The UCN facility and EDM experiment at TRIUMF

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Canada s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics Laboratoire national canadien pour la recherche en physique nucléaire et en physique des particules The UCN facility and EDM experiment

Jamieson 4,5, S. C. Jeong 2, S. Kawasaki 2, A. Konaka 1, E. Korkmaz 7, M. Lang 5, L. Lee 1, R. Mammei 4, J. Mammei 5, J. Martin 4,5, Y. Masuda 2, R. Matsumiya 6, K. Matsuta 8, M. Mihara 8, A.

Watanabe 2 5YP contributions Accelerating Science for Canada Un accélérateur de la démarche scientifique canadienne (1)TRIUMF, Vancouver (2)High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK),

Prince George (8)Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka (9)University of British Columbia, Vancouver (10) Simon Frasier University, Burnaby Owned and operated as a joint venture by a

1 Canada s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics Laboratoire national canadien pour la recherche en physique nucléaire et en physique des particules The UCN facility and EDM experiment at TRIUMF A Japanese-Canadian collaboration R. Picker 1, T. Adachi 2, K. Asahi 3, C. Bidinosti 4,5, J. Birchall 5, C. Davis 1, F. Doresty 5, W. Falk 5, M. Gericke 5, K. Hatanaka 6, B. Jamieson 4,5, S. C. Jeong 2, S. Kawasaki 2, A. Konaka 1, E. Korkmaz 7, M. Lang 5, L. Lee 1, R. Mammei 4, J. Mammei 5, J. Martin 4,5, Y. Masuda 2, R. Matsumiya 6, K. Matsuta 8, M. Mihara 8, A.Miller 1, E.Miller 9, T. Momose 9, D. Ramsay 1, S. Page 5, E. Pierre 1,6, Y.Shin 1,6, J. Sonier 10, H. Takahashi 2, K.H. Tanaka 2, I. Tanihata 6, W. van Oers 1,5, Y. Watanabe 2 5YP contributions Accelerating Science for Canada Un accélérateur de la démarche scientifique canadienne (1)TRIUMF, Vancouver (2)High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba (3)Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (4)University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg (5)University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (6)RCNP, Osaka University, Osaka (7)University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George (8)Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka (9)University of British Columbia, Vancouver (10) Simon Frasier University, Burnaby Owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian universities via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada Propriété d un consortium d universités canadiennes, géré en co-entreprise à partir d une contribution administrée par le Conseil national de recherches Canada

2 Reminder: Why measure EDMs? Many non-standard Model theories predict large electric dipole moments e.g. nedm constrains squark masses in mini-split supersymmetric models Sept. 2013: arxiv: v2 2

3 Reminder: Why measure EDMs? Many non-standard Model theories predict large EDMs e.g. nedm constrains squark masses in mini-split supersymmetric models Baryogenesis Sakharov Conditions: (A.D. Sakharov, JETP Lett. 5, 24-27, 1967) matter <-> antimatter asymmetry requires: (1) Baryon number violation (2) Departure from thermal equilibrium (3) T (CP)violation EDMs are CP violating need more! ecm TRIUMF: Fr EDM goal: ecm H. Abele, Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys., Vol. 60, Issue 1, Jan. 2008,

4 Neutron EDMs worldwide RAL/ SUSSEX /ILL (Grenoble, FR) PSI (Villigen, CH) TUM (Munich, DE) US (Oakridge) CryoILL (Grenoble, FR) Russian (Grenoble, FR Dubna, RU) temp RT RT RT 0.7 K 0.7 K RT RT TRIUMF (Vancouver, CA) comag Hg Hg Hg 3 He none none Xe+Hg source reactor, turbine spall., sd 2 reactor, sd 2 spall, internal 4 He reactor, internal 4 He reactor, turbine, ( 4 He) nr of cells >1 1-2 spall., 4 He goal [ecm] <10-27 date

5 Neutron EDMs worldwide RAL/ SUSSEX /ILL (Grenoble, FR) PSI (Villigen, CH) TUM (Munich, DE) SNS EDM (Oakridge, US) CryoEDM (Grenoble, FR) Russian (Grenoble, FR Dubna, RU) temp RT RT RT 0.7 K 0.7 K RT RT TRIUMF (Vancouver, CA) comag Hg Hg Hg 3 He none none Xe+Hg source reactor, turbine spall., sd 2 reactor, sd 2 spall, internal 4 He reactor, internal 4 He reactor, turbine, ( 4 He) nr of cells >1 1-2 goal [ecm] date spall., 4 He comment great! source problem regulatory issues completely new concept long develop. times old experiment?? 5

geometric phase effect (GPE) small steps, build on established ILL technique and RCNP expertise

