High-energy hadron physics at J-PARC

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1 KEK theory center workshop on Hadron and Nuclear Physics in 2017 KEK, January 7-10, 2017 High-energy hadron physics at J-PARC Wen-Chen Chang Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica

2 Outline High-momentum beamline at J-PARC Physics programs: Charm and strangeness production Hard exclusive process Exclusive Drell-Yan process Summary 2

3 Neutrino Beams (to Kamioka) Linac 3 GeV Synchrotron J-PARC Facility (KEK/JAEA) South to North Experimental Areas Materials and Life Experimental Facility JFY2007 Beams JFY2008 Beams JFY2009 Beams Bird s eye photo in January of 2008 Hadron Exp. Facility 3

4 Hadron Experimental Facility (HEF) SKS K1.8 Oct.2009 Oct.2009 K1.8BR Jan.2009 KL K1.1(plan) Beam Lines Experiment Secondary particles Max. Mom. Max. Intensity K1.8 Hypernuclei, Hadron Physics with S p, K, p (2 separators) < 2.0 GeV/c ~10 5 Hz for K + K1.8BR Hadron Physics with S p, K, p (1 separator) < 1.0 GeV/c ~10 4 Hz for K + K1.1BR Lepton Flavor violation p, K, p (1 separator) < 1.1 GeV/c ~10 4 Hz for K + KL Neutral K rare decay Neural Kaon ~ 2 GeV/c ~10 6 Hz Intense pion, kaon beam in the momentum range of ~ 1 GeV/c 4

5 J-PARC High-momentum Beam Line (Hi-P BL) High-intensity secondary Pion beam High-resolution beam: Δp/p ~ 0.1% 15kW Loss Target (SM) 30 GeV proton 5

6 Counts/sec Counts/sec J-PARC High-momentum Beam Line (Hi-P BL) High-intensity secondary Pion beam High-resolution beam: Δp/p ~ 0.1% Negative Hadron Beams (Prod. Angle = 0 deg.) Positive Hadron Beams (Prod. Angle = 3.1 deg.) 1.0E E E E E E+04 p - K - p bar 1.0E E E E E E+04 K + p + 1.0E E [GeV/c] [GeV/c] * Sanford-Wang: 15 kw Loss on Pt, Acceptance :1.5 msr%, m 6

7 Charm and Strange production process 7

8 Di-quark Correlation in Heavy-quark system H. Noumi, KEK workshop

9 J-PARC E50 Stage-1 approved by J-PARC PAC-18, August 12, H. Noumi, KEK workshop

10 J-PARC E50 Stage-1 approved by J-PARC PAC-18, August 12, H. Noumi, KEK workshop

11 Charmed Baryon Spectroscopy H. Noumi, KEK workshop

12 Pentaquark P c H. Noumi, KEK workshop

13 Ξ Baryon Spectroscopy (LOI) 13

14 (GeV/c) Ξ Spectroscopy with kaon beam Missing & Invariant Mass Spectroscopy 5 GeV/c K p reaction up to 2.5 GeV Ξ * by K* tagging, threshold momentum for 2.5 GeV Ξ production is 5.5 GeV/c. Yield Estimation I K =10 6 /spill σ=1μb dω/4π = 50% 4g/cm 2 LH2 target current limit Threshold momentum in p(k,k+) Ξ(2500) Ξ(2030) Ξ(1950) Ξ(1820) Ξ(1690) Ξ(1530) g.s. Y ~10 4 /day 0 M. Naruki, Baryon

15 Hard exclusive production process 15

16 Quark Structure of Exotic Hadrons T. Hyodo, NSTAR

17 Λ(1405) Y. Kamiya and T. Hyodo [PRC 93, (2016); ]: compositeness property, ഥKN molecule. K. Miyahara and T. Hyodo [PRC 93, (2016); ]: KN local potential based on chiral SU(3) dynamics J. Hall et al. [PRL 114, (2015); ]: Lattice QCD, ഥKN molecule. T. Sekihara and S. Kumano [PRC 89, (2014); ]: radiative decay for determining the compositeness. L. Roca and E. Oset [PRC 87, (2013); ]: Twopole structures, ഥKN and πσ. T. Hyodo [Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 28, (2013); ]: compositeness property. T. Sekihara et al. [Phys.Rev.C83:055202(2011); ]: meson-baryon coupled-channels chiral dynamics, ഥKNmolecule. Production channels, decay, size and medium effect 17

