Sec 2.4 Geometry Similar Figures
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1 Sec 2.4 Geometry Similar Figures Name: Two figures are considered to be SIMILAR if the two figures have the same shape but may differ in size. To be similar by definition, all corresponding sides have the same ratio OR all corresponding angles are congruent. Alternately, if one figure can be considered a transformation (rotating, reflection, translation, or dilation) of the other then they are also similar. Two triangles are similar if one of the following is true: 1) (AA) Two corresponding pairs of angles are congruent. ABC ~ FDE Notice that in the similarity statement above that corresponding angles must match up. 2) (SSS) Each pair of corresponding sides has the same ratio. ABC ~ DEF. 3) (SAS) Two pairs of corresponding sides have the same ratio and the angle between the two corresponding pairs the angle is congruent. ABC ~ FED Determine wheter the following figures are similar. If so, write the similarity ratio and a similarity statement. If not, explain why not M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 37
2 Using the properties of similar figures find the unknown sides of the following figures y = 6. n = 2x 4 x t = 3 x 9 8 t Given the similarity statement ABC ~ DEF and the following measures, find the requested measures. It may help to draw a picture. AB = 8 DE = 20 AC = 10 EF = 30 a. Find the measure of DF = b. Find the measure of BC = c. Find the measure of = d. Find the measure of = e. Find the measure of = f. Which angles are ACUTE? g. Which angles are OBTUSE? M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 38
3 16. Explain why the reason the triangles are similar and find the measure of the requested side. A) B) Triangle mid-segment 10 What is the measure of TU? What is the measure of AU? 17. Using (SSS, AA, SAS) which triangles can you determine must be similar? (explain why) A) B) C) E D) E) M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 39
4 18. Using some type of similar figure find the unknown lengths. O Z A. B. C. 3cm x N P c Y V E 5 cm 6 cm M Q X T 22a. 22b. 22c. y = C. D. 6 cm HINT: 22c. 22d. M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 40
5 Prove the Pythagorean Theorem (a 2 + b 2 = c 2 ) using similar right triangles: M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 41
6 10. Thales was one of the first to see the power of the property of ratios and similar figures. He realized that he could use this property to measure heights and distances over immeasurable surfaces. Once, he was asked by a great Egyptian Pharaoh if he knew of a way to measure the height of the Great Pyramids. He looked at the Sun, the shadow that the pyramid cast, and his 6 foot staff. By the drawing below can you figure out how he found the height of the pyramid? Height of Pyramid: 11. Using similar devices he was able to measure ships distances off shore. This proved to be a great advantage in war at the time. How far from the shore is the ship in the diagram? 3 ft 35 f t 5 ft Distance from Shore: 12. Using a mirror you can also create similar triangles (Thanks to the properties of reflection similar triangles are created). Can you find the height of the flag pole? Height of the Flag Pole: 62 in. 21 in. mirror 72 in. 13. Use your knowledge of special right triangles to measure something that would otherwise be immeasurable. M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 42
7 14. Find the unknown area based on the pictures below.?? in 2 36 in 2 Scale Length Area Factors 5 in. 15 in. Area of the small square: 15. If the small can holds 20 gallons how much will the big trashcan hold (assuming they are similar shapes) Scale Similarity Length Area Volume Factors Ratios 4 ft 2 ft Volume of the Large Trashcan: 16. If the smaller spray bottle holds 37 fl. oz., then how much does the larger one hold assuming they are similar shapes? Scale Similarity Length Area Volume Factors Ratios Volume of the Large Spray Bottle: 2 in. 3 in The smaller of the two cars is a Matchbox car set at the usual th 64 scale (the length) and it takes 1.2 fluid ounces to paint the car. If the smaller is a perfect scale of the actual car and the ratios of the paint remains the same then how many gallons of paint will be needed for the real car? (128 fl. oz = 1 gallon) Scale Similarity Length Area Volume Factors Ratios 2 in. 128 in. Amount of Paint Needed: M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 43
8 18. If the following are similar determine the length of the unknown sides. A. 18a. B. 18 b. V = C. Volume = 4 cm 3 18c. Volume = 20 cm 3 D. Volume = 90 cm 3 Volume =??cm 3 18d. V = M. Winking Unit 2 4 page 44
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