CPT symmetry test Gravity between matter and antimatter Listen to the whisper of nature (Planck mass vs our limitedness )

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1 Trapped charged particles and Fundamental physics April 12-16, 2010, Saariselkae, Finland Advances in Antihydrogen y g Experiments p Yasunori Yamazaki RIKEN & Univ. Tokyo

2 Trapped charged particles and Fundamental physics April 12-16, 2010, Saariselkae, Finland Advances in Antihydrogen Experiments Yasunori Yamazaki RIKEN & Univ. Tokyo

3 Exotic CPT symmetry test Gravity between matter and antimatter Listen to the whisper of nature (Planck mass vs our limitedness ) Heavy electron & negative proton Heavy electron & negative proton Sensitive probe (nuclear structure, plasma)

4 ~m/r 3 =h/cr 4 (R~h/mc) BH ~c 2 /2GR 2 m Pl ~(hc/g) 1/2 f coul ~f G : 1/2 m Pl curved space-time

5 The same amount of antimatter should have been synthesized.

6 A traveling to earth If the bigbang g scenario is true, and the same amount of matter and antimatter were produced, antiparticles should be showering on our earth:

7 Our universe is full of matter, but not antimatter antimatter may have different properties from matter CPT symmetry may be violated in some level (C and CP violations are known to be violated) Planck mass can be a possible measure of the CPT violation(m =(hc/g) 1/2 ~ pl GeV/c ) Cannot be covered by accelerator science forever! high prescision experiments (the subject of this conference!) (m p /M pl )m p ~10-19 GeV p pl p ~10kHz S.Tomonaga once?? said with deep feeling that modern physics in these days is developing by torturing the nature to extract its secret.

8 (m m -m a )/m (q m +q a )/q (g m -g a )/g e - vs e + <8x10-9 <4x10-8 (-0.5±2.1)x10 05±21) p vs p <2x10-9 <2x10-9 (-2.4±2.9)x10-3 n vs n (9±5)x (m/q)/(m/q)~10-10, m~1gev/c 2 m~100mev/c 2 ~10 13 Hz Spectroscopic precision i of hydrogen atom experiments(hz) exp / th - exp / 1S-2S 2,466,061,413,187,103 (46) 1.7x x10-11 HF 1,420,405, (9) 7.0x10-13 (3.5±0.9)x10-6 FC 16 M p 3 m e p ( ) 2 c 3 M m M p g=2.002, QED, Zemach HF ~3.5ppm e p N Ry (~ MHz) H spectroscopy of GSHF and 1S-2S transitions

9 SME (Standard Model Extension, Kostelecky et al.) predicts that HFS has the 1 st order sensitivity to the CPT violation (not for 1S-2S). It is noted however, Lorentz invariance is simultaneously violated once the CPT symmetry is violated. 1 : (F,M) M)=(1,1) (0,0) 1) (0 0) 1 : (F,M)=(1,0) (0,0) R. Bluhm et al., PRL82(1999)2254 New theoretical framework..!?

10 Free Fall of antimatter a to matter

11 Accumulation of a large number of ps Accumulation of a large number of e + s Non-neutral Plasma handling Antihydrogen synthesis Antihydrogen handling (trapping, extraction) High precision Spectroscopy of few particles

12 AD ~3x10 7 ps/shot (every 100s, half year)

13 ATRAP ~10 5 ps/shot ASACUSA ALPHA ~10 6 ps/shot ~10 4 ps/shot ~2months

14 p accumulation 10 7 p/10 3 s Multi-Ring Trap

15 10 7 ps/100s, more users!?

16 Positron accumulation

17 Manipulation of trapped ps p cooling feature 29MHz e - :3x10 8 (3,0) p :1x10 6 (2,0) (1,0) 9MHz 0 30s 0 30s ~10 8 /cm /m 3 T~0.6eV t rise ~5sec t cool ~30sec cool Kuroda et al., Phys.Rev. Lett. 94 (2005)

18 Manipulation of trapped ps p compression with and without electrons Kuroda et al., PRL100(2008)203402, Andressen et al., PRL100(2008)203401

19 Manipulation of trapped ps Tank circuit signal Higaki et al.

20 Manipulation of trapped ps p is a very sensitive probe A tiny field non-uniformity causes particle diffusion Axial annihilation Radial annihilation distribution distribution M.Fujiwara et al., PRL92(2004)065005

21 Manipulation of trapped ps Slow extraction of ps Slow extraction as long as 30 sec

22 Manipulation of trapped ps MCP image of a slow extracted t ps

23 H synthesis (1) p + e + H + h (2) p +e + + nh H + (n+1)h (3) p + e + + e + H + e + (4) p + (e + e - ) H + e - (5) p + A H + e - + A Recoil ~( Ps /n 2 )m e /m p ~30K/n 2? Baur et al. Phys. Lett.B368(1996)251

