDIS**** and Demosthenes
More informationQUANTITATIVE DAMAGE ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE CORE BASED ON AE RATE PROCESS ANALYSIS
QUANTITATIVE DAMAGE ESTIMATION OF CONCRETE CORE BASED ON AE RATE PROCESS ANALYSIS MASAYASU OHTSU and TETSUYA SUZUKI 1 Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan 2 Nippon Suiko Consultants Co., Kumamoto
More informationRheology Testing of Deep Foundation Concrete
25. Workshop und Kolloquium: "Rheologische Messungen an Baustoffen" 02. und 03. März 2016, Regensburg Rheology Testing of Deep Foundation Concrete Thomas Kränkel, Dirk Lowke, Christoph Gehlen Sponsored
More informationNUMERICAL STUDY OF CARBONATION DEPTH DETECTION OF CONCRETE DAMAGED FROM ULTRASONIC AXYSIMMETRIC LOADING USING REFLECTIVE WAVES
Surabaya, 11 Juli 212, ISSN 231-6752 NUMERICAL STUDY OF CARBONATION DEPTH DETECTION OF CONCRETE DAMAGED FROM ULTRASONIC AXYSIMMETRIC LOADING USING REFLECTIVE WAVES IFTA MINKA 1,2, TA-PENG CHANG 2, DATA
More informationThe University of Melbourne Engineering Mechanics
The University of Melbourne 436-291 Engineering Mechanics Tutorial Four Poisson s Ratio and Axial Loading Part A (Introductory) 1. (Problem 9-22 from Hibbeler - Statics and Mechanics of Materials) A short
More information