A brief survey on quantum computing
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1 A brief survey on quantum computing Edward Poon University of Ottawa Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
2 Outline Goal: Provide a high-level overview of what quantum computing is, including its history and applications. Overview: 1 Classical vs quantum computing 2 Timeline of quantum computing 3 Applications of quantum computing Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
3 Outline Goal: Provide a high-level overview of what quantum computing is, including its history and applications. Overview: 1 Classical vs quantum computing 2 Timeline of quantum computing 3 Applications of quantum computing Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
4 Outline Goal: Provide a high-level overview of what quantum computing is, including its history and applications. Overview: 1 Classical vs quantum computing 2 Timeline of quantum computing 3 Applications of quantum computing Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
5 Classical vs quantum computing Superposition Classical computers: bits are in the state 0 or 1. Quantum computers: qubits are in the state 0 or 1 or a superposition of the two. Example Three bits can be in one of eight states, but three qubits can be in a superposition of eight states. Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
6 Classical vs quantum computing Superposition Classical computers: bits are in the state 0 or 1. Quantum computers: qubits are in the state 0 or 1 or a superposition of the two. Example Three bits can be in one of eight states, but three qubits can be in a superposition of eight states. Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
7 Figure: David Deutsh Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7 Timeline of quantum computing 1980 Yuri Manin proposes idea of quantum computing 1981 Richard Feynman proposes model for a quantum computer 1982 Paul Benioff proposes theoretical framework for a quantum computer 1985 David Deutsh formulates a description for a quantum turing machine 1998 Jonathan Jones and Michelle Mosca succesfully run a quantum algorithm on a 2 qubit quantum computer
8 Applications of quantum computing Fields of applications Security Classical cryptography Post-quantum and quantum cryptography Scientific modelling Precision weather forecasting Medical science Artifical intelligence Autonomous cars Machine learning models Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
9 Applications of quantum computing Fields of applications Security Classical cryptography Post-quantum and quantum cryptography Scientific modelling Precision weather forecasting Medical science Artifical intelligence Autonomous cars Machine learning models Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
10 Applications of quantum computing Fields of applications Security Classical cryptography Post-quantum and quantum cryptography Scientific modelling Precision weather forecasting Medical science Artifical intelligence Autonomous cars Machine learning models Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
11 Applications of quantum computing Fields of applications Security Classical cryptography Post-quantum and quantum cryptography Scientific modelling Precision weather forecasting Medical science Artifical intelligence Autonomous cars Machine learning models Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
12 Quantum computing and the RSA cryptosystem Rivest-Shamir-Adleman cryptosystem (1977) Widely used public-key cryptosystem Easy to multiple two prime numbers together Hard to find prime factors of a larger number Shor s algorithm (Shor 1994) Finds the period of a function containing the RSA key and computes the greatest common divisor Factors an n-bit number in O(n 3 ) time Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
13 Quantum computing and the RSA cryptosystem Rivest-Shamir-Adleman cryptosystem (1977) Widely used public-key cryptosystem Easy to multiple two prime numbers together Hard to find prime factors of a larger number Shor s algorithm (Shor 1994) Finds the period of a function containing the RSA key and computes the greatest common divisor Factors an n-bit number in O(n 3 ) time Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
14 Summary More powerful than classical computers Many applications in different fields Current quantum computers have few qubits Recommended RSA key size: 2048 bits Largest number factored by a quantum computer: (16 bits) Fully functioning quantum computer with many qubits still a long-term goal Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
15 Summary More powerful than classical computers Many applications in different fields Current quantum computers have few qubits Recommended RSA key size: 2048 bits Largest number factored by a quantum computer: (16 bits) Fully functioning quantum computer with many qubits still a long-term goal Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
16 Summary More powerful than classical computers Many applications in different fields Current quantum computers have few qubits Recommended RSA key size: 2048 bits Largest number factored by a quantum computer: (16 bits) Fully functioning quantum computer with many qubits still a long-term goal Edward Poon (Ottawa) A brief survey on quantum computing March 19, / 7
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