6 Why do we think we have an edge? large UCN density with 4 He UCN source (goal 3x10 3 UCN/cm 3 polarized) small cell less geometric phase effect (GPE) small steps, build on established ILL technique and RCNP expertise dual co-magnetometer cancel GPE room temperature experiment shorter development cycles less risk D K 4 He source at RCNP RAL/SUSSEX/ILL EDM Ramsay fringes at RCNP 6

7 Why do we need UCN? EDM sensitivity: σ d = 2αET N Because ultra-cold neutrons are totally reflected by suitable materials under all angles of incidence. long observation time T enough from our new source. sufficient statistics N polarizable to 100 %. good visibility α α : visibility E : electr. field T : observation time N : nr of UCN 7

8 Project structure What is our approach? Japanese group builds UCN source (KEK, RCNP) successful prototype at RCNP ( ) commissioning of new source for TRIUMF (2013) UCN and EDM development at RCNP ( ) TRIUMF builds beamline first installations 2014 finishing of beam line up to spall. target (2015) further EDM development in Canada (Univ. Winnipeg, Univ. Manitoba, UBC, Simon Fraser Univ., TRIUMF) first UCN at TRIUMF in 2016 (5-10 µa beam) full 40 µa in 2018 EDM sensitivity goals ecm (2017) ecm (2019) 8

9 How do we make UCN at TRIUMF? Spallation Moderation Conversion d 75 cm 10 K D 2 O or D 2 44 cm He-II 300 K D 2 O 30 cm MeV neutrons Graphite W-Target Spallation target, thermal and cold moderator and He-II converter 480 MeV protons 9

10 The UCN source at TRIUMF 10

11 BL1U upstream 11 Kicker magnet: deflects every third proton bunch upwards ordered from Danfysik 8/2013 Bending dipole provided by KEK deflects beam by 7 more mapped, in shipment to TRIUMF Lambertson septum: beam separation in center 70 mm deflects upper beam by 9 to the left into BL1U TRIUMF machine shop is working on modifications

12 Magnetic shielding and fields prototyping at Univ. Winnipeg SC polarizer BL1U downstream He-II cryostat 0.8 K pumping on 3 He 12 EDM cell and HV at TRIUMF Comagnetometer at UBC UCN detector at UWpg Cold moderator cryostat heavy water and deuterium 3 He- 4 He heat exchanger Steering quads available at TRIUMF Spallation target beam power: 20 kw (during 1 min beam on target) and 5 kw (average) tungsten water cooled manufacturing process is currently qualified in Japan

13 Installation schedule : septum dipole replacement of shielding towards cyclotron 2014 Shutdown

Installation schedule II 14 2014: septum dipole replacement of shielding towards cyclotron 2015 Non-Shutdown & 2016 Shutdown 2015/16: target moderators He-II

14 Installation schedule II : septum dipole replacement of shielding towards cyclotron 2015 Non-Shutdown & 2016 Shutdown 2015/16: target moderators He-II cryostat UCN guides UCN polarizer finish shielding 2015 Shutdown 2015 Shutdown 2014 Shutdown 2015: kicker decommissioning of existing beamline M13 quads source shielding

15 a lot of steel and concrete... UCN source fully shielded 15

16 Status at RCNP, Osaka early 2013 June 2013 Nov, Dec 2013 UCN source cryostat completed source cryostat cold test; 0.7 K reached commissioning with proton beam at RCNP polarizer Nov 12 Nov 8 November 13,

17 Status at RCNP, Osaka early 2013 June 2013 UCN source cryostat completed source cryostat cold test; 0.7 K reached Nov, Dec 2013 commissioning with proton beam at RCNP 2014 development of EDM components with UCN November 13,

through total reflection RF coils for 90 spin flip Analysis: 180 spin flipper analyzer

18 Our EDM experimental cycle 18 Polarization: NMR: 4 T magnet creates 240 nev uniform barrier for magnetic one spin field species of UCN large electric field B E UCN material storage through total reflection RF coils for 90 spin flip Analysis: 180 spin flipper analyzer (saturated iron foil) UCN detector look at energy (frequency) shift under field inversion: ε = h ν = 4Ed n

19 Ingredients for a next generation nedm experiment we are working on: ideal magnetic environment co-magnetometer efficient UCN detection strong electric field long storage, spin holding times 19

Magnetic environment active shielding passive shielding creation of stable and homogeneous B fields magnetometry Univ. Winnipeg Dual Co-magnetometer 199 Hg 129 Xe n Spin ½ ½ ½ γ(mhz/t) 7.65-11.77-29.

