NINJAExperiment: NINJA. Tsutomu Fukuda(IAR, Nagoya University) on behalf of NINJA collaboration

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1 NINJA NINJAExperiment: A Neutrino Experiment with Nuclear Emulsion at J-PARC for revealing the matter-dominated universe Tsutomu Fukuda(IAR, Nagoya University) on behalf of NINJA collaboration ICMaSS2017, 30th Sep. 2017, Nagoya University 10μm

2 NINJA Experiment 2 Neutrino Interaction research with Nuclear emulsion and J-PARC Accelerator A neutrino interaction in 10μm A collaborative project with some member of OPERA and T2K OPERA T2K

3 Nuclear Emulsion Detector 3D reconstruction Reconstruction of track data Scalability 3 OPERA Detector (1.25 kton) Analysis on an event by event basis 4π detection human Momentum, de/dx measurement Good γ/π 0 separation 150 μm Low BG from ν µ NC π 0 production

4 4 Current situation on neutrino physics OPERA Neutrino oscillation δ CP, mass hierarchy T2K DayaBay Sterile Neutrinos 4th generation? Dark matter? LSND MiniBooNE JUNO DUNE MicroBooNE T2HK ICARUS JSNS 2 0νdouble beta decay majorana / dirac? νmass meas. Cosmic neutrinos Ultra-high energy, Supernova, PeVν SN1987A CANDLES KamLAND-ZEN SuperNEMO GERDA2 SKGd KM4NeT IceCube-Gen2 Of course many other neutrino projects are also carrying out or planned.

5 5 Current situation on neutrino physics OPERA Neutrino oscillation δ CP, mass hierarchy T2K DayaBay Sterile Neutrinos 4th generation? Dark matter? LSND MiniBooNE JUNO DUNE MicroBooNE T2HK ICARUS JSNS 2 0νdouble beta decay majorana / dirac? νmass meas. Particle Cosmic neutrinos Ultra-high energy, Supernova, Anti PeVν SN1987A Particle CANDLES KamLAND-ZEN SuperNEMO GERDA2 SKGd KM4NeT IceCube-Gen2 Of course many other neutrino projects are also carrying out or planned.

6 Physics motivationm 6 Precise neutrino-nucleus interaction measurement is important to reduce the systematic uncertainty in future neutrino oscillation experiments. We started a new experiment at J-PARC to study low energy neutrino interactions by introducing nuclear emulsion technique. The emulsion technique can measure all the final state particles with low energy threshold for a variety of targets (H 2 O, Fe, C, ). Furthermore its ultimate position resolution allow to measure ν e cross section (exclusively) and to explore of a sterile neutrino. 2p-2h NINJA Proton from CCQE Proton from MECCCQE like 2p-2h Proton from MEC (high mom.) CCQE like 2p-2h (low mom.) T2K MiniBooNE

7 NINJA Roadmap 7 Pilot RUN Feasibility study at J-PARC J-PARC T60/T66/T68 experiment Detector RUN Detector performance check Target mass: 1-60kg Future plan Physics RUN Ⅰ Physics RUN Ⅱ Neutrino-nucleus interaction study Search for sterile neutrino Target mass: kg Target mass: 1-3ton Target mass: 6-10ton The aim of T60/T66/T68 is a feasibility study and detector performance check to make a future plan. We will expand the scale of detector gradually, step by step.

νexposure status of NINJA 8 We have demonstrated the basic

Detector performance run was started from last Jan.

target emulsion detector Analysis is now on progress Frame type

8 νexposure status of NINJA 8 We have demonstrated the basic experimental concept at J-PARC site. Detector performance run was started from last Jan. 60kg Iron Feasibility study (A few kg Iron & water) 60kg Iron target emulsion detector Analysis is now on progress Frame type plastic spacer ( 2mm thickness) νevent detection Hybrid analysis with T2K Water target emulsion detector Vacuum packed emulsion film

9 Emulsion film production in the lab 9 Nuclear emulsion films were made by ourselves Preparing liquid Gel production Gel melting Pouring Drying Gelatin + Univ.

10 Conceptual design of the detector 10 2kg iron target ECC 60kg iron target ECC ν SS (Jan. 2015) ur detector SS (Jan. 2016) Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) is a sandwich structure of emulsion films and materials. Emulsion detector is placed in front of T2K near detector, INGRID. Emulsion Shifter is re-used from a balloon project with emulsion to give a timing info. to emulsion tracks. Muon ID is possible by combined analysis with INGRID.

Conceptual design of the detector 11 2kg iron

Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) is a sandwich

Emulsion detector is placed in front of T2K

Emulsion Shifter is re-used from a balloon

11 Conceptual design of the detector 11 2kg iron target ECC 60kg iron target ECC ν SS (Jan. 2015) INGRID ur detector SS (Jan. 2016) Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) is a sandwich structure of emulsion films and materials. Emulsion detector is placed in front of T2K near detector, INGRID. Emulsion Shifter is re-used from a balloon project with emulsion to give a timing info. to emulsion tracks. Muon ID is possible by combined analysis with INGRID.

