Drell-Yan Experiment with J-PARC Polarized Proton Beam. IWHSS08 in Torino April 2 nd, 2008 Yuji Goto (RIKEN/RBRC)
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1 Drell-Yan Experiment with J-PARC Polarized Proton Beam IWHSS08 in Torino April 2 nd, 2008 Yuji Goto (RIKEN/RBRC)
2 Introduction Outline J-PARC facility origin of the nucleon spin 1/2 Drell-Yan measurement unpolarized measurement polarized measurement quark spin, gluon spin, and orbital angular momentum of quark and gluon longitudinal and transverse spin measurements Polarized proton acceleration at J-PARC April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 2
3 J-PARC at Tokai KAMIOKA 295 km JAERI JAEA 1 hour KEK Tsukuba Tokai TOKYO NARITA April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 3
4 J-PARC facility Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Hadron Beam Facility Nuclear Transmutation 500 m Neutrino to Kamiokande Linac (330m) 3 GeV Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1MW) 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75 MW) J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Joint Project between KEK and JAEA April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 4
5 J-PARC facility The budget for about 2/3 of the entire project has been approved by the Japanese government from JFY2001 as phase 1 Phase 1 consists of major accelerator components and a part of experimental facilities April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 5
6 50 GeV beam J-PARC parameters repetition 3.4 ~ 5 (or 6) sec flat top width 0.7 ~ 2 (or 3) sec linac energy 400 MeV ppp, 15 μa beam power 750 kw 30 GeV beam (phase-1) linac energy 180 MeV ppp, 9 μa beam power 270 kw April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 6
7 Construction Start Time when this schedule was created NOW Facility Operation April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 7
8 Almost on schedule Construction successful operation at 3 GeV the next major milestone is an injection and an extraction at the 50 GeV MR injection to MR in May open for users by December 2008 beams to the hadron hall by December 2008 neutrino beams from April 2009 April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 8
9 LINAC RCS ν MLSF 50GeV-PS Hd April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 9 Bird s eye photo in Nov. 2006
10 Hadron experimental hall (phase 1) beamlines for secondary beam experiments at the beginning of the phase1 Experimental Area Test Beam A-Line Beam Dump (on the guide rail for Phase 2) area for primary beam experiments April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 10
11 Hadron Hall Beamlines Now Summer of 2007 April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 11
12 Oct. Dec. Neutrino April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 12
13 J-PARC proposals P04: measurement of high-mass dimuon production at the 50-GeV proton synchrotron spokespersons: Jen-Chieh Peng (UIUC) and Shinya Sawadas (KEK) collaboration: Abilene Christian Univ., ANL, Duke Univ., KEK, UIUC, LANL, Pusan National Univ., RIKEN, Seoul National Univ., TokyoTech, Tokyo Univ. of Science, Yamagata Univ. including polarized physics program, but not discussed deferred P24: polarized proton acceleration at J-PARC contact persons: Yuji Goto (RIKEN) and Hikaru Sato (KEK) collaboration: ANL, BNL, UIUC, KEK, Kyoto Univ., LANL, RCNP, RIKEN, RBRC, Rikkyo Univ., TokyoTech, Tokyo Univ. of Science, Yamagata Univ. polarized Drell-Yan included as a physics case no decision Next proposal for the polarized physics program to be submitted April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 13
14 Origin of the nucleon spin 1/2? = 2 1 ΔΣ + Δg + L EMC experiment at CERN total quark spin constitutes a small fraction of the nucleon spin ΔΣ = 12 ± 9(stat) ± 14(syst)% integration in x = 0 ~ 1 makes uncertainty more data to cover wider x region with more precise data necessary SLAC/CERN/DESY/JLAB experiments Gluon spin contribution? scaling violation in polarized DIS success of the evolution equation of the perturbative QCD limited sensitivity due to a limited range of Q 2 semi-inclusive polarized DIS polarized hadron collision Orbital angular momentum? 1 2 J. Ashman et al., NPB 328, 1 (1989). proton spin crisis ΔΣ ~ 20% longitudinally polarized measurements A LL transversely polarized measurements April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 14 = dσ dσ dσ dσ + +
15 Semi-inclusive DIS Gluon spin contribution high p T hadron pairs SMC@CERN high p T hadron pairs COMPASS@CERN high p T hadron pairs open charm production lepton beam or or nucleon target γ * heavy flavor gluon April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 15