20 Magnetic environment active shielding passive shielding creation of stable and homogeneous B fields magnetometry Univ. Winnipeg Dual Co-magnetometer 199 Hg 129 Xe n Spin ½ ½ ½ γ(mhz/t) UCN capt. σ (barns) transition (nm) transition process nm nm onephoton twophot n Univ. Brit. Col., Simon Fraser Univ. LANL Canadian EDM R&D UCN detection conventional 3 He detectors too slow principle n+ 6 Li 3 H (2.74 MeV) + 4 He (2.05 MeV) high rate capability Li glass scintillators + lightguide + PMTs Univ. Winnipeg, Univ. Manitoba, TRIUMF Electric field, UCN cell dielectric strength of Xe at 10-3 mbar unknown 50x100 mm cylindrical test cell UCN MC simulations systematics spin tracking TRIUMF

UCN facility at TRIUMF 21 second UCN experiment port

detector and guide tests long term: for experiments

included in our EDM/UCN CFI request 2014 big step

21 UCN facility at TRIUMF 21 second UCN experiment port very valuable short term: for beam development, detector and guide tests long term: for experiments besides EDM: lifetime, neutron decay, charge, gravity included in our EDM/UCN CFI request 2014 big step towards a real user facility will attract UCN physicists from around the world

The first phase is relying as little as possible on TRIUMF resources.

22 Conclusion 22 UCNs are very versatile tools for nuclear & particle physics The TRIUMF UCN project is a Japanese-Canadian collaboration. The first phase is relying as little as possible on TRIUMF resources. 5YP contains necessary investments for intensity upgrade (1.6 M$) Prospect of a world leading UCN facility

23 Backups 23

Optimization of cold moderator for TRIUMF phase 24 (Acsion, Uwpg, TRIUMF) existing design for a few µa at RCNP problematic for 40 µa at TRIUMF Wigner energy from graphite high dose rate

24 Optimization of cold moderator for TRIUMF phase 24 (Acsion, Uwpg, TRIUMF) existing design for a few µa at RCNP problematic for 40 µa at TRIUMF Wigner energy from graphite high dose rate during disassembly UCN guide 10 K sd K He-II 300 K D 2 0 spallation target graphite aluminum using liquid D 2 instead of solid D 2 O increases UCN yield and allows further optimization

order of magnitude 25 1 m 16 K D 2 graphite graphite UCN guide 0.

25 Optimization effort MCNPX and MicroShield have been used (Acsion Industries) current most promising setup decreases heating of He-II significantly increases UCN yield by up to an order of magnitude 25 1 m 16 K D 2 graphite graphite UCN guide 0.8 K He-II 300 K D K D 2 0 spallation target lead beryllium/albemet requires support from 5YP, KEK and RCNP

EDM and magnetics 26 Dominant systematic uncertainties are related to magnetics Best nedm limit so far (ILL/RAL/SUSSEX): 2.

26 EDM and magnetics 26 Dominant systematic uncertainties are related to magnetics Best nedm limit so far (ILL/RAL/SUSSEX): e cm Requirements for ecm B 0 ca 1 µt Homogeneity < nt/m < 100 pt across the cell Stability controlled to < pt active compensation coils B 0,1 UCN comag PRL 97, (2006)

NMOR sensors) shield delivered to UWpg 8/2013 first measurements have started B0,1

27 Magnetic enviroment for EDM 27 active shielding 4-layer ferromagnetic shield prototype (Amuneal) theoretical DC shielding factor >10 6 evaluate magnetometry (fluxgates, GMI, NMOR sensors) shield delivered to UWpg 8/2013 first measurements have started B0,1 coils: self shielded or shield coupled? 2.5 m (UWpg) active compensation coils B 0,1 UCN comag

28 Co-magnetometer for UCN Co-magnetometer : correction of the fluctuations of magnetic fields ILL/RAL/SUSSEX : Hg co-magnetometer 10 pt active compensation coils B 0,1 UCN comag 28

Dual-Comagnetometer 199Hg, 129Xe dual co-magnetometer (UBC) 199 Hg 129 Xe n Spin ½ ½ ½ γ(mhz/t) 7.65-11.77-29.16 UCN capture σ (barns) 2150 21.0 transition (nm) 253.7 nm 252.

