Optical dispersion characterization of NiO thin films prepared by nebulized spray technique
|
|
- Phillip Berry
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Iteratial Jural f ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : Vl.6, N.3, pp , Nvember 04 MESC 04 [4th -5 th September 04] Natial Cferece Material fr Eergy Strage ad Cversi- 04 Optical dispersi characterizati f NiO thi films prepared by ebulized spray techique V. Gwthami, M.Meeakshi, P. Perumal, R. Sivakumar, C. Sajeeviraja 3 * Departmet f Physics, Alagappa Gvt. Arts Cllege, Karaikudi , Idia. AlagappaUiversity, Karaikudi , Idia. 3 Departmet f Physics, ACCET, Karaikudi , Idia. *Crres.authr: sajeeviraja@rediffmail.cm Abstract : Nickel xide (NiO) thi films were prepared by ebulized spray pyrlysis (NSP) techique. The films are havig mre uifrm thickess ad there is pihle. Nickel xide thi films have bee depsited usig 0.3M aqueus sluti f ickel chlride NiCl.6H O t micrscpic glass substrates, which were chemically ad ultrasically cleaed befre catig. The film depsitis are carried ut at varius substrate temperatures frm 350 t 450 C i 50 C step.the ptical prperties f the NiO films were studied usig UV- Vis-NIR spectrmeter. It is fud that icrease i the substrate temperature the trasmittace decreases, csequetly the bad-gap eergy waes frm 3.54eV t 3.37eV. The refractive idex ad the exticti cefficiet have bee calculated frm the ptical measuremets. The dispersi f the refractive idex is discussed i terms f the Wemple-DiDmeic sigle-scillatr mdel. The scillatr parameters such as ptical dispersi eergies, dielectric cstat, the average value f scillatr stregth, wavelegth f sigle scillatr ad plasma frequecy have bee evaluated. Keywrds: NiO thi film, refractive idices, dispersi f the refractive idex.. Itrducti Nickel xide may exist i varius frms like NiO, NiO, NiO 4 ad Ni O 3. Amg them NiO is a atiferrmagetic material with a desity f 6.67 g/cm 3 ad havig a cubic structure. Bulk ickel xide (NiO) has a very high resistivity ad a high meltig pit (~000 C) suggestig that it ca be used i high temperature applicatis. NiO shws p-type semicductivity whe it is heated i air due t the geerati f Ni + vacacies it the NiO structure[].nio thi films have bee fabricated by varius physical ad chemical depsiti techiques, such as reactive sputterig[], spray pyrlysis[3], sl-gel[4] ad plasma-ehaced chemical vapr depsitis[5], electr beam evaprati[6]. NSP techique is a very easy, lw cst, safe, cheap, -vacuum system f depsiti methd[7], fr preparig trasparet cductig xides whe cmpared with the ther techique. The advatage f NSP ver cvetial peumatic sprayig is its lw material csumpti with better ctrl f the spray ad lw carrier gas flw, which allws thedepsiti f very thi layers f uifrm thickess[7]. Recetly, the ptical prperties are ecessary t study ptelectric devices that use semicductr thi films ad iterferece devices (atireflecti catig, laser mirrrs ad mchrmatic filters). The ptical cstats f thi films prvide us the ifrmati ccerig with micrscpic characteristics f the material. I this wrk the ptical cstats f NiO thi films were iflueced by the substrate temperature (T s ) depsited
2 V.Gwthami et al /It.J. ChemTech Res.04,6(3),pp by simple NSP techique, whereas the ptical absrpti parameters, such as ptical dispersi eergies, dielectric cstat, the average values f scillatr stregth, wavelegth f sigle scillatr, plasma frequecy, etc., had bee calculated uder the effect f substrate temperature.. Experimetal Nickel xide thi films had bee depsited frm 0.3M aqueus sluti f ickel chlride NiCl.6H O by ebulizer techique t micrscpic glass substrates, which were chemically ad ultrasically cleaed befre catig. This techique has sme advatages such as a atmizati based hydraulic pressure withut usig ay carrier gas, itermittet sprayig ad fie atmizati. Durig the film depsiti the substrate temperature was kept at 350 C, 400 C ad 450 C. The vlume f the sluti fr each depsiti was 0 ml. Oly the small amut was csumed ad 0 mis was ecessary fr sprayig 5 ml i.e 0.5 ml per mi. The zzle t substrate distace was ~7 cm ad the ptimized air flw rate was. kg/cm. After depsiti, the films were allwed t cl slwly t rm temperature. NiO thi film prperties were studied, the substrate temperature was kept at 350 C, 400 C ad 450 C. The ptical trasmittace ad bad gap were demstrated by Ocea Optics HR-000 (USA) UV-Vis-NIR spectrphtmeter. 3. Results ad discussi 3. Optical trasmittace ad Eergy Bad gap Optical trasmittace f the films depsited at varius substrate temperatures are shw i Fig.. The ptical trasmittace spectrum is recrded frm 300 t 00 m wavelegth regis. Trasmittace spectrum idicates that the trasmittace decreases as film thickess icreases; the trasmittace is varied frm 30% t 90% as the film thickess is decreased. The ptical bad gap f the film was evaluated frm the relati h h g () where is equal t ½ ad fr direct ad idirect trasitis respectively, A is a prprtiality cstat, E g is ptical eergy bad gap ad is absrpti cefficiet. The ptical absrpti cefficiet is calculated usig the fllwig expressi, = t lt () Frm the plts f ( h ) versus h direct bad gap was fud (Fig..) by extraplatig the liear prti f the curve t eergy axis fr ( h ) = 0. The curves idicate the values f the direct bad gap. The eergy bad gap values are fud as 3.54, 3.43 ad 3.37 ev fr the NiO thi films with icreasig the substrate temperature frm 350, 400 ad 450 C, which is i gd agreemet with the reprted bad gap values f ev fr NiO films[8]. Fig.. Trasmittace spectra f NiO thi films Fig.. ( h ) versus h plt f NiO thi films