18 Large-angle (Hard) Exclusive Process a + b c + d H. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, (2013) a c s m i a b c d 2, t i (,,, ) b d Gluon propagator External quarks Leading and connected Feynman diagrams Quark propagator 18

19 Large-angle (Hard) Exclusive Process a + b c + d H. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, (2013) a c s m i a b c d 2, t i (,,, ) b Factorization d Gluon propagator External quarks Leading and connected Feynman diagrams Quark propagator 19

20 Constituent-Counting Rule in Hard Exclusive Process H. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, (2013) d 1 ( a+ b c + d ) f ( ) n n + + dt s + p p + + n n 2 CM a + nb nc n - d G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky, PRD 22, 2157 (1980). n n p - + p K + 20

21 Constituent-Counting Rule in Photoproduction of Hyperons Chang, Kumano, Sekihara, PRD 93, (2016) 5 q system: n 11 3 q system: n 9 Λ; n=10.0 Σ; n=11.4 Λ(1405); n=10.6 Λ(1520); n=9.8 21

22 Constituent-Counting Rule in Photoproduction of Hyperons Chang, Kumano, Sekihara, PRD 93, (2016) 5 q system: n 11 3 q system: n 9 Λ(1405) Λ Σ Σ(1385) Λ(1520) 22

23 Valence-Quark Degrees of (1405) H. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, (2013) p - + p + 0 K (1405) T. Sekihara KEK workshop 2015 J-PARC 23

24 Drell-Yan process 24

25 Generalized Transverse-Momentum- Dependent Parton Distribution Functions (GTMDs) F ( t), F ( t) 1 2 f( x) F( x,, t) f( xk, T ) JHEP 08 (2008) 038; 08 (2009)

26 Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) and Drell-Yan Processes 26

27 Parton Distribution Function (PDF) of Proton CT14 ( ) 27

28 Light Antiquark Flavor Asymmetry: Drell-Yan Experiments with Proton Beam Naïve Assumption: NMC (Gottfried Sum Rule): NA51 (Drell-Yan, 1994): E866/NuSea (Drell-Yan, 1998): Time-like process time q Q

29 qq O Drell-Yan decay angular distributions annilation parton model: 0 ( s ) =1, = =0; A A A and are the decay polar and azimuthal angles of the μ + in the dilepton rest-frame Collins-Soper frame d 2 2 (1 + cos + sin 2 cos + sin cos 2 ) d 2 A A ((1 cos ) (1 3cos ) A 2 1 sin 2 cos sin cos 2 ) Lam-Tung relation (1978) Collinear pqcd 1 : O( ), 1 2 =0 ; s - - A A

30 FNAL: Violation of Lam-Tung Relation PRD 39, 92 (1989) 252-GeV p - +W =0 cos2 modulation at large p T 30

31 Theoretical Interpretations of Lam-Tung Violation in pion-induced DY Boer-Mulders Function QCD chromomagnetic effect Glauber gluon Origin of effect Hadron QCD vacuum Pion specific Quark-flavor dependence Yes No No Hadron dependence Yes No Yes Large P T limit 0 Nonzero 0 Violation for πp Violation for Kp Violation for pp ҧ Yes (valence quarks involved) Yes (valence quarks involved) Yes (valence quarks involved) Violation for pp No (sea quarks involved) Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes/No References PRD 60, (1999) Z. Phy. C 60,697 (1993) PLB 726, 262 (2013) Measurements with different beams p, p, K, p over wide kinematical ranges would help differentiating the origin of Lam-Tung violation. No 31

32 Higher Twist Effect at large x π E615 (PRD 39, 92 (1989)) +1 Transversely polarized -1 Longitudinally polarized x p cos 32

33 Higher Twist Effect at large x π Berger and Brodsky (PRL 42, 940, (1979)) d + 2 (1 cos ) 4x k T d (1 - x ) (1 + cos ) + sin p p 2 2 9m 33

34 Semi-Exclusive DY process A. P. Bakulev, N. G. Stefanis, and O. V. Teryaev (Phys. Rev. D 76, (2007)) Pion distribution amplitude Sensitivity of,, to Pion DA x u 34

