Optical Remote Sensing with DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)
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1 Optical emote Sesig with DIffeetial Absopti Lida DIAL Pat : Theoy histoph Seff IES Uivesity of oloado & OAA/ESL/SD/Atmospheic emote Sesig Goup Guest lectue fo ASE-6365 Lida emote Sesig U Boulde Apil 0 06
2 Outlie Ø DIAL ccept Ø A shot histoy of DIAL Ø DIAL equati Ø Pecisi & accuacy of DIAL etieval Ø Dual-DIAL techique
3
4 Atmospheic gases measued with DIAL H O O 3 SO O O H 3 H 4 O Hg VOs Volatile Ogaic ompouds Toluee Bezee
5 Fist DIAL measuemets ichad M. Schotlad The fathe of DIAL 964 Measued vetical pofiles of wate vapo by themally tuig a uby lase ad the wate vapo absopti lie at m. Oly 4 yeas afte iveti of uby lase!
6 Majo milestes i the histoy of DIAL Maima: Iveti of the lase Shumate & Mezies: Fist Aiboe DIAL colum O 3 Bowell: Fist automous DIAL LASE H 0 DIAL E- aicaft Space-based DIAL Peset?? Schotlad: Fist H O DIAL measuemets Megie: Fist O 3 DIAL Bowell: Fist aiboe H O DIAL
7 Exticti coefficiet: α " # m $ % Optical depth / thickess: efeshe τ 0 α d Tasmissi: T exp τ [ ] exp α d # $% 0 & '
8 DIAL equati [ ] [ ] + + i i abs mol Tot B Tot L S i with G d A 0 exp α α η α β [ ] d d d G G m i X X X L L B S B S i i i exp exp exp α α β η β η Sigle scatteig elastic backscatte LIDA equati: Take atio of LIDA equatis fo lie ad lie wavelegths ad : umbe desity of cstituet
9 DIAL equati d d l # & S B % $ S B ' d d l G G d d l β β [ GF] [ B] #$ α α & ' [ E] m i Xi Xi [ X] with GF diffeetial geometical facto B diffeetial backscatte E diffeetial exticti X itefeig cstituets
10 How to choose a appopiate absopti lie fo DIAL S exp 0 d Exticti of lie wavelegth due to absopti by cstituet must be eithe too small o too lage. S Absopti too stg S Absopti too weak Best pecisi i whe: τ max max d. 0 emsbeg & Godley 978
11 How to choose a appopiate absopti lie fo DIAL max max 0 Example: Oze τ d. Fo m O 3 O 3 80ppbv O 3 max o. O 3 0 O 3 8 m 3 ad max km: m 88 m 99 m
12 Pecisi of DIAL measuemets Simple back of the evelope calculati: Eve modest pecisi of 5% equies high S. S ca be iceased by aveagig /lie sigals time- ad age-wise. 400! 5% 0.05 : l + + S Example S S S S with S with j i j i j i B S δ τ δ τ τ δ δ δ δ δ : t ad t S t Sice S Poiss statistics δ δ
13 Accuacy of DIAL measuemets d d l # & S B % $ S B ' d d l G G d d l β β [ GF] [ B] #$ α α & ' [ E] m i Xi Xi [ X] Accuacy affected by: Ø How well is absopti coss secti kow? Ø Impope coecti of sigal sets e.g. backgoud light Ø Geometical facto diffeet fo ad Ø Diffeetial backscatte & exticti ot popely coected Ø Itefeig species ot take ito accout
14 Accuacy of DIAL measuemets Diffeetial geometical facto: d d l G G [ GF] G G G G ; G < Effect of diffeetial geometical facto O 3 etieval
15 Accuacy of DIAL measuemets 3 Diffeetial backscatte & exticti: d d β l β [ B] [ α α ] [ E] β β ayleigh + β Aeosol α α ayleigh + α Aeosol 88 m Ø Fo oze DIAL etieval backscatte ad exticti coecti is ecessay due to lage. 99 m Ø β Aeosol ad α Aeosol have to be detemied fom lie sigal data ad wavelegth depedece of β ad α have to be guessed.
16 Accuacy of DIAL measuemets 4 β Aeosol simulati O 3 etieval simulati Wg assumptis about aeosol paametes ca itoduce sigificat eos i O 3 etieval!
17 Dual-DIAL ccept 3 DIAL wavelegth pais: / ad / 3
18 Dual-DIAL miimizes aeosol itefeece [ ] [ ] [ ] * * * * 0 ' ' / : / : ' ' l l l l S S S S fo E B pai DIAL pai DIAL with E B d d d d δ α α α α δ β β β β δ δ Ø o coecti of diffeetial aeosol effects eeded ad esidual eos ae small. Ø Howeve pecisi of DIAL etieval is degaded.
19 Dual-DIAL miimizes aeosol itefeece O 3 etieval simulati
20 DIAL histoy slides 5-6 Selected efeeces Schotlad. M. 974: Eos i the Lida Measuemet of Atmospheic Gases by Diffeetial Absopti J. Appl. Meteool Shumate M. S.. T. Mezies W. B. Gat ad D. S. McDougal 98: Lase Absopti Spectomete: emote Measuemet of Topospheic Oze Appl. Opt Pel J. ad G. Megie 98: Oze Mitoig i the Toposphee ad Lowe Statosphee: Evaluati ad Opeati of a Goud-Based Lida Stati J. Geophys. es Megie G. J. G. Acellet ad J. Pel 985: Lida Measuemets of Oze Vetical Pofiles Appl. Opt Bowell E. V. S. Ismail W. B. Gat 998: Diffeetial Absopti Lida DIAL Measuemets fom Ai ad Space Appl. Phys. B Ismail S. E. V. Bowell. A. Feae S. A. Kooi M. B. layt V. G. Backett ad P. B. ussell 000: LASE Measuemets of Aeosol ad Wate Vapo Pofiles Duig TAFOX J. Geophys. es. 05 D How to choose a DIAL absopti lie? slides 0 - emsbeg E. E. ad L. L. Godley 978: Aalysis of Diffeetial Absopti Lida fom the Space Shuttle Appl. Opt Aeosol coecti & DUAL-DIAL slides 5-9 Bowell E. V. S. Ismail ad S. T. Shipley 985: Ultaviolet DIAL measuemets of O3 pofiles i egis of spatially ihomogeeous aeosols Appl. Opt Wag Z. H. akae H. Hu ad J. Zhou 997: Thee-Wavelegth Dual Diffeetial Absopti Lida Method fo Statospheic Oze Measuemets i the Pesece of Volcaic Aeosols Appl. Opt
Optical Remote Sensing with DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)
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