3 V.Gwthami et al /It.J. ChemTech Res.04,6(3),pp Optical cstats Refractive idex is a imprtat parameter fr ptical materials desig ad it icludes valuable ifrmati fr higher efficiecy ptical materials, because it is clsely related t the electric plarizati f is ad the lcal field iside materials. The cmplex refractive idex (*) ca be expressed as[9]. * ik (3) Here, the real part f the refractive idex () ad imagiary part (k) ca be calculated usig the fllwig relatis. R R 4R ( R) k (4) k 4 (5) Where, R is the reflectace f the film ad is the wavelegth f the icidet beam. Fig.3. shws the spectral variati f the refractive idex as a fucti f wavelegth at varius substrate temperatures. It ca be see that the maximum value f refractive idex (=~.8 at T s = 450 C) at very lw wavelegth, =300m (strg absrpti regi), was bserved i all samples. The behavir f refractive idex has a higher value at very lw wavelegth (strg absrpti). This is due t the quality betwee the frequecy f icidet electrmagetic radiati ad the plasma frequecy f electrs. This leads t the cuplig f electrs i NiO films t the scillatig electric field. Fig.4 shws the variati f exticti cefficiet as a fucti f wavelegth at varius substrate temperatures. I the visible regi, it idicates the better surface hmgeeity f depsited NiO thi film [0]. The icrease i k value with icrease i substrate temperature may be due t surface rughess f the film, which ehaced the scatterig lsses thereby reducig the trasmittig ability. This iferece is csistet with ur bserved ptical trasmittace spectra decrease with icrease f substrate temperature. I geeral, the idex f refracti is higher fr shrter wavelegths f light ad decreases mtically with icreasig wavelegth.hwever, sme highly clred materials exhibit abrmal dispersi fr thse wavelegths f light that are strgly absrbed. Further, it may be metied that the refractive idex ad exticti cefficiet deped the atmic desity ad atmic masses f each cmpet elemet. The refractive idex is high fr crystallie material tha the amrphus e. This is due t the lwer atmic desity f each elemet i the amrphus state because f the higher average iteratmic distace. Fig. 3.Refractive idex () f NiO thi films Fig. 4.Exticti cefficiet (k) f NiO thi films as a fucti f wavelegth ( ) as a fucti f wavelegth ( ) 3.3 Dielectric cstats The calculated refractive idex is used fr the estimati f high frequecy dielectric cstat by adptig tw prcedures[]: The first, describes the ctributi f the free carriers ad lattice vibrati mdes f the dispersi, while the secd prcedure is based up the dispersi arisig frm the bud carriers i a empty lattice. Hwever, bth prcedures were emplyed fr btaiig lattice high frequecy
4 V.Gwthami et al /It.J. ChemTech Res.04,6(3),pp dielectric cstat. The fllwig equati shws the relati betwee the lattice dielectric cstat ( L=), wavelegth ( ) ad refractive idex () []. () e N 4 c m * (6) where L is the lattice dielectric cstat, e is the electric charge, c is the velcity f light, is the permittivity f free space (8.854 x 0 - F/m), N is the free carrier ccetrati ad m* is the effective mass f the charge carriers. The ature f the dispersi f as a fucti f wavelegth (λ ) fr differet substrate temperatures are shw i Fig.5 which verifies the liearity f the abve said expressi (6). The itercept f the straight lie t X-axis (λ =0) gives the value f lattice dielectric cstat (ε L ). Whereas the slpe f the graph results the N/m* ad these values are preseted i Table.Mahmud et al. reprted that the lattice high frequecy dielectric cstat varies frm 3.34 t 3.54 ad N/m* lies betwee 6.5 x 0 40 ad 5.49 x 0 4 cm -3 g -, fr spray pyrlysisednio thi films. A characteristic frequecy at which the material chages frm a metallic t a dielectric respse is the plasma frequecy (ω p ). I this frequecy, the real part f dielectric fucti vaishes. The plasma resace frequecy (ω p ) f all valece electrs ivlved i the ptical trasitis was calculated usig the fllwig relati ad reprted i Table. p e N / m * (7) Accrdig t this relati, plasma frequecy depeds the ccetrati f free carriers. The plasma resace frequecy icreases with icreasig the substrate temperature.determiati f the dielectric cstat culd be defied usig the dispersi relati f the icidet pht. The refractive idex was als fitted usig a fucti fr extraplati twards shrter wavelegth. The Mss mdel[] stated that: the free carriers ctributi t dispersi are relatively small. This meas that data crrespdig t the wavelegth rage lyig belw the absrpti edge f the material has t be used[].the prperties f the ivestigated NiOculd be treated as a sigle scillatr at wavelegth λ at high frequecy. The fllwig equati is used t calculate the high frequecy dielectric cstat ε, S (8) ( / ) where S is the average scillatr stregth ad λ is a average scillatr wavelegth. The equati (8) ca be expressed i a sigle term Sellmeier scillatr with the refractive idex as[3] (9) where is the static refractive idex, which prvides a gd idicati the structure ad desity f the material. The abve equati (9) ca be used t calculate high frequecy dielectric cstat (ε ). Hwever, accrdig t Mss mdel, the free carriers ctributis t dispersi are relatively small, which meas that the data crrespdig t the wavelegth rage lyig belw the absrpti edge have t be used t evaluate ε. Hece the graph betwee ( -) - ad λ - as a fucti f substrate temperature is shw i Fig.6.The itersecti with ( -) - axis is ad hece, at λ is equal t high frequecy dielectric cstat (ε ). The btaied λ ad S values are fud t be cmparable with the bserved NiO thi films depsited by spray pyrlysis at varius substrate temperatures[].