12 Feasibility study: 2kg Iron target ECC Emulsion-INGRID Hybrid analysis 12 Event topology is clearly matched. Expected range for each tracks is consistent with INGRID hits. Time resolution for emulsion tracks Iron 0.7cm Iron 6.5x9=58.5cm π/μ (0.30 GeV/c) P (0.27 GeV/c) π/μ (2.21 GeV/c) π/μ (1.09 GeV/c)

Data taking by emulsion scanning system Position

blackness heavy Latest high speed scanning system

Track Quality Selection (track linearity vs

13 Data taking by emulsion scanning system Position distribution 13 8cm 5,000 cm 2 /hour thin blackness heavy Latest high speed scanning system developed in Nagoya Univ. Track Quality Selection (track linearity vs blackness) good linearity Signal bad Sub-MeV electron 10.5 cm Tracking efficiency of one area (plate by plate, angle by angle) Noise :0.0< tanθ <0.3 :0.4< tanθ <0.6 :0.9< tanθ <1.1 :1.4< tanθ <1.6

14 Feasibility study: 2kg Iron target ECC 14 Reconstructed track data all tracks ν PL41 PL01 Iron 2.0cm Penetrated tracks

15 Feasibility study: 2kg Iron target ECC 15 Reconstructed track data all tracks ν PL41 PL01 Multi-Track Vertex search Iron 2.0cm Penetrated tracks Multi-track vertex selection criteria

16 16 Proton identification pβ measurement by the MCS method Measurement accuracy ~ 20% Multiple Coulomb Scattering momentum measurement de/dx measurement by track blackness Blackness of Track = de/dx Proton μ/π Momentum pβ (GeV/c) Low energy proton Range measurement Kinematical energy 20MeV Proton hypothesis (GeV)

Detector run: 60kg Iron target ECC 17 Detector Run Detector construction ν beam exposure Hardware treatment and Scan We are performing Detector Run to compare MC with high statistics.

17 Detector run: 60kg Iron target ECC 17 Detector Run Detector construction ν beam exposure Hardware treatment and Scan We are performing Detector Run to compare MC with high statistics. ν exposure : floor (near on-axis) end of Jan. end of May (4.0 x POT) Iron target (total~60kg with 500μm segmentation) High statistics (~3 k ν μ events) ν e detection (~20 ν e CC events)

18 Detector run: 60kg Iron target ECC 18 Multi-track track vertex event search 1021 vtx candidate events (Multiplicity>3) Preliminary Track multiplicity (VPH>100) (VPH<100) ~25cm 2trk vtx x ~1.7 Single x ~1.7 Impact Parameter (μm) (VPH>100) (VPH<100) Emulsion scanning is finished. Currently we concentrate the event analysis. Pt distribution (sub sample) Total Proton π or µ Event matching (emulsion-ingrid) 6cm

Feasibility study: 1kg Water target ECC 19 Water

emulsion chamber during May 2015 and 2016-2017 for

Frame type plastic spacer ( 2mm thickness) Sandwich

Pouring water Emulsion films (vacuum packed) First

Detector Interacted in Water region proton Range~2cm 1

19 Feasibility study: 1kg Water target ECC 19 Water target emulsion chamber We installed a water target emulsion chamber during May 2015 and for feasibility study. Frame type plastic spacer ( 2mm thickness) Sandwich structure of Emulsion films and Frame type spacers Pouring water Emulsion films (vacuum packed) First detection of ν- Water interaction with Emulsion Detector Interacted in Water region proton Range~2cm 1 (tanθx, tanθy)=(-0.040, 0.845) M.I.P 2 (tanθx, tanθy)=(-0.589, ) proton Minimum distance(1 2)=2.4um, depth=620um

20 Detector run: 4kg Water target ECC Detector Run Hybrid analysis with INGRID for Water ECC-SFT system J-PARC INGRID Scintillating Fiber Tracker ν Cooling shelter (<10 ) Water ECC target mass ~4kg Exposure: Run1: 2017 Oct.-Dec. Run2: 2018 Apr.-Jun.

Precise measurement of 2p-2h. Exclusive measurement of ν e int.

21 21 Future prospects:physics Run We are planning the Physics Run to investigateν water interactions with large detector. Precise measurement of 2p-2h. Exclusive measurement of ν e int. Reduction of systematic uncertainty of neutrino oscillation measurements

22 Summary 22 There are many projects of next generation neutrino experiments which aim at finding the CP violating phase in the PMNS matrix, probing the neutrino mass hierarchy, search for sterile neutrinos and so on. These experiment plan to discover the rare effects and study them by measuring neutrino interactions precisely. Toward these goals, a lot of R&D activities for novel (near) detectors are going on in order to reduce systematic uncertainties. We are performinga neutrino experiments at J-PARC to study low energy neutrino -nucleus interactions and exploration of a possible existence of sterile neutrinos by introducing nuclear emulsion(ninja Experiment). We are carryingout a test experiment at J-PARC (T60/T66/T68) to checkthe feasibility and detector performance. Beam exposure, film development and film scanning (data taking) for the 60kg iron target ECC was successfully done. The analysis is now in progress. We continue to expose νbeam for R&D of water target ECC and will make a detailed plan of future Physics Run.

Proposal for precise measurement of. neutrino-water cross-section in NINJA physics run

Proposal for precise measurement of neutrino-water cross-section in NINJA physics run December 14, 2017 The NINJA Collaboration S. Aoki 1, N.Chikuma 2, T. Fukuda 3,*, Y. Hanaoka 4, T. Hayashino 5, Y. Hayato