Many-body Strong Field Physics: From Mott insulators to holographic QCD
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1 Many-body Strong Field Physics: From Mott insulators to holographic QCD Takashi Oka (U-Tokyo Applied Phys. Max Planck institute PKS & CPfS) Acknowledge T. Kitagawa (Harvard Rakuten), K. Hashimoto (RIKEN Osaka-U) A. Sonoda (Osaka-U), K. Murata (Keio-U), S. Kinoshita (Osaka city-u Chuo-U) 1
2 Contents 9 pages 1. Introduction 1.1 What is strong field physics? 1.2 Examples (Schwinger mechanism, Floquet physics) 14 pages 2. Study by gauge/gravity duality 2.1 Holographic QCD (D3D7 system) 2.2 Holographic dielectric breakdown 2.3 Holographic Floquet Weyl semimetal 2
3 Strong Field Physics in high energy physics Target: the vacuum Method: (1) Free electron laser (2) Heavy ion colliders (CERN, BNL) QED process e.g. electron/positron pair production QCD process e.g. quark/antiquark pair production, deconfinement 3
4 Strong Field Physics in condensed matter physics Target: materials Different materials host different universe graphene, TMD ~ 2+1D Dirac system Mott insulator ~ pseudo- confinement Ultrafast pump-probe, Time resolve ARPES animation by K. Tanaka (Kyoto) 4
5 Basic problems 1. Schwinger effect Schwinger 1951 = pair production by quantum tunneling in E-fields 2. Floquet physics = stationary noneq. state in periodic driving 5
6 1. Schwinger mechanism = pair production by quantum tunneling in E-fields Dirac particle: Schwinger 1951 (Heisenberg-Euler 1936, Zener 1932) Usual tunneling (1.a) Dielectric breakdown in a Mott insulator theory TO, Arita, Aoki PRL 03 experiment Mayer et al. PRB 15 (1.b) Schwinger mechanism in QCD Pull apart quark pairs Leads to deconfinement 6
7 Controversy in the dielectric breakdown in correlated insulators / exp gap E E-field Theory TO, Arita, Aoki PRL 03, Eckstein, TO, Werner PRL 10 VO2 experiment (THz laser) Mayer, TO, Leitenstorfer, Pashkin et al. PRB 15 Schwinger limit something happens down here as well.. filament creation Rozenberg, Inoue, Sanchez PRL 04 interface Mott transition TO Nagaosa PRL 05 0 avalanche Guiot, Rozenberg, et al. Nat. Com. 13 synaptic behavior exciton Mott transition (weak turbulence) equlibrium Mott insulator Hashimoto-Kinoshita-Murata-TO JHEP`14 7
8 2. Floquet physics = stationary noneq. state in periodic driving Classical example: Kapitza s inverted pendulum youtube Also possible in quantum many-body systems (sine-gordon model) 8 R. Citro, E. G. Dalla Torre, L. D Alessio, A. Polkovnikov, M. Babadi, TO, and E. Demler, 15
9 Floquet topological state Wave packet dynamics in a honeycomb lattice Without field With circularly polarized laser 9
10 Floquet topological state Topological Hall effect by circularly polarized laser Experiment 1 Laser induced Hall effect in graphene Karch et al. (Ganichev@Regensburg) PRL 10, 11 Experiment 2 Photonic Floquet topological insulator Rechtsman et al. Nature 13 TO, Aoki PRB 09 Kitagawa, TO, Fu, Brataas, Demler PRB 11 Floquet Chern insulator Experiment 3 Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator Wang et al. (Gedik MIT) Science 13 Related theory papers: Lindner et al. Nat. Phys. 11, 10
11 Haldane s Drift measurement Model of QHE ~ conductivity without LL (1988) ETH group, Nature 14 local magnetic field φ AB-level offset m 11
12 Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 What is strong field physics? 1.2 Examples (Schwinger mechanism, Floquet physics) 2. Study by gauge/gravity duality 2.1 Holographic QCD (D3D7 system) 2.2 Holographic dielectric breakdown 2.3 Holographic Floquet Weyl semimetal 12
13 3-2 Slide by Koji Hashimoto Superstring: better than simulations? Superstring meson spectrum (holographic QCD) La#ce QCD [Brower,Mathur,Tan (03)] [Morningstar,Peardon (99)]
14 Our team and motivation string theory general relativity K. Hashimoto A. Sonoda posters K. Murata S. Kinoshita condensed matter T. Oka New phenomena in string theory Dynamics of extended Black holes Effect of correlation in noneq. quantum dynamics Holography is our link 14
15 N=2 super symmetric QCD (large N c limit) quark gluon q q + interaction mediated by gluons 3+1d Dirac fermion 15
16 Proposed phase diagram of QCD (Fukushima, Hatsuda,..) Are you bad enough? Probably yes Bad guys: cuprate, manganites, organics, e.g. S-shape IV in the Hadron phase S. Nakamura PTP 10, PRL 12 16
17 SUSY Yang Mills: Maldecena 99 SUSY QCD: Karch Katz 02 Sakai Sugimoto 04 D3/D7 configuration (string theory) gauge theory side SUSY QCD quark gluon q q D7-brane glueball low energy D3-brane quark glueball review: Erdmenger et al Kim et al
18 SUSY Yang Mills: Maldecena 99 SUSY QCD: Karch Katz 02 Sakai Sugimoto 04 D7-brane gravity theory side D3-brane Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action governs the classical fluctuation review: Erdmenger et al Kim et al
19 gauge theory side strong coupling limit of SUSY QCD quark q gluon glueball q Gauge/Gravity duality SUSY Yang Mills: Maldecena 99 SUSY QCD: Karch Katz 02 Sakai Sugimoto 04 gravity theory side classical fluctuation of D-branes Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action governs the classical fluctuation review: Erdmenger et al Kim et al
20 Equation of motion cf Maxwell equation L = 1 4 F µ F µ nonlinear Maxwell equation + AdS µ F µ =0 * The actual equations are much more complicated general relativity K. Murata S. Kinoshita 20
21 Static IV-characteristics in holographic QCD S-shape IV in the Hadron phase first obtained by S. Nakamura PTP 10, PRL 12 S-shape IV Hashimoto-Kinoshita-Murata-TO JHEP`14 VO2 experiment (THz laser) Mayer, TO, Leitenstorfer, Pashkin et al. PRB 15 Hubbard model (noneq.dmft) Eckstein, TO, Werner PRL 10 E cr QCD Schwinger limit = confining force q q E 21
22 E-field E-field quench above the Schwinger limit Hashimoto-Kinoshita-Murata-TO JHEP`14 Hubbard model (noneq.dmft) Eckstein, TO, Werner PRL 10 E > E cr finite current time 22
23 E-field quench in subcritical fields Hashimoto-Kinoshita-Murata-TO JHEP`14 very weak field E < E cr moderate field time time coherent oscillation of mesons (excitons) indication of deconfinement 23
24 E-field phase diagram of N=2 SQCD Hashimoto-Kinoshita-Murata-TO JHEP`14 Excited excitons (mesons) screens the attractive force ramp speed 24
25 Summary Holography is a powerful tool in nonequilibrium physics 1. Dielectric breakdown in QCD and Mott insulator 2. Floquet state (Holographic Floquet Weyl semimetal) It is also important to develop reliable condensed matter theories and compare, e.g. noneq. DMFT. Aoki, Tsuji, Eckstein, Kollar, TO, Werner, RMP 14 25
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