29 Dual-Comagnetometer 199Hg, 129Xe dual co-magnetometer (UBC) 199 Hg 129 Xe n Spin ½ ½ ½ γ(mhz/t) UCN capture σ (barns) transition (nm) nm nm transition process one-photon two-photon Benefits of Xe co-magnetometer 1. Smaller neutron capture cross section. 2. Higher vapor pressure (possible). 3. Two-photon transition: Uncertainty due to light shift is smaller than one-photon transition. Benefits of dual co-magnetometer 1. A cross check on the GPE by two magnetometers (with opposite sign). 2. The laser requirements for Hg and Xe are very similar. Development of the required lasers can proceed along the same path. 3. The Xe atomic EDM may also be measured with Hg co-magnetometer in the same setup. 29

30 conventional 3 He detectors too slow principle n+ 6 Li 3 H (2.74 MeV) + 4 He (2.05 MeV) high rate capability Li glass scintillators + lightguide + PMTs molecular sticking technique of 6 Li enriched and depleted scintillators under development at UWpg UCN detection (UWpg, UofM, TRIUMF) 6 Li depleted on 6 Li enriched scintillator light guides PMTs 30

31 UCN detection (UWpg, UofM, TRIUMF) principle n+ 6 Li 3 H (2.74 MeV) + 4 He (2.05 MeV) high rate capability Li glass scintillators + lightguide + PMTs molecular sticking technique of 6 Li enriched and depleted scintillators 6 Li depleted on 6 Li enriched scintillator light guides PMTs n 31

materials commissioned 8/2013 EDM cell and

32 dielectric strength of Xe at 10-3 mbar unknown HV test setup at TRIUMF 50x100 mm cylindrical test cell field strength goal > 10 kv/cm test of different cell materials commissioned 8/2013 EDM cell and electric field Xe inlet 0.75 m HV cell (TRIUMF) HV feed 32

33 Monte Carlo Simulation: One Example EDM cell (TRIUMF) h UCN source UCN detector Which height of EDM cell is best at what storage time? figure of merrit Figure of merrit maximization low cell, s storage time Plans to simulate: depolarization spin evolution various GPEs 33 M. Losekamm, BSC thesis, W. Schreyer, Diploma thesis, R.P. PhD thesis

minutes n p + e + ν e quark picture weak interaction energy: (m p

34 The physics: Neutron decay a free neutron decays into a proton, an electron and an electron anti-neutrino, lifetime around 15 minutes n p + e + ν e quark picture weak interaction energy: (m p +m e + m ν )c 2 m n c 2 =782 kev three body decay electron spectrum 34

Baryogenesis creation of matter domination over antimatter Sakharov

5, 24-27, 1967) Producing a matter <-> antimatter asymmetry

Baryon: particle made out of three quarks (proton, neutron, lambda)

mesons (2 quarks) (2) Departure from thermal equilibrium Phase

35 Baryogenesis creation of matter domination over antimatter Sakharov Conditions: (A.D. Sakharov, JETP Lett. 5, 24-27, 1967) Producing a matter <-> antimatter asymmetry requires: (1) Baryon number violation (may imply proton decay) Baryon: particle made out of three quarks (proton, neutron, lambda) proton is lightest baryon (uud), could only decay to leptons or mesons (2 quarks) (2) Departure from thermal equilibrium Phase transitions Expansion of the Universe (Inflation) (3) T violation not enough in Standard Model electric dipole moment

Neutron decay: Quark mixing Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa

b Vtd Vts V tb b V + V + V = 1 2 2 2 ud us ub Neutron

9) s = (1 3 ) 2 ud 2 τn + λ λ = GA GV = 1.2695 ± 0.

36 Neutron decay: Quark mixing Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Standard Model d Vud Vus Vub d s = V V V s cd cs cb b Vtd Vts V tb b V + V + V = ud us ub Neutron decay Coupling constants V (1.9) s = (1 3 ) 2 ud 2 τn + λ λ = GA GV = ± λ +R( λ) A = λ PERKEO,UCNA λ a = 1 + 3λ 2 aspect Neutron lifetime τ n 880 s 36

37 The physics: The neutron EDM electric dipole moment in the neutron [e cm] slight displacement of the positive and negative charge cloud along the axis of the magnetic moment so why not?... time reversal violation 37

38 Ramsey s method N. F. Ramsey, Phys.Rev (1949) Nobel Prize 1989 November 38

Ramsey s method N. F. Ramsey, Phys.Rev.76 996 (1949) Nobel Prize 1989 B E 1.

allow free spin precession in (anti-)parallel B and E static fields 4.

