SCIENCE ON TRACK SCIENCE ON TRACK 2017
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1 SCIENCE ON TRACK 2017
2 SECTION ONE: 1.0 FORCES FORCES ON A STATIONARY CAR Observe a stationary (i.e. not moving) car. Name two forces that act on a car when it is stationary. Represent these forces on the diagram above using force arrows. The force arrows should start on the car and point in the direction of the force. The length of the arrow indicates the size of the force. Complete the following statement by crossing out the incorrect term: Justify your answer. The forces on a stationary car are balanced/unbalanced. Conduct research to compare the mass of a Supercar to the mass of a commercially available car.
3 1.0.2 FORCES ON AN ACCELERATING CAR Observe a car that is accelerating. Name the forces that act on a car when it is accelerating. Represent these forces on the diagram above using force arrows. Complete the following statement by crossing out the incorrect term: The forces on an accelerating car are balanced/unbalanced. Justify your answer. Identify ways in which a Supercar team could try to increase the thrust accelerating the car. Identify ways in which a Supercar team could try to decrease the air resistance slowing down the car.
4 1.0.3 FORCES ON A DECELERATING CAR Observe a car that is braking. Name the forces that act on a Supercar when it is braking. Represent these forces on the diagram above using force arrows. Complete the following statement by crossing out the incorrect term: The forces on a decelerating car are balanced/unbalanced. Justify your answer. Identify ways in which a Supercar team could try to increase the friction used to brake the car. Identify any other ways in which a Supercar team could improve the performance of their car.
5 1.0.4 SIMPLE MACHINES Find examples of devices used in, on or around Supercars that use simple machines. Use the examples to complete the table below, identifying the purpose of the simple machine in each case by ticking the appropriate columns. Remember, a simple machine could be a lever (1 st, 2 nd or 3 rd class), inclined plane or wheel (e.g. gear or pulley). Example Type of simple machine Force multiplier Purpose of machine Speed multiplier Change direction of force
6 1.1 AIM To determine which type of car is fastest around a Supercar track. 1.2 HYPOTHESIS Propose a hypothesis that addresses this aim. In the hypothesis, clearly identify the types of car being compared predict which type of car is expected to be faster briefly justify the prediction, referring to ideas explored in the Introduction This hypothesis may need to be refined as more information becomes available Hypothesis: SECTION TWO: METHOD Using this aim of the investigation, identify the independent variable (i.e. the variable that will be changed) and the dependent variable (i.e. the variable to be measured). Independent variable: Dependent variable: List any other variables that could affect the speed of a car. These should be controlled (i.e. kept the same), if possible. In the list above, identify any variables that cannot be controlled by circling them.
7 Design a procedure to measure the time taken for a car to do one lap around the Supercar track. This lap time will need to be measured for at least 3 cars of each type. Write the method in the space below. List any equipment required. Discuss any safety risks associated with this experiment with your teacher.
8 SECTION THREE: RESULTS 3.1 DATA Record the data in the table below. Indicate the type of observed car in the title of each table. Car number Table 3.1.1: Lap times for Lap time (min : sec) (s) Notes Average lap time: Range of lap times: Car number Table 3.1.2: Lap times for Lap time (min : sec) (s) Notes Average lap time: Range of lap times:
9 3.1 DATA PROCESSING Calculate the mean lap time for the first type of car. Show you Calculate the median lap time for the first type of car. Show you Discuss which of these values is better as an average to represent these lap times. Record this value as the average lap time in the space at the bottom of the table. Show you Repeat this process for each type of car. Show you Calculate the range of the lap times for each type of car and record it in the space at the bottom of the table. Hint: the range is the difference between the fastest lap time and the slowest lap time. Show you
10 3.2 DATA TRANSFORMATION The average speed of a Supercar is measured by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken to travel that distance. The equation is average speed = distance time Choose appropriate pronumerals to represent these quantities and rewrite this equation using these pronumerals. Quantity average speed distance time Pronumeral Write the equation here Conduct research to determine the distance in kilometres a Supercar will travel by completing one lap of the circuit. d = km Convert this lap distance from kilometres to metres. (Show your working.) d = km = m Show your Substitute the lap distance and the mean lap time of each type of car into the equation you developed earlier to calculate the average speed of this car. State your answers in metres per second (m/s). Show your working below. Show your Convert these speeds into kilometres per hour (km/h). Hint: convert the distance back into km and convert the lap time into hours. Show your working below. Show your
11 3.4 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS Construct a graph showing the average speeds of each type of car. Consider which type of graph would best illustrate the difference between these average speeds. SECTION FOUR: DISCUSSION 4.1 ANALYSIS Compare the average speeds of each of the types of car. Compare these findings to the hypothesis. Explain how these findings can be explained in terms of the forces acting on each type of car.
12 4.2 EVALUATION Discuss the consistency of the lap time results for each car. Identify any anomalies or outliers. Propose at least one practical improvement or extension to the method. In each case, identify the problem or limitation in the method that the improvement would address.
13 SECTION FIVE: CONCLUSION 5.1 STATEMENT OF CONCLUSION Discuss whether the evidence collected suggests that one type of car is faster than another. Restate the average speed of each type of car. Compare these findings to the hypothesis. 5.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS List the names of any people who have helped in planning or conducting this investigation. 5.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY Acknowledge any secondary sources used by constructing a bibliography.
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