Particle Identification with Ionization Energy Loss in the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker
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1 Particle Identification with Ionization Energy Loss in the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker Loïc Quertenmont on behalf of the CMS Collaboration Université catholique de Louvain & FNRS Center for Particle Physics and Phenomenology IPRD10 Siena - 08 June 2010
2 Outline CMS Tracker Ionization Energy Loss of a Track Bethe-Bloch and Tracker Calibration de/dx Tools: Results and Validation de/dx for New Physics Searches 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 2
3 The CMS Tracker
4 CMS : Compact Muon Solenoid Diameter : 15.0m Length : 21.5m Weight : 12500t 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 4
5 The CMS Tracker Strip Detector: Modules 9.7M Channels A particle crosses ~20 Modules 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 5
6 The CMS Tracker 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 6
7 CMS Tracker In Operation 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 7
8 CMS Tracker In Operation 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 8
9 CMS Tracker In Operation 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 9
10 Introduction to de/d /dx and SiStrip Calibration
11 Introduction to the de/dx Mean Ionization Energy Loss is given by Bethe-Bloch formula βγ = p/(mc) de/dx(p/m) Relation between the energy loss and p/m For a fixed p (and charge) energy loss only depend on the particle Mass. can be use for particle identification can be use for mass reconstruction 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 11
12 Track to de/dx Run Event Mon 2009-Dec-14 04:42:31 CET COM Energy 2.36TeV P = 1.42 GeV/c Pt = 1.39 GeV/c #Hit = Chi² = Pixel Cluster Strip Cluster E/ x needs: E: measurements X: Particle Trajectory (local particle direction) Computed for all on-track Clusters. 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 12
13 ΔE/Δx E = G * (Q 1 +Q 2 +Q 3 ) Q 1 Q 2 Q (290) µm Z X X VDrift PDG Dependence with path-length: MPV E/ x ~ A + B ln( x) (Logarithmic term is generally neglected) 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 13
14 Words on the SiStrip inter-calibration In order to combine together all the E/ E/ x measurement belonging to a track, the Tracker module needs to be well inter-calibrated. TOB Module detid: For every module: (SiStrip is ~15K modules) Fit the normalized cluster charge distribution with a Landau. Extract from the Fit the MPV of the distribution and compute the gain factor: G = 300/MPV (ADC/mm) 300 is arbitrary but in the middle range of the ADCs. 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 14
15 de/dx Estimators
16 de/dx estimators ~O(10) E/ x measurements with high statistical fluctuation Landau can be combined to estimate the Most Probable E/ x three de/dx estimators : 1. Median of the E/ x distribution 2. Truncated Mean of the distribution (the upper 40% values are excluded) 3. Harmonic-2 Mean de 1/ k 1 k / ( E/ x) dx= With K=-2 i The three estimators assume that all measurements are extracted from a unique Landau distribution. Needs accurate strip detector inter-calibration Neglects the logarithmic dependence of the E/ x with path-length Not Really True Short pathlength (~0.3 mm) Long pathlength (~0.6 mm) Muons (5 GeV) Normalized Charge (ADC/mm) 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 16
17 de/dx for ParticleId For a given momentum, the mean energy loss only depends on the mass of the particle (and its charge). PDG The de/dx estimators are used for particleid. Simulation@900GeV MIPs (π,µ) Protons Kaons 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 17
18 de/dx for mass reconstruction Relation valid for particle with 0.2<β<0.9 can be reverted: Mass(dE/dx, P) Constants K and C only depends on the de/dx estimator. m² de / dx K + p² C Protons can be used as a candle to determine K and C. Make Slice in P For each Slice, Find the proton peak Get Mean de/dx vs P for Protons Fit with the above formula 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 18
19 Data Vs 900GeV Deuterons line visible on data but non on MC CMS PAS TRK Simulation@900GeV CMS preliminary Data@900GeV CMS preliminary 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 19
20 de/dx for mass reconstruction P < 2GeV and de/dx>4.15mev/cm CMS PAS TRK There is a deficit of Deuterons in the simulation PYTHIA never produce deuterons GEANT4 May not produce enough deuterons Data@900GeV CMS preliminary 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 20
21 de/dx for mass reconstruction P < 2GeV and de/dx>4.15mev/cm CMS PAS TRK There is a deficit of Deuterons in the simulation PYTHIA never produce deuterons GEANT4 May not produce enough deuterons Data@7TeV CMS preliminary CMS preliminary 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 21
22 Validation of the ParticleID
23 Validation of the ParticleId with data? Run Event Mon 2009-Dec-06 09:20:02 CET COM Energy 900GeV V 0 decay as reference data. A V 0 is a neutral particle that decay in a pair of charged particles after few cm. appear like a V in the tracker V 0 are mainly Λ 0 p + π - or K 0 s π+ π - 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 23
24 Validation of the ParticleId with data? Kinematics Property of Λ 0 p + π - : p + is always the leading track p + is identified by momentum measurement, de/dx is used to cross check CMS PAS TRK Softest Track Leading Track 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 24
25 de/dx for new physics searches
26 de/dx for new physics (HSCP search) No stable SM particles have both a high impulsion and a high de/dx. Backgrounds are Landau fluctuation of MIP de/dx Possible identification of new heavy stable charged particles Simulation@14TeV Stable Gluino R-Hadron (M=300GeV/c²) SM AREA CMS NOTE 2008/005 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 26
27 Conclusion
28 Conclusion CMS Tracker Counts ~15K Modules that are reliable source of E/ x information SiStrip Inter-calibration A method using particles has been developed for tracker inter-calibration de/dx Estimators Particle ID and Mass Reconstruction Results and outlook Unambiguous observation of the Kaon, Proton and Deuterons May also be used for BSM searches of heavy stable charge particles 08/06/ IPRD10 - UCL - CP3 Loïc Quertenmont - loic.quertenmont@cern.ch 28
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