5 V.Gwthami et al /It.J. ChemTech Res.04,6(3),pp Fig. 5.Plt f versus Table : fr NiO thi films Fig. 6.Plt f ( -) - versus - fr NiO thi films Dispersi parameters f NiO thi films prepared at varius substrate temperatures E Ts C ε L ε N/m*x p (H λ 0 S 0 x0-3 E d E g E 0 /E g M - M (cm - g - ) z)x0 8 (m) - 0 (ev) (ev) (ev) (ev) Dispersi eergy parameter The dispersi f refractive idex fr NiO films was aalyzed usig the ccept f the sigle scillatr ad ca be expressed by Wemple ad Di-Dmeic (WD) mdel[4]. I this mdel, the refractive idex data have bee examied belw the iter-bad absrpti edge, where the rmal dispersi f the ptical dielectric cstat f the material ad the eergy depedece f refractive idex satisfy the relati, E EEd ( h ) (0) where E=h is the pht eergy. is the average scillatr eergy (a average f the ptical bad gap) ad E d is the dispersi eergy parameter f the material that measures the average stregth f iter-bad ptical trasitis. A plt f ( -) - versus (h ) f NiO depsited films fr varius substrate temperatures is shw i Fig. 7. It is clear that, the effect f substrate temperature the refractive idex ad semicductr dispersi prfiles were exhibited a liear displacemet i the shape f the dispersi prfile with decreasig refractive idex. The refractive idex value declies twards lger wavelegths. This is due t the ifluece f lattice absrpti. The values f E d ad E are btaied frm the itercepts, ad slps f the curves ad preseted i the Table. The variati f E d ad E with varius substrate temperatures is shw i Fig. 7. The values f E was fud t be decreased with icreasig the substrate temperature, while the values f E d icreased with icreasig the substrate temperature. The scillatr eergy, E is related t the ptical bad gap (E g ) by E.5E g, as suggested by WD mdel[4]. It is evidet frm Table that the average rati f E /E g.5, which shws a agreemet with this relati. A simple cecti betwee the sigle-scillatr parameters f E ad E d ad the statistical weightig f the imagiary part f the dielectric cstat ε, ca be expressed i terms f mmets f the ε as fllws[5] M M E () 3
6 V.Gwthami et al /It.J. ChemTech Res.04,6(3),pp M E d () M 3 The scillatr eergy E is idepedet f the scale f ε the evaluated values f M vary frm 3.04 t 3.93 (dimesiless) ad M 3 lies betwee 0. ad 0.5 (ev) (Table ). Fig. 7.Plt f ( -) - versus (h ) fr NiO thi films 4. Cclusi Nickel xide thi film was prepared glass substrate by simple ebulized spray pyrlysis (NSP) techique usig ickel chlride (NiCl.6H O) sluti at varius substrate temperatures. The ptical trasmittace decreases, csequetly the ptical bad gap eergy f NiO film decreases frm 3.54 ev t 3.37 ev with icrease i substrate temperature. I additi, ptical cstats, dielectric cstats, eergy dispersi parameter usig WD mdel, scillatr eergy, lattice eergy are crrelated betwee btaied data ad reprted values. Ackwledgemet Oe f the authrs (Prf. C. Sajeeviraja) deeply thaks the Cucil f Scietific ad Idustrial Research, New Delhi, Idia fr sactiig Emeritus Scietist Scheme. Refereces. Das NS, Saha B, hapa R, Das GC, Chattpadhyay KK. Bad gap wideig f acrystallie ickel xide thi films via phsphrus dpig, Bad gap wideig f acrystallie ickel xide thi films via phsphrus dpig.physics E, 00, 4; Zhu Y, Gu DH, Geg YY, Ga FX. Thermal, structural ad ptical prperties f NiOx thi films depsited by reactive dc-magetr sputterig. Mater Sci. Eg. B, 006, 35; Reguig BA, Khelil A, Catti L, Mrsli M, Berede JC. Prperties f NiO thi films depsited by itermittet spray pyrlysis prcess.appl. Surf. Sci., 007, 53; Park YR, Kim KJ. Sl gel preparati ad ptical characterizati f NiO ad Ni x Z x O thi films. J. Cryst. Grwth, 003, 58; Yeh WC, Matsumura M. Chemical vapr depsiti f ickel xide films frm bis-π-cyclpetadieylickel. Jp. J. Appl. Phys., 997, 36; Subramaia B, Ibrahim MM, Murali KR, Vidhya VS, Sajeeviraja C, Jayachadra M. Structural, ptelectric ad electrchemical prperties f ickel xide films.j. Mater Sci. Mater Electr., 009, 0; Gwthami V, Perumal P, Sivakumar R, Sajeeviraja C. Structural ad ptical studies ickel xide thi film prepared by ebulizer techique. Physica B, 04, 45; Puspharajah P, Radhakrisha S, Arf AK. Trasparet cductig lithium-dped ickel xide thi films by spray pyrlysis techique.j. Mater. Sci., 997, 3; El-Ghamaz NA, El-Sabati AZ, Diab MA, El-Bidary AA, Seyam HA. Optical prperties f thermally evaprated 4-(4-itrbezalideeami) atipyrie Schiff base thi films. Slid State Sci., 03, 9;9-6.
7 V.Gwthami et al /It.J. ChemTech Res.04,6(3),pp Tigau N, Ciupia V, Rusu GI, Prda G. Vasile E. Ifluece f substrate temperature the structural ad ptical prperties f Sb S 3 thi films.rm. J. Phys., 005, 50; Mahmud SA, Alshmer S, Mu ad. Structural ad Optical Dispersi Characterisati f Sprayed Nickel Oxide Thi Films. J. Md. Phys., 0, ; Usha KS, Sivakumar R, Sajeeviraja C. Optical cstat ad dispersi eergy parameter f NiO thi films prepared by radi frequecy magetr sputterig techique. J. Appl. Phy., 03, 4; Abdel-Baki M, Wahab FAA, El-Diasty F. Mater. Optical characterizati f xtio (60 x)sio 40Na O glasses: I. Liear ad liear dispersi prperties.chem. Phys., 006, 96; Wemple SH, DiDmeic M. Behavir f the Electric Dielectric Cstat i Cvalet ad Iic Materials. Phys. Rev. B, 97, 3; Caglar M, Ilica S, Calga Y, Sahi Y, Yakuphaglu F, Hur D. A spectrelectrchemical study sigle-scillatr mdel ad ptical cstats f sulfatedplyailiefilm.spectrchim. Acta, 008,7; *****
Quantum Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers. David Miller
Quatum Mechaics fr Scietists ad Egieers David Miller Time-depedet perturbati thery Time-depedet perturbati thery Time-depedet perturbati basics Time-depedet perturbati thery Fr time-depedet prblems csider
More informationCold mirror based on High-Low-High refractive index dielectric materials
Cld mirrr based High-Lw-High refractive idex dielectric materials V.V. Elyuti.A. Butt S.N. Khia Samara Natial Research Uiversity 34 skvske Shsse 443086 Samara Russia Image Prcessig Systems Istitute Brach
More informationSound Absorption Characteristics of Membrane- Based Sound Absorbers
Purdue e-pubs Publicatis f the Ray W. Schl f Mechaical Egieerig 8-28-2003 Sud Absrpti Characteristics f Membrae- Based Sud Absrbers J Stuart Blt, blt@purdue.edu Jih Sg Fllw this ad additial wrks at: http://dcs.lib.purdue.edu/herrick