35 pn + -N (Leading-twist) E.R. Berger, M. Diehl, B. Pire, PLB 523 (2001) 265 Q 2 = q > 0 Q' Q' ( p- p') 2 pq s - + M ( p+ p') 2-2 N x - x + t = p p 2 35

36 Generalized Transverse-Momentum- Dependent Parton Distribution Functions (GTMDs) F ( t), F ( t) 1 2 f( x) F( x,, t) f( xk, T ) JHEP 08 (2008) 038; 08 (2009)

37 Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) x+ x- P GPD GPD ( x,, t) P s t t ( P - P') no spin flip H ( x,, t) H ( x,, t) spin flip E ( x,, t) E ( x,, t) f f 2 5 f f t 0 The first moments H ( x,0,0) q ( x) -q (-x) f f f H ( x,0,0) q ( x) - q (-x) f f f dx H ( x,, t) F (-t) f f dx E ( x,, t) F (-t) f f dx H ( x,, t) G (-t) f f dx E ( x,, t) G (-t) f f 1 2 p A 37

38 GPDs for (unstable) hadrons H. Kawamura and S. Kumano, PRD 89, (2014) Softening of long. mom. fraction x. Softening of transverse form factor. GPDs GDAs 38

39 Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) P x+ GPD GPDs ( x,, t) t t ( P - P') x- P no spin flip H ( x,, t) H ( x,, t) spin flip E ( x,, t) E ( x,, t) f f 2 5 f f t 0 The first moments H ( x,0,0) q ( x) -q (-x) f f f H ( x,0,0) q ( x) - q (-x) f f f dx H ( x,, t) F (-t) f f dx E ( x,, t) F (-t) f f dx H ( x,, t) G (-t) f f dx E ( x,, t) G (-t) Ji s sum rule J L xdx [ H ( x,,0) E ( x,,0)] 1 1 f f 1 f + f + f The orbital angular momentum of quarks can be determined. f f 1 2 p A

40 Worldwide Activities for Measuring GPDs arxiv:

41 Extraction of GPDs Space-like vs. Time-like Processes Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) γ 2 q 2 0 γ s u t 0-1 x, x 1 channel crossing Muller et al., PRD (R) (2012) Time-like Compton Scattering (TCS) - γ q 0 γ + Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP) γ π Exclusive meson-induced DY 2 q π t 0 x q 0 s u channel crossing 41 - γ

42 Differential cross sections T. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka (Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) ; arxiv: ) Q 2 = q 2 = 5 GeV 2 at 2 2 Q' Q' 2 2 pq s - M N 0.2 at t = p p 2 = GeV 2 Production is dominant at forward angles Cross sections increase toward small s ( low beam energy) 42

43 Sensitivity to Pion DAs T. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka (Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) ; arxiv: ) GPDs: GK

44 Leading-Twist Diagram 44

45 Pion-pole Dominance for E 45

46 Time-like Pion FF 2 F ( Q' ) p 46

47 Differential cross sections with an updated time-like pion FF S.V. Goloskokov, P. Kroll, PLB 748 (2015) P. Kroll, MENU 2016

48 Beyond the Leading Twist S.V. Goloskokov, P. Kroll, PLB 748 (2015) 323 Transversity GPDs: H T, തE T 48

49 Non-factorizable Mechanisms K. Tanaka, MENU 2016, KEK workshop

50 Light-cone QCD Sum-Rule K. Tanaka, MENU 2016, KEK workshop

51 Counts/sec Counts/sec J-PARC High-momentum Beam Line (Hi-P BL) High-intensity secondary Pion beam High-resolution beam: Δp/p ~ 0.1% Negative Hadron Beams (Prod. Angle = 0 deg.) Positive Hadron Beams (Prod. Angle = 3.1 deg.) 1.0E E E E E E+04 p - K - p bar 1.0E E E E E E+04 K + p + 1.0E E [GeV/c] [GeV/c] * Sanford-Wang: 15 kw Loss on Pt, Acceptance :1.5 msr%, m 51

52 Total LO cross sections BMP2001 GK2013 J-PARC (Pp=10-20 GeV) σ = 5 ~15 pb CERN COMPASS (Pp= 190 GeV) = 0.65 pb 52

53 Extension of J-PARC E50 Experiment for Drell-Yan measurement Top View Muon-ID Wall (0.2m) (2.3 m) (2.4x1.8 m 2 ) (3.5x2.5 m 2 ) Original Configuration for Charmed Baryon Spectroscopy Extension part Proposal is currently being prepared. 53