39 Ramsey s method N. F. Ramsey, Phys.Rev (1949) Nobel Prize 1989 B E 1. prepare a sample of polarized neutrons 2. make a 90 spin flip ( start clock ) 3. allow free spin precession in (anti-)parallel B and E static fields 4. make another 90 spin flip ( stop clock ) 5. analyze direction of neutron spin look at deviations from 180 spin flip for both E orientations: ε = h ν = 4Ed n November 39

40 Neutron decay correlations West East UCN experiments Electric dipole moment UCN storage volume / decay trap λ +R( λ) A = λ 2 Scintillator LANL Neutron lifetime RAL Sussex ILL p detector magnets Gravity m m2 V ( r ) = G (1 + α e r 1 r / λ ) V (1.9) s = (1 3 ) 2 ud 2 τn + λ 40

41 Neutron decay correlations UCN experiments Electric dipole moment λ +R( λ) A = λ 2 CKM matrix Neutron lifetime Standard Model LANL d Vud Vus Vub d s = V V V s cd cs cb b Vtd Vts V tb b RAL Sussex ILL Gravity m m2 V ( r ) = G (1 + α e r 1 r / λ ) V (1.9) s = (1 3 ) 2 ud 2 τn + λ V + V + V = ud us ub 41

42 Neutron decay correlations λ +R( λ) A = λ 2 Neutron lifetime V CKM matrix Standard Model (1.9) s = (1 3 ) 2 ud 2 τn + λ LANL d Vud Vus Vub d s = V V V s cd cs cb b Vtd Vts V tb b UCN experiments Electric dipole moment Sakharov Conditions: (A.D. Sakharov, JETP Lett. 5, 24-27, 1967) matter <-> antimatter asymmetry through baryogenesis requires: (1) Baryon number violation (2) Departure from thermal equilibrium (3) T (CP)violation RAL Sussex ILL Gravity m m2 V ( r ) = G (1 + α e r 1 r / λ ) V + V + V = ud us ub 42

43 Careful magnetometry is essential! 199 Hg Magnetometer 43

44 Comagnetometer : Present Status and Plan 129 Xe comag 199 Hg comag 2011 Proposal of optically detected two-photon 129 Xe comagnetomer 2012 Characterization of Xe transitions with a pulsed laser. (Eric Miller) Setup and test of continuous flow Xe polarizer at Winnipeg. (Chris Bidinosti) 2013 Move of a Xe SEOP system from SFU to UBC (Jeff Sonier) 2014 Installation of SEOP UBC Measurement of Xe precession by a pulsed laser (UBC) Proposal of Xe/Hg dual comagnetometer (Andy Miller) Construction and test of Hg lamp based 199 Hg comagnetometer (UBC) Construction of CW laser(s) at 250/257 nm (David Jones) Test and characterization of CW pumped Xe comagnetometer (UBC) Construction and test of UV laser based 199 Hg comagnetometer (UBC) Test and characterization of Xe/Hg comagnetometer Xe EDM TRIUMF (Kirk Madison) nedm TRIUMF 44

45 Why UCN? 45 Three major types of experiments EDM Thanks to Makoto for the nice motivation! Neutron decay

46 D K Cold moderator and He-II bottle Al plates in the cold moderator Cryostat with super insulations Thermal moderator 46

47 UCN source road map 47 cold neutron flux measurement (RCNP, June) full cooldown (RCNP, summer) UCN beam time (RCNP, September) shipping to TRIUMF (late 2014) beam line BL1U: Septum, Dipole installation (shutdown 2014) beamline completion: Kicker, Quads, PS (shutdown 2015) spallation target, shielding, UCN source installation (shutdown 2016) UCN commissioning (summer 2016)

Ramsey s method 1. prepare a sample of polarized neutrons 2. make a π/2 spin flip ( start clock ) 3. allow free spin precession in (anti-)parallel B and E static fields 4.