More informationAxial Temperature Distribution in W-Tailored Optical Fibers
Axial Temperature Distributi i W-Tailred Optical ibers Mhamed I. Shehata (m.ismail34@yah.cm), Mustafa H. Aly(drmsaly@gmail.cm) OSA Member, ad M. B. Saleh (Basheer@aast.edu) Arab Academy fr Sciece, Techlgy
More informationPhysical Chemistry Laboratory I CHEM 445 Experiment 2 Partial Molar Volume (Revised, 01/13/03)
Physical Chemistry Labratry I CHEM 445 Experimet Partial Mlar lume (Revised, 0/3/03) lume is, t a gd apprximati, a additive prperty. Certaily this apprximati is used i preparig slutis whse ccetratis are
More informationSolutions. Definitions pertaining to solutions
Slutis Defiitis pertaiig t slutis Slute is the substace that is disslved. It is usually preset i the smaller amut. Slvet is the substace that des the disslvig. It is usually preset i the larger amut. Slubility
More informationWEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY PLASMA PHYSICS GROUP INTERNAL REPORT PL - 045 Mea Optical epth ad Optical Escape Factr fr Helium Trasitis i Helic Plasmas R.F. Bivi Nvember 000 Revised March 00 TABLE OF CONTENT.0
More informationThermodynamic study of CdCl 2 in 2-propanol (5 mass %) + water mixture using potentiometry
Thermdyamic study f CdCl 2 i 2-prpal (5 mass %) + water mixture usig ptetimetry Reat Tmaš, Ađelka Vrdljak UDC: 544.632.4 Uiversity f Split, Faculty f Chemistry ad Techlgy, Teslia 10/V, HR-21000 Split,
More informationChapter 3.1: Polynomial Functions
Ntes 3.1: Ply Fucs Chapter 3.1: Plymial Fuctis I Algebra I ad Algebra II, yu ecutered sme very famus plymial fuctis. I this secti, yu will meet may ther members f the plymial family, what sets them apart
More informationENGI 4421 Central Limit Theorem Page Central Limit Theorem [Navidi, section 4.11; Devore sections ]
ENGI 441 Cetral Limit Therem Page 11-01 Cetral Limit Therem [Navidi, secti 4.11; Devre sectis 5.3-5.4] If X i is t rmally distributed, but E X i, V X i ad is large (apprximately 30 r mre), the, t a gd
More informationStudy in Cylindrical Coordinates of the Heat Transfer Through a Tow Material-Thermal Impedance
Research ural f Applied Scieces, Egieerig ad echlgy (): 9-63, 3 ISSN: 4-749; e-issn: 4-7467 Maxwell Scietific Orgaiati, 3 Submitted: uly 4, Accepted: September 8, Published: May, 3 Study i Cylidrical Crdiates
More informationExamination No. 3 - Tuesday, Nov. 15
NAME (lease rit) SOLUTIONS ECE 35 - DEVICE ELECTRONICS Fall Semester 005 Examiati N 3 - Tuesday, Nv 5 3 4 5 The time fr examiati is hr 5 mi Studets are allwed t use 3 sheets f tes Please shw yur wrk, artial
More informationBIO752: Advanced Methods in Biostatistics, II TERM 2, 2010 T. A. Louis. BIO 752: MIDTERM EXAMINATION: ANSWERS 30 November 2010
BIO752: Advaced Methds i Bistatistics, II TERM 2, 2010 T. A. Luis BIO 752: MIDTERM EXAMINATION: ANSWERS 30 Nvember 2010 Questi #1 (15 pits): Let X ad Y be radm variables with a jit distributi ad assume
More informationD.S.G. POLLOCK: TOPICS IN TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS STATISTICAL FOURIER ANALYSIS
STATISTICAL FOURIER ANALYSIS The Furier Represetati f a Sequece Accrdig t the basic result f Furier aalysis, it is always pssible t apprximate a arbitrary aalytic fucti defied ver a fiite iterval f the
More informationMulti-objective Programming Approach for. Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems
Applied Mathematical Scieces Vl. 7 03. 37 8-87 HIKARI Ltd www.m-hikari.cm Multi-bective Prgrammig Apprach fr Fuzzy Liear Prgrammig Prblems P. Padia Departmet f Mathematics Schl f Advaced Scieces VIT Uiversity
More informationStudy of Energy Eigenvalues of Three Dimensional. Quantum Wires with Variable Cross Section
Adv. Studies Ther. Phys. Vl. 3 009. 5 3-0 Study f Eergy Eigevalues f Three Dimesial Quatum Wires with Variale Crss Secti M.. Sltai Erde Msa Departmet f physics Islamic Aad Uiversity Share-ey rach Ira alrevahidi@yah.cm
More informationA New Method for Finding an Optimal Solution. of Fully Interval Integer Transportation Problems
Applied Matheatical Scieces, Vl. 4, 200,. 37, 89-830 A New Methd fr Fidig a Optial Sluti f Fully Iterval Iteger Trasprtati Prbles P. Padia ad G. Nataraja Departet f Matheatics, Schl f Advaced Scieces,
More information[1 & α(t & T 1. ' ρ 1
NAME 89.304 - IGNEOUS & METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY DENSITY & VISCOSITY OF MAGMAS I. Desity The desity (mass/vlume) f a magma is a imprtat parameter which plays a rle i a umber f aspects f magma behavir ad evluti.
More information5.1 Two-Step Conditional Density Estimator
5.1 Tw-Step Cditial Desity Estimatr We ca write y = g(x) + e where g(x) is the cditial mea fucti ad e is the regressi errr. Let f e (e j x) be the cditial desity f e give X = x: The the cditial desity
More informationMATH Midterm Examination Victor Matveev October 26, 2016
MATH 33- Midterm Examiati Victr Matveev Octber 6, 6. (5pts, mi) Suppse f(x) equals si x the iterval < x < (=), ad is a eve peridic extesi f this fucti t the rest f the real lie. Fid the csie series fr
More informationThe Excel FFT Function v1.1 P. T. Debevec February 12, The discrete Fourier transform may be used to identify periodic structures in time ht.
The Excel FFT Fucti v P T Debevec February 2, 26 The discrete Furier trasfrm may be used t idetify peridic structures i time ht series data Suppse that a physical prcess is represeted by the fucti f time,
More informationFrequency-Domain Study of Lock Range of Injection-Locked Non- Harmonic Oscillators
0 teratial Cferece mage Visi ad Cmputig CVC 0 PCST vl. 50 0 0 ACST Press Sigapre DO: 0.776/PCST.0.V50.6 Frequecy-Dmai Study f Lck Rage f jecti-lcked N- armic Oscillatrs Yushi Zhu ad Fei Yua Departmet f
More informationENGI 4421 Central Limit Theorem Page Central Limit Theorem [Navidi, section 4.11; Devore sections ]
ENGI 441 Cetral Limit Therem Page 11-01 Cetral Limit Therem [Navidi, secti 4.11; Devre sectis 5.3-5.4] If X i is t rmally distributed, but E X i, V X i ad is large (apprximately 30 r mre), the, t a gd
More informationALE 26. Equilibria for Cell Reactions. What happens to the cell potential as the reaction proceeds over time?