16 Gluon spin contribution A LL in neutral pion production mid-rapidity at RHIC, s = 200 GeV A = [ ω ] ΔgΔg + [ ω Δq] Δg + [ ω ΔqΔq] LL gg gq qq ΔG = 0.4 at Q 2 =1(GeV/c) 2 gg + qg dominant sensitive to the gluon reaction ΔG = 0.1 at Q 2 =1(GeV/c) 2 GRSV-std scenario, ΔG = 0.4 at Q 2 = 1(GeV/c) 2, excluded by data on more than 3-sigma level April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 16
17 Flavor-sorted quark polarization Weak boson production RHIC spin s = 500 GeV from 2009 x-range limited no fragmentation ambiguity parity-violating asymmetry A L + W Δu( xa ) d ( xb ) Δd ( xa ) u( xb ) AL = u( xa ) d ( xb ) + d ( xa ) u( xb ) complementary to semiinclusive DIS wider x-range reduction of uncertainties to determine the quak spin contribution ΔΣ and gluon spin contribution ΔG to the proton spin April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 17
18 Transverse single-spin asymmetry (SSA) Link to orbital angular momentum in the nucleon forward rapidity Fermilab E704, s = 20 GeV RHIC, s = 200 GeV π + π K ± p p explained by many undetermined distribution and fragmentation functions: transversity, Sivers function, Collins function April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 18
19 Drell-Yan experiment The simplest process in hadron-hadron reactions DIS Drell-Yan l no QCD final-state effect no polarized Drell-Yan experiment done yet flavor asymmetry of the sea-quark distributions unpolarized and longitudinally-polarized measurements orbital angular momentum in the nucleon Sivers effect (no Collins effect) transversity distribution function, etc. Why at J-PARC? polarized beam feasible in discussions with J-PARC and BNL accelerator physicists high intensity/luminosity for small Drell-Yan cross section April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 19 l
20 Flavor asymmetry of sea-quark distribution Fermilab E866 Possible origins meson-cloud model virtual meson-baryon state instanton model chiral quark soliton model Is π + the origin of d -quark excess in the proton? σ pd 0 + p pπ, nπ, chiral quark model ~ 1 2 d ( x + 2) 1 u ( x ) pp 2σ 2 Δπ April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 20 σ pd /2σ pp FNAL E866/NuSea Drell-Yan Drell-Yan J/ψ ϒ(1S) ϒ(2S) with CTEQ5M MRST CTEQ4M CTEQ5M CTEQ4M (d _ - u _ = 0) 1% Systematic error not shown x 2 dx[ d ( x) u ( x)] = ± dx[ d ( x) u ( x)] = ± GRV98
21 Dimuon experiment at J-PARC (P04) based on the Fermilab spectrometer for 800 GeV length to be reduced but the aperture to be increased two vertically bending magnets with p T kick of 2.5 GeV/c and 0.5 GeV/c tracking by three stations of MWPC and drift chambers muon id and tracking tapered copper beam dump and Cu/C absorbers placed within the first magnet April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 21
22 Polarized Drell-Yan experiment at J-PARC Longitudinally-polarized measurement A LL measurement flavor asymmetry of sea-quark polarization GS-C GS-A GRSV chiral quark soliton model prediction 120-day run 75% polarization for a protons/spill polarized solid NH3 target, 75% hydrogen polarization and 0.15 dilution factor April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 22
23 Flavor asymmetry of sea-quark polarization Polarized Drell-Yan experiment at J-PARC x = W ± production at RHIC x = GS-C GS-A GRSV reduction of uncertainties to determine the quak spin contribution ΔΣ and gluon spin contribution ΔG to the proton spin April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 23
24 Polarized Drell-Yan experiment at J-PARC Orbital angular momentum in hadron-hadron reaction, no direct link between measurement and theory (yet) but, any partonic transverse motion and correlation should be related Sivers effect / higher-twist effect SSA (A N ) measurement Sivers effect and higher-twist effect provide the same description of SSA on Drell-Yan and semi-inclusive DIS at moderate q T : Λ QCD << q T << Q Sivers function in Drell-Yan should have a sign opposite to that in DIS sensitive QCD test between e+p data and p+p data 4 < M μ+μ- < 5 GeV integrated over q T 1000 fb-1 (120-day run), 75% polarization, no dilution factor Theory calculation by Ji, Qiu, Vogelsang and Yuan based on Sivers function fit of HERMES data April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 24
25 April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 25 Polarized Drell-Yan experiment at J-PARC A TT measurement h 1 (x): transversity remaining leading-order distribution function of the nucleon SSA measurement, sin(φ+φ S ) term h 1 (x): transversity h 1 (1) (x): Boer-Mulders function (1 st moment of) θ φ φ φ θ cos 1 ) cos(2 sin ˆ 2)) (1 ) ( ) ( ( 2)) (1 ) ( ) ( ( ˆ = + + = S S TT q q q q q q q q TT TT a x f x f e x h x h e a A + + = q q q q q q q q x f x f e x h x h e A 2)) (1 ) ( ) ( ( 2)) (1 ) ( ) ( ( 2 1 ˆ (1) 1 2