54 Simulation Assumptions: Target : 57cm LH 2 (n TGT = 4 g/cm 2 ) Beam momentum resolution( Δp/p ) = 0.1 % 1.83/1.58/1.00 *10 7 π /spill for 10/15/20 GeV beam Data Taking: 50 days (*Proposal of E50: 100 days) E50 spectrometers + μ ID system Expected cross sections for the exclusive/inclusive Drell-Yan processes Total hadronic interaction cross sections of π p is about mb while the production of J/ψ is about 1-3 nb 54

55 Event Generator Inclusive Drell-Yan Pythia Exclusive Drell-Yan GPD: BDP 2001: EPJC 23, 675 (2002) GK 2013: EPJC 73, 2278 (2013) GK 2015: PLB 748, 323 (2015) Background JAM Geant (E-50 spectrometer + Muon ID) Yield Estimation Particle Transportation + Detector Total Cross Section Inclusive Drell-Yan (M μμ >1.5 GeV) π - π + 10 GeV 2.11 nb nb 15 GeV 2.71 nb nb 20 GeV 3.08 nb nb Exclusive Drell-Yan (M μμ >1.5 GeV, t-t 0 <0.5 GeV 2 ) π - (BDP 2001) π - (GK 2013) π - (GK 2015) 10 GeV 6.28 pb pb 140 pb 15 GeV 4.66 pb pb 20 pb 20 GeV 3.69 pb 7.24 pb Hadronic Background π - π + 10 GeV 26.9 mb 24.8 mb 15 GeV 25.8 mb 24.1 mb 20 GeV 25.1 mb 23.5 mb 55

56 Invariant mass M μ +μ- spectra T. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka (Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) ; arxiv: ) π Beam Momentum P π = 10 GeV 15 GeV 20 GeV Total InclusiveDrell-Yan Random backgrounds J/ψ J/ψ M μ +μ- (GeV) Missing-mass M μ +μ- (GeV) M X (GeV) Missing-mass M μ +μ- (GeV) M X (GeV) Exclusive Drell-Yan Data Taking: 50 days M μ +μ- > 1.5 GeV t - t 0 < 0.5 GeV 2 GK2013 GPDs 56

57 Missing-mass M X spectra T. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka (Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) ; arxiv: ) π Beam Momentum P π = 10 GeV 15 GeV 20 GeV Total 1.5 < M μ +μ- < 2.9 GeV t - t 0 < 0.5 GeV 2 GK2013 GPDs M X (GeV) M X (GeV) Inclusive J/ψ M X (GeV) Exclusive Drell-Yan Random Drell-Yan backgrounds Data Taking: 50 days The exclusive Drell-Yan events could be identified by the signature peak at the nucleon mass in the missing-mass spectrum for all three pion beam momenta. 57

58 Q 2 or Q 2 (GeV 2 ) Kinematic regions of GPDs explored by space-like and time-like processes x B or τ (GeV 2 ) JLAB, HERMES, COMPASS Space-like approach J-PARC Time-like approach 58

59 Impacts and Prospects Impacts: Factorization of exclusive Drell-Yan process. Universality of GPDs in space-like and time-like processes. Pion DAs. Separation of contributions from GPDs and transversity-gpds through the dilepton angular distributions. Prospects: with an increase of beam time ( days) and beam luminosity and optimization of setup GPD at large-q 2 region QCD-evolution properties of GPDs 59

60 GPD and Transition GPD Transition GPD : L. L. Frankfurt et al., PRD 60, (1999) π p γ n π p γ 0 π n γ π + n γ p π + p γ ++ π + n γ + p, K K p γ Λ K p γ Λ(1405) K p γ Λ(1520) K n γ Σ K + n γ Θ + * pn, N,,, 60

61 Hi-p Collaboration H. Noumi, KEK workshop

62 Summary It is unique to use the hard exclusive processes to investigate the spectroscopy and partonic structures of hadrons at J-PARC. Excited charm and strange baryons. Internal structures of exotic hadrons. GPDs in the time-like processes; pion DAs, Transition GPD. A high-p collaboration is formed to realize the broad experimental programs in the coming highmomentum beamline at J-PARC. 62