Name Chem 163 Secti: Team Number: AL 26. quilibria fr Cell Reactis (Referece: 21.4 Silberberg 5 th editi) What happes t the ptetial as the reacti prceeds ver time? The Mdel: Basis fr the Nerst quati Previusly,
More informationElectrostatics. . where,.(1.1) Maxwell Eqn. Total Charge. Two point charges r 12 distance apart in space
Maxwell Eq. E ρ Electrstatics e. where,.(.) first term is the permittivity i vacuum 8.854x0 C /Nm secd term is electrical field stregth, frce/charge, v/m r N/C third term is the charge desity, C/m 3 E
More information5.80 Small-Molecule Spectroscopy and Dynamics
MIT OpeCurseWare http://cw.mit.edu 5.8 Small-Mlecule Spectrscpy ad Dyamics Fall 8 Fr ifrmati abut citig these materials r ur Terms f Use, visit: http://cw.mit.edu/terms. 5.8 Lecture #33 Fall, 8 Page f
More informationE o and the equilibrium constant, K
lectrchemical measuremets (Ch -5 t 6). T state the relati betwee ad K. (D x -b, -). Frm galvaic cell vltage measuremet (a) K sp (D xercise -8, -) (b) K sp ad γ (D xercise -9) (c) K a (D xercise -G, -6)
More informationL. A. P. T. Quick Look at Slow and Fast Light
Quick Lk at Slw ad Fast Light Ceter fr Phtic Cmmuicati ad Cmputig Labratry fr Atmic ad Phtic Techlgy Ccept f Phase Velcity f a Mchrmatic Wave Mchrmatic plae wave z z 1 (c/) t 1 z Phase frt E ( ) i( k z
More informationThe Acoustical Physics of a Standing Wave Tube
UIUC Physics 93POM/Physics 406POM The Physics f Music/Physics f Musical Istrumets The Acustical Physics f a Stadig Wave Tube A typical cylidrical-shaped stadig wave tube (SWT) {aa impedace tube} f legth
More informationUnit -2 THEORY OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS
Uit - THEORY OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS 1) hat is sluti? : It is a hmgeus mixture f tw r mre cmpuds. ) hat is dilute sluti? : It is a sluti i which slute ccetrati is very less. 3) Give a example fr slid- slid
More informationComparative analysis of bayesian control chart estimation and conventional multivariate control chart
America Jural f Theretical ad Applied Statistics 3; ( : 7- ublished lie Jauary, 3 (http://www.sciecepublishiggrup.cm//atas di:.648/.atas.3. Cmparative aalysis f bayesia ctrl chart estimati ad cvetial multivariate
More informationChapter 4. Problem Solutions
Chapter 4. Prblem Slutis. The great majrity f alpha particles pass thrugh gases ad thi metal fils with deflectis. T what cclusi abut atmic structure des this bservati lead? The fact that mst particles
More informationA Study on Estimation of Lifetime Distribution with Covariates Under Misspecification
Prceedigs f the Wrld Cgress Egieerig ad Cmputer Sciece 2015 Vl II, Octber 21-23, 2015, Sa Fracisc, USA A Study Estimati f Lifetime Distributi with Cvariates Uder Misspecificati Masahir Ykyama, Member,
More informationu = A Z Chemistry 110 Fall 2010 Rayleigh-Jeans Law for Blackbody SI Units SI Units Secondary Units written in terms of Primary
SI Uits Key Study Pits fr Petrucci et al., Secdary Uits writte i terms f Primary Capters 8 & 9 Nte: Fudametal cstats ad a peridic table will be prvided te midterm but equatis will t be give. Cemistry 0
More informationFourier Method for Solving Transportation. Problems with Mixed Constraints
It. J. Ctemp. Math. Scieces, Vl. 5, 200,. 28, 385-395 Furier Methd fr Slvig Trasprtati Prblems with Mixed Cstraits P. Padia ad G. Nataraja Departmet f Mathematics, Schl f Advaced Scieces V I T Uiversity,
More informationEvery gas consists of a large number of small particles called molecules moving with very high velocities in all possible directions.
Kietic thery f gases ( Kietic thery was develped by Berlli, Jle, Clasis, axwell ad Bltzma etc. ad represets dyamic particle r micrscpic mdel fr differet gases sice it thrws light the behir f the particles
More informationMarkov processes and the Kolmogorov equations
Chapter 6 Markv prcesses ad the Klmgrv equatis 6. Stchastic Differetial Equatis Csider the stchastic differetial equati: dx(t) =a(t X(t)) dt + (t X(t)) db(t): (SDE) Here a(t x) ad (t x) are give fuctis,
More informationCharacterization of R-134a Superheated Droplet Detector for Neutron Detection
Characterizati f R-34a Superheated Drplet Detectr fr Neutr Detecti Prasaa Kumar Mdal *, Rupa Sarkar ad Baru Kumar Chatterjee Departmet f Physics, Bse Istitute, 93/ A. P. C. Rad, Klkata 700009, Idia. e-mail:
More informationK [f(t)] 2 [ (st) /2 K A GENERALIZED MEIJER TRANSFORMATION. Ku(z) ()x) t -)-I e. K(z) r( + ) () (t 2 I) -1/2 e -zt dt, G. L. N. RAO L.
Iterat. J. Math. & Math. Scl. Vl. 8 N. 2 (1985) 359-365 359 A GENERALIZED MEIJER TRANSFORMATION G. L. N. RAO Departmet f Mathematics Jamshedpur C-perative Cllege f the Rachi Uiversity Jamshedpur, Idia
More informationA Hartree-Fock Calculation of the Water Molecule
Chemistry 460 Fall 2017 Dr. Jea M. Stadard Nvember 29, 2017 A Hartree-Fck Calculati f the Water Mlecule Itrducti A example Hartree-Fck calculati f the water mlecule will be preseted. I this case, the water
More informationa b c d e f g h Supplementary Information
Supplemetary Iformatio a b c d e f g h Supplemetary Figure S STM images show that Dark patters are frequetly preset ad ted to accumulate. (a) mv, pa, m ; (b) mv, pa, m ; (c) mv, pa, m ; (d) mv, pa, m ;
More informationFourier Series & Fourier Transforms
Experimet 1 Furier Series & Furier Trasfrms MATLAB Simulati Objectives Furier aalysis plays a imprtat rle i cmmuicati thery. The mai bjectives f this experimet are: 1) T gai a gd uderstadig ad practice
More informationRates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions
Rates ad Mechaisms f Chemical Reactis Why sme rxs prceed very fast ad thers require days, mths r eve years t prduce a detectable amt f prduct? H (g) + F (g) HF (g) (very fast) 3 H (g) + N (g) NH 3 (g)
More information, the random variable. and a sample size over the y-values 0:1:10.