26 Unpolarized Drell-Yan experiment at J-PARC Boer-Mulders function h 1 (x, k T2 ) angular distribution of unpolarized Drell-Yan ν dσ 3 2 ν 2 = 1 λ cos θ μsin2θcosφ sin θcos2φ σ d 4π Ω Lam-Tung relation reflect the spin-1/2 nature of quarks 1 λ = 2ν violation of the Lam-Tung relation suggests nonperturbative origin ν 0, 1 λ 2ν correlation between transverse quark spin and quark transverse momentum p + d at 800 GeV/c π - + W at 252 GeV/c π - + W at 194 GeV/c With Boer-Mulders function h 1 : ν(π - W µ + µ - X)~valence h 1 (π)*valence h 1 (p) ν(pd µ+µ-x)~valence h 1 (p)*sea h 1 (p) L.Y. Zhu,J.C. Peng, P. Reimer et al. hep-ex/ p April 2, 2008 T (GeV/c) IWHSS08 in Torino 26
27 Polarized proton acceleration at AGS/RHIC Proposed scheme for the polarized proton acceleration at J-PARC is based on the successful experience of accelerating polarized protons to 25 GeV at BNL AGS Full Helical Siberian Snakes Pol. H - Source PHOBOS PHENIX Spin Rotators Absolute Polarimeter (H jet) LINAC 200 MeV Polarimeter BOOSTER rf Dipole AGS STAR RHIC pc Polarimeters Spin Rotators AGS Internal Polarimeter BRAHMS & PP2PP Partial Solenoidal Snake Warm Partial Helical Siberian Snake Cold Partial AGS pc Polarimeters Helical Siberian Snake April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 27
28 Polarized proton acceleration at J-PARC pc CNI Polarimeter Pol. H - Source Pol. H - Source PHOBOS 180/400 MeV Polarimeter Absolute Polarimeter (H jet) rf Dipole PHENIX LINAC BOOSTER 200 MeV Polarimeter rf Dipole AGS STAR RHIC pc Polarimeters AGS Internal Polarimeter BRAHMS Extracted & PP2PP Beam Polarimeter 30% Partial Helical Siberian Snakes Warm Partial Helical Siberian Snake Cold Partial AGS pc Polarimeters Helical Siberian Snake April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 28
29 Accelerating polarized protons in the MR AGS 25% superconducting helical snake helical dipole coil correction solenoid and dipoles measured twist angle 2 deg/cm in the middle ~4 deg/cm at ends April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 29
30 Accelerating polarized protons in the MR Possible location of partial helical snake magnets in the MR First 30% snake Second 30% snake April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 30
31 Summary Polarized Drell-Yan experiment with dimuon measurment using polarized proton beam at J-PARC has a rich physics programs flavor asymmetry of sea-quark polarization higher precision for ΔΣ and ΔG SSA measurements for Sivers and higher-twist effects and transversity link to orbital-angular momentum We propose to make the J-PARC facility allow acceleration of polarized proton beams to GeV feasible in discussion with J-PARC and BNL accelerator physicists technically, there is no showstopper Relation to COMPASS Drell-Yan experiment complementary programs: valence-valence reaction at COMPASS and valence-sea reaction at J-PARC Sivers function measurement: valence-quark from J-PARC polarized beam by measuring forward rapidity region, and valence u- and d-quark from COMPASS polarized target by measuring central rapidity region April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 31
32 Backup slides
33 J-PARC schedule first beam for the nuclear -particle experiments in JFY2008 first beam for the neutrino experiments in JFY2009 June, 2007: Completion of civil construction of the Hadron Hall December, 2007: Start of dry run of the main-ring synchrotron May, 2008: Start of beam commissioning of the main-ring synchrotron December 2008: Acceleration to 30 GeV and the first beam to the Hadron Hall April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 33
34 Dimuon experiment at J-PARC Proposal and collaborators April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 34
35 April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 35
36 Gluon spin contribution PHENIX A LL of π 0 GRSV-std scenario, ΔG = 0.4 at Q 2 = 1(GeV/c) 2, excluded by data on more than 3-sigma level, χ 2 (std) χ 2 min > 9 only experimental statistical uncertainties included (the effect of systematic uncertainties expected to be small in the final results) theoretical uncertainties not included Calc. by W.Vogelsang and M.Stratmann χ x=[ ] ΔG GRSV ~ x=[0 1] ~ 0.6 ΔG GRSV No theoretical uncertainties included PHENIX Preliminary Run5: hep-ex Run6: Preliminary " ΔG=-G" " ΔG=0" "std" "ΔG=G" x=[ ] 2 2 ΔG GRSV (Q =1 GeV ) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 36