24 H synthesis ATHENA 50000H Nature 419(2002)456 ATRAP H Phys.Rev,Lett89(2002) no H trapping mechanism, high Rydberg, high temperature A kind of archeology minimum B config. (-m B), cold p

25 H trapping:quadrupole & Octupole Usual neutral atom trap Quadrupole trap (Ioffe trap) Charged particles unstable higher multipole for uniform field near the center ALPHA: Octupole trap ATRAP: Quadrupole (+ Octupole)

26 H synthesis: Cusp trap Mimimum B Antihelmholtz coil + MRT 0.086meV H Minimum i B configuration Axially symmetric B and E fields Expected to trap ps and e + s stably as well as Hs!

27 Some properties of the cusp trap Found plasma mode Rotating wall compression Spheroid Ovoid Rigid rotor solution

28 H trapping Trap depth~ 0.7K/T for ground state H B alpha = 0.7T B atrap = 0.6T B cusp = (3.5T, 0.9T) Not only temperature itself, but coherent motion does matter! <T(K)>~7x10-13 (cm -3 ) 2 r(cm) 2 /B(T) 2 e.g., ~10 8 /cm 3, r~1mm,b=1t, <T>~70K Further, energetic H formation via charge transfer: T. Pohl, PRL97_143401

29 H trapping Automatic H cooling n=44,m=43 15K 400mK Strong g p g self-cooling! T.Pohl, H. R. Sadeghpour, Y.Nagata, Y.Yamazaki, PRL97(2006)213001

30 3 rd magnet p catching trap cusp magnet H catching trap 2 nd magnet e + catching trap

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32 H synthesis and spectroscopy: Cusp trap

33 H synthesis and spectroscopy: Two tone RF trap Linear RF p trap Two tone RF trap RFQD (under construction) Positron source Hori, Hayano, et al.

34 1S-2S in the trap: ~10 6 Hz / ~ 10-10, Hyperfine: ~10 3 Hz / ~ 10-6, Haensch and Zimmermann, Hyperfine Int. 76(93)47.

35 Free Fall: AEGIS collaboration a From AEGIS proposal

36 Free Fall: P.Perez (Sacley) J.Walz, et al., General relativity and gravitation 36(2004)561 H + 2(e + e - ) H + + 2e - (P.Perez) H + + Be + laser cooling H + + hv H + e +

37 Purpose H trap type ALPHA- ATRAP ASACUSA ASACUSA AEGIS- Sacley-RI ATHENA -MUSASHI -two tone approved KEN(LOI) CPT: 1S-2S CPT: 1S-2S 8-pole 4(8)- pole CPT: GSHF CPT: GSHF Gravity- Moire defl. Cusp B 07T 0.7T 06T 0.6T 09T 0.9T p accuml /shot 10 5 /shot 10 6 /hr Positron source 10 6 /shot 10 7 /10 3 s Surko Surko Compact Surko Gravityfree fall Surko Surko Surko H p+ e + p+e e +, p+e e + (p+e + ) (p+(e (e + e - )) ( p+(e + e - ) synthesis (e + e - ) H + ) H trapping In prog. In prog. Extraction (to be tried soon) - Extraction - extraction (sub K) - extraction ( K)

38 Future possibilities: Tabletop generator for p study p vs - p is expecgted to be more sensitive to the CPTV than H vs H Nagamine et al.

39 Future possibilities: ds p + p d + + (uud + uud uududd + ud) D.Moehl & K. Killian, H. Pilkuhn, H. Poth

40 Future possibilities: pri Nuclear surface structure probed with p M.Wada and Y.Yamazaki, NIMB 214 (2004) 196

41 Achieved till now 1989: accumulation ps (ATRAP) 2002: H synthesis (ATHENA, ATRAP) 2002: idea of the cusp trap (ASACUSA-MUSASHI) 2007: ~10 7 ps accumulated (ASACUSA-MUSASHI) 2009: evaporative cooling of ps (ALPHA) 2010: Hs from the Cusp Trap, H beam extraction? (ASACUSA-MUSASHI) H trap? (ALPHA, ATRAP) m p /m p < m p /m p via phe + spectroscopy (ASACUSA)? 2010 and beyond: H cooling, spectroscopy CPT symmetry test(hfs ( & 1s-2s) ) Surface structure of unstable nuclei via pri annihilation pattern (Wada, Yamazaki) Free fall of H (AEGIS, Sacley?)? Antimatter chemistry : H +, H 2+, H 2, etc. FLAIR somewhere - p vs + p (Nagamine) d, D,

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