Lecture 3 (4//9) 000 HW PROBLEM 3(5pts) The estimatr i (c) f PROBLEM, p 000, where { } ~ iid bimial(,, is 000 e f the mst ppular statistics It is the estimatr f the ppulati prprti I PROBLEM we used simulatis
More informationLecture 18. MSMPR Crystallization Model
ecture 18. MSMPR Crystalliati Mdel MSMPR Crystalliati Mdel Crystal-Ppulati alace - Number f crystals - Cumulative umber f crystals - Predmiat crystal sie - Grwth rate MSMPR Crystalliati Mdel Mixed-suspesi,
More informationAPPLICATION OF FEM ANALYSIS METHODS TO A CYLINDER-CYLINDER INTERSECTION STRUCTURE
18th Iteratial Cferece Structural Mechaics i Reactr echlgy (SMiR 18) Beijig, Chia, August 7-12, 25 SMiR18-F7-4 APPLICAION OF FEM ANALYSIS MEHODS O A CYLINDER-CYLINDER INERSECION SRUCURE Lipig XUE G.E.O.
More informationPreliminary Test Single Stage Shrinkage Estimator for the Scale Parameter of Gamma Distribution
America Jural f Mathematics ad Statistics, (3): 3-3 DOI:.593/j.ajms.3. Prelimiary Test Sigle Stage Shrikage Estimatr fr the Scale Parameter f Gamma Distributi Abbas Najim Salma,*, Aseel Hussei Ali, Mua
More informationGrade 3 Mathematics Course Syllabus Prince George s County Public Schools
Ctet Grade 3 Mathematics Curse Syllabus Price Gerge s Cuty Public Schls Prerequisites: Ne Curse Descripti: I Grade 3, istructial time shuld fcus fur critical areas: (1) develpig uderstadig f multiplicati
More informationDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIT UNIVERSITY HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT F ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING HIGH VLTAGE ENGINEERING UNIT 1: BREAKDWN IN GASES 1.) Itrducti: I mder times, high vltages are used fr a wide variety f applicatis cverig the pwer systems, idustry ad
More informationFree Space Optical Wireless Communications under Turbulence Channel Effect
IOSR Joural of Electroics ad Commuicatio Egieerig (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 78-834,p- ISSN: 78-8735.Volume 9, Issue 3, Ver. III (May - Ju. 014), PP 01-08 Free Space Optical Wireless Commuicatios uder Turbulece
More informationExperimental and Theoretical Investigations of PAN Molecular Weight Increase in Precipitation Polymerization as a Function of H 2 O/DMSO Ratio
Carb Letters Vl., N. March 00 pp. -7 Experimetal ad Theretical Ivestigatis f PAN Mlecular Weight Icrease i Precipitati Plymerizati as a ucti f H O/DMSO Rati Jig Zhag, egjig Bu, Ygqiag Dai, Liwei Xue, Zhixia
More informationDynamic Response of Second Order Mechanical Systems with Viscous Dissipation forces
Hadut #a (pp. 1-39) Dyamic Respse f Secd Order Mechaical Systems with Viscus Dissipati frces d X d X + + = ext() t M D K X F dt dt Free Respse t iitial cditis ad F (t) = 0, Uderdamped, Critically Damped
More informationA Simplified Nonlinear Generalized Maxwell Model for Predicting the Time Dependent Behavior of Viscoelastic Materials
Wrld Jural f Mechaics, 20,, 58-67 di:0.4236/wj.20.302 Published Olie Jue 20 (http://www.scirp.rg/jural/wj) A Siplified Nliear Geeralized Maxwell Mdel fr Predictig the Tie Depedet Behavir f Viscelastic
More informationESWW-2. Israeli semi-underground great plastic scintillation multidirectional muon telescope (ISRAMUTE) for space weather monitoring and forecasting
ESWW-2 Israeli semi-udergrud great plastic scitillati multidirectial mu telescpe (ISRAMUTE) fr space weather mitrig ad frecastig L.I. Drma a,b, L.A. Pustil'ik a, A. Sterlieb a, I.G. Zukerma a (a) Israel
More information8.0 Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI)
EE650R: Reliability Physics f Naelectric Devices Lecture 8: Negative Bias Temerature Istability Date: Se 27 2006 Class Ntes: Vijay Rawat Reviewed by: Saakshi Gagwal 8.0 Negative Bias Temerature Istability
More informationAn Electrostatic Catastrophe Machine as an Attosecond Pulse Generator
Optics ad Phtics Jural, 014, 4, 337-345 Published Olie December 014 i SciRes. http://www.scirp.rg/jural/pj http://dx.di.rg/10.436/pj.014.41034 A Electrstatic Catastrphe Machie as a Attsecd Pulse Geeratr
More informationare specified , are linearly independent Otherwise, they are linearly dependent, and one is expressed by a linear combination of the others
Chater 3. Higher Order Liear ODEs Kreyszig by YHLee;4; 3-3. Hmgeeus Liear ODEs The stadard frm f the th rder liear ODE ( ) ( ) = : hmgeeus if r( ) = y y y y r Hmgeeus Liear ODE: Suersiti Pricile, Geeral
More informationTo the use of Sellmeier formula
To the use of Sellmeier formula by Volkmar Brücker Seior Experte Service (SES) Bo ad HfT Leipzig, Germay Abstract Based o dispersio of pure silica we proposed a geeral Sellmeier formula for various dopats
More informationGeneral Chemistry 1 (CHEM1141) Shawnee State University Fall 2016
Geeral Chemistry 1 (CHEM1141) Shawee State Uiversity Fall 2016 September 23, 2016 Name E x a m # I C Please write yur full ame, ad the exam versi (IC) that yu have the scatr sheet! Please 0 check the bx
More informationIJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 12, December
IJISET - Iteratial Jural f Ivative Sciece, Egieerig & Techlgy, Vl Issue, December 5 wwwijisetcm ISSN 48 7968 Psirmal ad * Pararmal mpsiti Operatrs the Fc Space Abstract Dr N Sivamai Departmet f athematics,
More informationDirectional Duality Theory
Suther Illiis Uiversity Carbdale OpeSIUC Discussi Papers Departmet f Ecmics 2004 Directial Duality Thery Daiel Primt Suther Illiis Uiversity Carbdale Rlf Fare Oreg State Uiversity Fllw this ad additial
More informationMotor Stability. Plateau and Mesa Burning
Mtr Stability Recall mass cservati fr steady erati ( =cstat) m eit m b b r b s r m icr m eit Is this cditi (it) stable? ly if rmally use.3