37 April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 37 Flavor-sorted quark polarization various quark and antiquark polarization individually additional test of the smallness of the quak spin contribution ΔΣ semi-inclusive DIS HERMES P qh (x,z): purity unpolarized quantity Δ = Δ i i h q i h i i i h i i i i h x q z x P z dzd x q e z dzd x q e A ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ~ s s d d u u Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ Δ,,,,, ± ± = K h, π
38 Flavor-sorted quark polarization Weak boson production A W L + RHIC spin s = 500 GeV 2009 parity-violating asymmetry A L = Δu( x u( x a a ) d ( x ) d ( x b b ) Δd ( xa ) u( x ) + d ( x ) u( x ) reduction of uncertainties to determine the quak spin contribution ΔΣ and gluon spin contribution ΔG to the proton spin a b b ) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 38
39 Distribution and fragmentation functions Transversity distribution function δq( x) = h1 ( x) distribution of the transverse-spin of a parton inside the transversely polarized proton Sivers distribution function correlation between the transverse-spin of the proton and the transverse-momentum of an unpolarized parton inside the proton (p T2 ) Collins fragmentation function correlation between the transverse spin of a fragmenting quark and the transverse momentum of the outgoing hadron relative to the quark (k T2 ) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 39 T 2 f 1T ( x, pt 2 H 1 ( z, kt ) )
40 Dimuon experiment at J-PARC (P04) Unpolarized measurement with proton and deuterium targets σ pd /2σ pp FNAL E866/NuSea Drell-Yan Drell-Yan J/ψ ϒ(1S) ϒ(2S) MRST CTEQ4M CTEQ5M CTEQ4M (d _ - u _ = 0) 1% Systematic error not shown GRV x 2 April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 40
41 J/ψ Physics at 30 GeV gluon fusion or quark-pair annihilation quark-pair annihilation dominant must be confirmed experimentally similar physics topics as Drell-Yan process l calculations by color-evaporation model l q + l J/Ψ q V g q V g l l April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 41
42 Physics at 30 GeV SSA measurement of open charm production no single-spin transfer to the final state sensitive to initial state effect: Sivers effect collider energies: gluonfusion dominant sensitive to gluon Sivers effect fixed-target energies: quarkpair annihilation dominant sinsitive to quark Sivers effect J-PARC: E lab = 50 GeV RHIC: s = 200 GeV M. Anselmino, U. D Alesio, F. Murgia, et al. April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 42
43 Polarized proton acceleration How to keep the polarization given by the polarized proton source depolarizing resonance imperfection resonance magnet errors and misalignments intrinsic resonance vertical focusing field weaken the resonance fast tune jump harmonic orbit correction intensify the resonance and flip the spin rf dipole snake magnet How to monitor the polarization polarimeters April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 43
44 Modes of operation Operation mode of the J-PARC MR should be: 50 GeV maximum energy proton/spill (~10 36 cm -2 s -1 luminosity with a ~5% interation target) 8 bunches proton/bunch at RCS 0.5 s spill length (working assumption) 80% polarization 10πmm mrad normalized 95% emittance and 0.3 evs longitudinal emittance April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 44
45 High-intensity polarized H - source OPPIS parameters required: 0.16 ma peak H - ion current in 500 μsec pulse H - ion/pulse 50Hz repetition rate 1.0πmm mrad normalized emittance 35 kev beam energy 85% polarization April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 45
46 High-intensity polarized H - source RHIC OPPIS built at KEK and upgraded at TRIUMF ma (max. 1.6 ma) H - ion current in 400 μsec pulse H - ion/pulse 7 Hz max. repetition rate 1 Hz routine repetition rate 82-85% polarization Rb cell probe laser H - pumping laser 29.2 GHz ECR superconducting proton source solenoid Na jet April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino ionizer cell 46
47 Issues High-intensity polarized H - source where to locate the polarized H - source how to merge the polarized beam to the existing beam line may require RFQ maintenance of the laser system April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 47
48 Polarimeter From source to RCS at the end of the linac proton-carbon inclusive polarimeter similar to that at BNL Stripping foil μg/cm 2 stripping foil for injection to RCS need to be replaced by 100 μg/cm 2 foil to have better dp/p April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 48
49 Accelerating polarized protons in the RCS Kinetic energy from 0.18 GeV to 3 GeV Gγ = 2.2 ~ 7.5 betatron tune ν y = 6.35 Gγ = 9 y ν (2.65) Gγ = 12 ν y (5.65) Gγ = + ν (3.35) 3 y Gγ = + ν (6.35) 0 y by Mei Bai (BNL) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 49
