Accelerated Chemistry Pre-Course Assignment
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1 Accelerated Chemistry Pre-Course Assignment Name This assignment is due on the first day of class (first day of the fall semester or first day of the spring semester). Complete all of the exercises on the following pages. Refer to the checklist below to see the objectives for each section. your designated teacher if you have questions. Checklist of Pre-Course Assignment Activities: Activity 1 Element Names and Symbols Know the names and symbols of the 40 elements listed on the attached page. A periodic table is attached for your reference. You need to be able to write the symbol for each element when given the name and write the name when given the symbol. Activity 2 Scientific Notation Convert ordinary numbers into scientific notation Convert numbers in scientific notation to ordinary numbers Using a calculator, perform math operations involving scientific notation Activity 3 The SI System Know the SI (a.k.a. metric) units and unit abbreviations for time, temperature, volume, mass, length, and amount of a substance Convert SI measurements with different prefixes. You need to know and convert prefixes from nanoup to Giga-. Activity 4 Factor Label Conversions Use the factor label method to convert non-si units. The conversion factors needed for the worksheet and quiz are shown at the bottom the worksheet. These conversion factors do not need to be memorized as they will be given to you on the quiz. Activity 5 Counting Significant Figures Read the page labeled What are Significant Figures? (included in this packet). Apply the rules to complete Significant Figure Practice on the following page.
2 Activity 1 Element Names and Symbols Below are the 40 element symbols that need to be committed to memory. Write the name of the element that corresponds to each symbol listed below. It is recommended that you make a set of flash cards to help you prepare for the quiz. H S He Cl Li Ar Be K B Ca C Ti N Fe O Co F Ni Ne Cu Na Zn Mg Br Al Ag Si Sn P I Ba Au Hg Pb U Pu Xe Rn Cr Kr
3 Activity 2 Scientific Notation A. Write the following numbers in scientific notation. 1. 2,480, ,420,000, ,201, ,000 B. Write the following numbers without scientific notation x x x x x C. Complete these operations using a calculator. Round your answers to 3 non-zero digits. You may report answers in scientific notation if it is convenient. The following link may be helpful to learn how to enter scientific notation in to a TI calculator: (7.22 x 10 6 )(8.44 x ) = 13. (4.18 x )(5.68 x 10 7 )(2.11 x 10-6 ) = 14.!.!!!!"!" =!.!"!!"!" 15.!.!!!"!!" (!.!!!"! )!.!!!"!! = 16.!.!"!!"!"!.!!!"! (!.!!!"! ) =
4 Activity 3 The SI System A. The following quantities are commonly used in chemistry. Identify the SI (metric) unit name and abbreviation used for each. The following website is a useful reference for this information: Quantity SI Unit Name SI Unit Abbreviation Mass Temperature Time Length Amount of a Substance Volume * Note: Although it is not an official SI unit, the Liter (L) is more commonly used for volume than the official unit listed above B. Record the name and abbreviation for each of the SI prefixes from giga to nano. The following website is a useful reference for this information: SI prefix name abbreviation multiplication factor 1,000,000,000 or or or or or 10 1 base unit ( meter, gram, liter, ) 0.1 or or or or or 10-9
5 C. Convert the following SI measurements to the units indicated. There are many web resources available to help with this skill if needed search metric conversions. Be careful there are many websites, apps, etc. that will automatically convert for you but using these will not prepare you for the quiz! Examples: 1 kg = 1,000 g 345 m = 345,000 cm 1 ms = s 2150 µg = g 1710 ml = L 745 g = kg km = m 1.33 m = cm 897 ms = s 8.8 hg = g 1205 mg = g 2.57 L = ml µl = L 1200 GBytes = MBytes 2.55 kg = mg 957,004 mm = km Mg = cg 45,001 ng = kg D. Fill in the missing SI prefix and unit: 2.30 m = m = ,000 mg = ,000 cg =
6 Activity 4 Factor Label Conversions Use the list of conversion factors at the bottom of the page to convert the following measurements using the factor label method (also known as dimensional analysis). You may round each answer to 3 non-zero digits. Be careful there are many websites, apps, etc. that will automatically convert for you but using these will not prepare you for the quiz! Here are a few web resources explaining the factor label method: IMPORTANT: WORK USING THE FACTOR LABEL METHOD MUST BE SHOWN FOR CREDIT lb =? kg miles =? km min =? s days =? yr cm =? in mile =? ft ft =? cm oz =? kg Conversion Factors (Given for the quiz) 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 mile = 1.61 km 1 yr = 365 days 1 ft = 12 in 1 gal = 4 qt 1 kg = 2.20 lb 1 mile=5280 ft 1 lb = 16 oz 1 min = 60 s 1 L = 1.06 qt
7 Activity 5 Counting Significant Figures What are Significant Figures? Significant figures show the exactness of a measurement in a laboratory. The more figures (or digits) the more exact the measurement. The last figure (or digit) of a measurement is the uncertain or estimated digit. If a measurement contains 5 significant figures ( m) then the last digit ( m) is uncertain or guessed. The uncertainty of a measurement is a function of the measuring instrument. You must always be careful to measure correctly during a lab exercise. For example, if the measuring scale in marked (known) to the 0.1 column, you must estimate to the 0.01 column. Before you are able to add, subtract, multiply and divide measurements, you must be able to determine the number of significant figures (or digits). Below are four rules to help you determine the number of significant figures in a measurement: Rule 1 - All non-zero digits (1-9) are significant. examples: 121 has 3 significant figures has 4 significant figures Rule 2 - All zeros before nonzero digits are not significant. (these are also known as leading zeros) examples: has 3 significant figures has 1 significant figure Rule 3 - All zeros between significant digits are significant. examples: 104 has 3 significant figures has 5 significant figures has 3 significant figures Rule 4 - Zeros after nonzero digits (also known as trailing zeros) are significant only if a decimal is included in the number. examples: 1000 has 1 significant figure has 4 significant figures has 4 significant figures Note regarding measurements in scientific notation: When a measurement is expressed using scientific notation, all of the significant figures are displayed in the first term. Additionally, all of the digits in the first term are to be counted as significant. For example, x 10 5 kg has 4 digits in the first term and should be counted as 4 significant figures.
8 Significant Figure Practice: Indicate the number of significant figures in each the following measurements. a cm b. 456 ml c g d m e kg f mg g g h s i g j mm k K l x 10 7 l C m x 10-6
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Things You Should Know Chapter 1 Chemistry: Matter and Measurement Names of rows in the Periodic Table (periods) and columns (groups) Names of the 4 main groups Names of the 3 general types of elements