More informationBULK PROPERTIES OF UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS
IJRRAS 6 (4) March 0.arpapress.cm/Vlumes/Vl6Issue4/IJRRAS_6_4_3.pdf BULK PROPERTIES OF UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS Arthur Ekpekp Departmet f Physics, Delta State Uiversity, Abraka, Nigeria. ABSTRACT
More informationMean residual life of coherent systems consisting of multiple types of dependent components
Mea residual life f cheret systems csistig f multiple types f depedet cmpets Serka Eryilmaz, Frak P.A. Cle y ad Tahai Cle-Maturi z February 20, 208 Abstract Mea residual life is a useful dyamic characteristic
More informationChapter 5. Root Locus Techniques
Chapter 5 Rt Lcu Techique Itrducti Sytem perfrmace ad tability dt determied dby cled-lp l ple Typical cled-lp feedback ctrl ytem G Ope-lp TF KG H Zer -, - Ple 0, -, - K Lcati f ple eaily fud Variati f
More informationIntermediate Division Solutions
Itermediate Divisi Slutis 1. Cmpute the largest 4-digit umber f the frm ABBA which is exactly divisible by 7. Sluti ABBA 1000A + 100B +10B+A 1001A + 110B 1001 is divisible by 7 (1001 7 143), s 1001A is
More informationActive redundancy allocation in systems. R. Romera; J. Valdés; R. Zequeira*
Wrkig Paper -6 (3) Statistics ad Ecmetrics Series March Departamet de Estadística y Ecmetría Uiversidad Carls III de Madrid Calle Madrid, 6 893 Getafe (Spai) Fax (34) 9 64-98-49 Active redudacy allcati
More informationVerification of Quality Parameters of a Solar Panel and Modification in Formulae of its Series Resistance
Verificatin f Quality Parameters f a Slar Panel and Mdificatin in Frmulae f its Series Resistance Sanika Gawhane Pune-411037-India Onkar Hule Pune-411037- India Chinmy Kulkarni Pune-411037-India Ojas Pandav
More informationCh. 1 Introduction to Estimation 1/15
Ch. Itrducti t stimati /5 ample stimati Prblem: DSB R S f M f s f f f ; f, φ m tcsπf t + φ t f lectrics dds ise wt usually white BPF & mp t s t + w t st. lg. f & φ X udi mp cs π f + φ t Oscillatr w/ f
More information( ) kt. Solution. From kinetic theory (visualized in Figure 1Q9-1), 1 2 rms = 2. = 1368 m/s
.9 Kinetic Mlecular Thery Calculate the effective (rms) speeds f the He and Ne atms in the He-Ne gas laser tube at rm temperature (300 K). Slutin T find the rt mean square velcity (v rms ) f He atms at
More informationSuper-efficiency Models, Part II
Super-efficiec Mdels, Part II Emilia Niskae The 4th f Nvember S steemiaalsi Ctets. Etesis t Variable Returs-t-Scale (0.4) S steemiaalsi Radial Super-efficiec Case Prblems with Radial Super-efficiec Case
More informationMATHEMATICS 9740/01 Paper 1 14 Sep hours
Cadidate Name: Class: JC PRELIMINARY EXAM Higher MATHEMATICS 9740/0 Paper 4 Sep 06 3 hurs Additial Materials: Cver page Aswer papers List f Frmulae (MF5) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write yur full ame
More informationOPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOPOLYMER FILMS FROM PECTIN AND GELATIN
Joural of Optoelectroics ad Advaced Materials Vol. 7, No. 3, Jue 5, p. 439-444 OPTICAL CHARACTRISTICS OF BIOPOLYMR FILMS FROM PCTIN AND GLATIN K. Nikolova *, I. Pachev, S. Saiov a Departmet of Physics,
More informationOn the affine nonlinearity in circuit theory
O the affie liearity i circuit thery Emauel Gluski The Kieret Cllege the Sea f Galilee; ad Ort Braude Cllege (Carmiel), Israel. gluski@ee.bgu.ac.il; http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~gluski/ E. Gluski, O the affie
More informationHº = -690 kj/mol for ionization of n-propylene Hº = -757 kj/mol for ionization of isopropylene
Prblem 56. (a) (b) re egative º values are a idicati f mre stable secies. The º is mst egative fr the i-ryl ad -butyl is, bth f which ctai a alkyl substituet bded t the iized carb. Thus it aears that catis
More informationThe Molecular Diffusion of Heat and Mass from Two Spheres
Iteratial Jural f Mder Studies i Mechaical Egieerig (IJMSME) Vlume 4, Issue 1, 018, PP 4-8 ISSN 454-9711 (Olie) DOI: http://dx.di.rg/10.0431/454-9711.0401004 www.arcjurals.rg The Mlecular Diffusi f Heat
More informationFirst-Principles Modelling of Electrospraying, and the Effects of Dissipation in Electrospray Thrusters
First-Priciples Mdellig f Electrsprayig, ad the Effects f Dissipati i Electrspray Thrusters IEPC-7-49 Preseted at the 35th Iteratial Electric Prpulsi Cferece Gergia Istitute f Techlgy Atlata, Gergia USA
More informationAuthor. Introduction. Author. o Asmir Tobudic. ISE 599 Computational Modeling of Expressive Performance
ISE 599 Cmputatial Mdelig f Expressive Perfrmace Playig Mzart by Aalgy: Learig Multi-level Timig ad Dyamics Strategies by Gerhard Widmer ad Asmir Tbudic Preseted by Tsug-Ha (Rbert) Chiag April 5, 2006
More informationMODIFIED LEAKY DELAYED LMS ALGORITHM FOR IMPERFECT ESTIMATE SYSTEM DELAY
5th Eurpea Sigal Prcessig Cferece (EUSIPCO 7), Pza, Plad, September 3-7, 7, cpyright by EURASIP MOIFIE LEAKY ELAYE LMS ALGORIHM FOR IMPERFEC ESIMAE SYSEM ELAY Jua R. V. López, Orlad J. bias, ad Rui Seara
More informationPhys 102 Lecture 25 The quantum mechanical model of light
Phys 102 Lecture 25 The quatum mechaical model of light 1 Recall last time Problems with classical physics Stability of atoms Atomic spectra Photoelectric effect Quatum model of the atom Bohr model oly
More informationOPTICAL SWITCH USING TOTAL REFLECTION IN LIQUID CRYSTALS
7 th teratial Cferece DEVELOPMENT AND APPLCATON SYSTEMS S u c e a v a, m a i a, M a 7 9, 0 0 4 OPTCAL SWTCH USNG TOTAL EFLECTON N LQUD CYSTALS Serge DOVGALETS 1, Yulia SEMENOVA, Vasl PYSYAZHNYUK 1 1) Departmet
More information.-. ;::;> -,-~ ~ ~..--~-~=~-~ ;~~~ ~ -= ~ -l (. ~.~ _~~J&fiH~l_ L._.