50 Accelerating polarized protons in the RCS 5 imperfection resonances Gγ = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 corrected by harmonic orbit correction 4 intrinsic resonances betatron tune ν y = 6.35 Gγ = 2.65 (9-ν y ), 3.35 (-3+ν y ), 5.65 (12-ν y ), 6.35 (0+ν y ) first small resonance is corrected by fast tune jump latter three strong resonances are completely (> 99%) spinflipped by a rf dipole 20 Gm vertical rf dipole smaller size of beam (comparing to 7cm painting beam) required: operational issue April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 50
51 Accelerating polarized protons in the RCS Issues where to locate the rf dipole design of the rf dipole beam monitor system to cover a wide dynamic range between high-intensity unpolarized beam ( /bunch) and polarized beam ( /bunch) position monitor necessary to calculate the magnetic field error and correct it by the harmonic orbit correction spin tracking to be done April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 51
52 Accelerating polarized protons in the MR Kinetic energy from 3 GeV to 50 GeV Gγ = 7.5 ~ 97.5 betatron tune ν x = , ν y = injection 30 GeV extraction 50 GeV extraction April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 52
53 Accelerating polarized protons in the MR Two superconducting 30% partial helical Siberian snakes separated by 120 degree installed in two of the three straight sections: avoid all vertical depolarizing resonances Two quadrupole doublets to compensate perturbation of the lattice by the snakes at low energies full spin flip at all imperfection and strong intrinsic resonances using partial Siberian snake and rf dipole at AGS April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 53
54 Accelerating polarized protons in the MR Spin tracking ν x = , ν y = average of 12 particles on an ellipse of 8π mm mrad by A.U. Luccio (BNL) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 54
55 No serious issues Issues Primary beam extraction operational issues tune change for the extraction vertical bend of the beam line beam profile monitor system for the stability of beam intensity, position, and spot size to provide a systematical control of the experimental data quality spin rotator magnet necessary to manipulate a direction of beam polarization April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 55
56 Proton-carbon elastic-scattering polarimeter Requirements known analyzing power A N small systematic error quick measurement (~1 min) AGS/RHIC pc CNI polarimeter elastic scattering in the coulomb-nuclear interference region micro-ribbon carbon target in the circulating beam detecting recoil carbon nucleus arrival time from time-zero to Si sensors WFD image provided by K. Kurita (Rikkyo) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 56
57 Proton-carbon elastic-scattering polarimeter Proton-carbon CNI polarimeter at J-PARC no time-zero information coincidence measurement between the recoiled carbons and the forward going protons with the extracted beam economical solution which provides a quick turnaround to optimize machine parameters to achieve maximum polarization April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 57
58 Absolute polarimeter Proton-proton and proton-carbon elastic scattering at 31.2 GeV of the RHIC beam measured analyzing power data at 31.2 GeV of the RHIC beam available for calibration of absolute polarimeter of the main ring (gas jet) and/or extracted beam (solid target) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 58
59 Cost for polarized proton acceleration Rough estimation based on the cost at BNL 200 million yen high-intensity polarized H - source OPPIS / RFQ / polarimeter 50 million yen from source to RCS proton-carbon inclusive polarimeter / stripping foil upgrade 100 million yen acceleration at RCS rf dipole magnet / beam monitor system upgrade 500 million yen acceleration at MR two superconducting 30% partial helical Siberian snakes / two quadrupole doublets 250 million yen primary beam extraction beam profile monitor system / spin rotators 100 million yen proton-carbon CNI polarimeter million yen absolute polarimeter gas jet in the main ring and/or solid target with the extracted beam Total 1,300 1,500 million yen April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 59
60 Polarized target Michigan polarized target existing at KEK target thickness ~3 cm (1% target) maybe operational with ppp (luminosity ~10 34 cm -2 s -1 ) April 2, 2008 IWHSS08 in Torino 60
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