:z:...~':j..li~j.t~.. ~~_._._._'...._.u.lf:tdt OA~..M~~. -.--.-.~,.~... ~~~t(.-. ;::;> -,-~ ~---- --..-- _.~~.~ _ _. mu _ ~~)rt/.~~'!.... --P l~;---~_~~:'~~i~"fuk -- --_.- lv~vf4-t J'tt',.. 5-- - --.-~..--~-~=~-~
More information11 Correlation and Regression
11 Correlatio Regressio 11.1 Multivariate Data Ofte we look at data where several variables are recorded for the same idividuals or samplig uits. For example, at a coastal weather statio, we might record
More informationIdentical Particles. We would like to move from the quantum theory of hydrogen to that for the rest of the periodic table
We wuld like t ve fr the quatu thery f hydrge t that fr the rest f the peridic table Oe electr at t ultielectr ats This is cplicated by the iteracti f the electrs with each ther ad by the fact that the
More informationx 2 x 3 x b 0, then a, b, c log x 1 log z log x log y 1 logb log a dy 4. dx As tangent is perpendicular to the x axis, slope
The agle betwee the tagets draw t the parabla y = frm the pit (-,) 5 9 6 Here give pit lies the directri, hece the agle betwee the tagets frm that pit right agle Ratig :EASY The umber f values f c such
More informationElectrical Resistance
Electrical Resistace I + V _ W Material with resistivity ρ t L Resistace R V I = L ρ Wt (Uit: ohms) where ρ is the electrical resistivity Addig parts/billio to parts/thousad of dopats to pure Si ca chage
More informationTR/46 OCTOBER THE ZEROS OF PARTIAL SUMS OF A MACLAURIN EXPANSION A. TALBOT
TR/46 OCTOBER 974 THE ZEROS OF PARTIAL SUMS OF A MACLAURIN EXPANSION by A. TALBOT .. Itroductio. A problem i approximatio theory o which I have recetly worked [] required for its solutio a proof that the
More informationSpontaneous and stimulated emission tuning characteristics. of a Josephson junction in a microcavity
Sptaeus ad stimulated emissi tuig characteristics f a sephs jucti i a micrcavity Adrea T. seph, Rbi Whitig ad Rger Adrews Departmet f Physics, Uiversity f the West dies, St. Augustie, Triidad ad Tbag radrews@fas.uwi.tt
More informationRay Optics Theory and Mode Theory. Dr. Mohammad Faisal Dept. of EEE, BUET
Ray Optics Theory ad Mode Theory Dr. Mohammad Faisal Dept. of, BUT Optical Fiber WG For light to be trasmitted through fiber core, i.e., for total iteral reflectio i medium, > Ray Theory Trasmissio Ray
More informationInternational Journal of Solids and Structures
Iteratial Jural f Slids ad Structures 48 (211) 29 216 Ctets lists available at ScieceDirect Iteratial Jural f Slids ad Structures jural hmepage: www.elsevier.cm/lcate/ijslstr Micrmechaical mdelig f smart
More informationFizeau s Experiment with Moving Water. New Explanation. Gennady Sokolov, Vitali Sokolov
Fizeau s Experimet with Movig Water New Explaatio Geady Sokolov, itali Sokolov Email: sokolov@vitalipropertiescom The iterferece experimet with movig water carried out by Fizeau i 85 is oe of the mai cofirmatios
More informationSolutions to Midterm II. of the following equation consistent with the boundary condition stated u. y u x y
Sltis t Midterm II Prblem : (pts) Fid the mst geeral slti ( f the fllwig eqati csistet with the bdary cditi stated y 3 y the lie y () Slti : Sice the system () is liear the slti is give as a sperpsiti
More informationSeismic Performance of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Buildings with Heavy Loads
Seismic Perfrmace f Symmetrical ad al Buildigs with Heavy Lads Md. Jaweed Jilai Kha, Seshadri Sekhar ad Bellam Sivarama Krisha Prasad esearch Schlar, Departmet f Civil gieerig esearch, Gitam Uiversity,
More informationStudies Of Liquid Crystal Response Time
Uiversity f Cetral Flrida Electric Theses ad Dissertatis Dctral Dissertati (Ope Access) Studies Of Liquid Crystal Respse Time 005 Haiyig Wag Uiversity f Cetral Flrida Fid similar wrks at: http://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd
More informationThe generalized marginal rate of substitution
Jural f Mathematical Ecmics 31 1999 553 560 The geeralized margial rate f substituti M Besada, C Vazuez ) Facultade de Ecmicas, UiÕersidade de Vig, Aptd 874, 3600 Vig, Spai Received 31 May 1995; accepted
More informationKinetics of Dye Bleaching
/9/03 This exercise explores the time depedece of the reactio of the dye: Kietics of Dye Bleachig Objective: To examie the kietics of a reactio i which a dye is bleached Last Update: /9/03 8:5 AM Malachite
More informationMatching a Distribution by Matching Quantiles Estimation
Jural f the America Statistical Assciati ISSN: 0162-1459 (Prit) 1537-274X (Olie) Jural hmepage: http://www.tadflie.cm/li/uasa20 Matchig a Distributi by Matchig Quatiles Estimati Niklas Sgurpuls, Qiwei
More informationSTRUCTURES IN MIKE 21. Flow over sluice gates A-1
A-1 STRUCTURES IN MIKE 1 Fl ver luice gate Fr a give gemetry f the luice gate ad k ater level uptream ad dtream f the tructure, the fl rate, ca be determied thrugh the equati f eergy ad mmetum - ee B Pedere,
More informationAnalysis of pressure wave dynamics in fuel rail system
It. Jl. f Multiphysics Vlume Number 3 8 3 Aalysis f pressure wave dyamics i fuel rail system Basem Alzahabi ad Keith Schulz Ketterig Uiversity Siemes Autmtive ABSTRACT A mdel f a amplified cmm rail fuel
More informationINF-GEO Solutions, Geometrical Optics, Part 1
INF-GEO430 20 Solutios, Geometrical Optics, Part Reflectio by a symmetric triagular prism Let be the agle betwee the two faces of a symmetric triagular prism. Let the edge A where the two faces meet be
More information