48 Ramsey s method 1. prepare a sample of polarized neutrons 2. make a π/2 spin flip ( start clock ) 3. allow free spin precession in (anti-)parallel B and E static fields 4. make a π/2 spin flip ( stop clock ) 5. analyze direction of neutron spin look at energy (frequency) shift under field inversion: ε = h ν = 4Ed n B field N. F. Ramsey, Phys.Rev (1949) 48

49 EDM approach 49 C. Bidinosti 1, J. Birchall 2, C. Davis 3, T. Dawson 1,2, F. Doresty 2, W. Falk 2, M. Gericke 2, B. Jamieson 1, A. Konaka 3, E. Korkmaz 4, M. Lang 1,2, L. Lee 2,3, J. Mammei 2, R. Mammei 1, J. W. Martin 1, A. Miller 3, E. Miller 5, T. Momose 5, W.D. Ramsay 3, S.A. Page 2, R. Picker 3, E. Pierre 3, Y. Shin 3, W.T.H. van Oers 2,3 1 Winnipeg, 2 Manitoba, 3 TRIUMF, 4 UNBC, 5 UBC Advantages of our EDM approach use established room temperature methods exploite higher UCN density to suppress systematics smaller EDM cell active magnetic shielding, self shielded DC coil geometry Xe-129 comagnetometer: unique to our experiment (2-photon excitation) - also buffer gas for UCN possible?

Current activities 50 EDM Magnetic shielding development (Winnipeg) active magnetic shielding prototype ferromagnetic shielding ordered Xe energy levels

4 nm 252.4 nm 2 <5 ns X two-photon selection (circularly polarized) UCN detector (TRIUMF/Manitoba/Winnipeg) 6 Li glass scint.

50 Current activities 50 EDM Magnetic shielding development (Winnipeg) active magnetic shielding prototype ferromagnetic shielding ordered Xe energy levels hyperfine structure nm Xe-129 comagnetometer (UBC, SFU) 2 photon levels observed Energy / 10 4 cm ~ 950 nm ~ 250 nm nm nm 2 <5 ns X two-photon selection (circularly polarized) UCN detector (TRIUMF/Manitoba/Winnipeg) 6 Li glass scint., light guides, PMTs N+ 6 Li 3 H (2.74 MeV) + 4 He (2.05 MeV) 1 0 dark s tate HV lab (TRIUMF) in CRM lab, 400 kv HV stack available Test suitable gases, pressures, geometries, surfaces for 15 kv/cm

51 UCN draft schedule 51

52 Xe-129 comagnetometer Xe energy levels hyperfine structure nm nm <5 ns Energy / 10 4 cm ~ 950 nm ~ 250 nm nm 2 X two-photon s elec tion (circularly polarized) 1 dark s tate 0 Excite with polarized two photon XUV, detect emission in NIR. 52 Canadian plan adopted as primary plan for experiment.

Magnetic Shielding T esting Active Compensation: 3- axis f luxgate magnetometer T hree coil- pair s f or unif or m f ield compensat ion in all dir ect ions S of t war e ( Labview) f or aut omat ed

53 Magnetic Shielding T esting Active Compensation: 3- axis f luxgate magnetometer T hree coil- pair s f or unif or m f ield compensat ion in all dir ect ions S of t war e ( Labview) f or aut omat ed cont r ol of coil cur r ent s Bipolar DC amplif ier s (Cent ent CN Watt) Prototype active shield tests show 1/100 suppression of mag. noise Active magnetic shielding in development Passive magnetic shielding prototype funded through CFI, in purchase (UW pol. Xe lab) Coil development, impact of self-shielding Polarized Xe source devel. and characterization (T. Dawson MSc thesis) 53

54 UCN Detectors 6 Li glass scint. (a la G. Ban et al., NIM A 611, 280 (2009)) Fast detector (~250 ns) Two detector system reduces edge events Pile-up: ~30% vs <4% (3x3 Segmentation) GS30 on GS20 scintillators Lightguides PMTs GEANT4 Geometry (simulation) Sensitivity to gamma background 54

55 Baryogenesis, CP-violation and EDM Sakharov Conditions: (A.D. Sakharov, JETP Lett. 5, 24-27, 1967) To produce a matter <-> antimatter asymmetry requires: (1) Baryon number violation Conserved at tree level in the SM More complex SM processes lead to B violation (2) C and CP violation Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism δ KM fails (by several orders of magnitude) to accommodate observed asymmetry (3) Departure from thermal equilibrium Phase transitions Expansion of the Universe Physics with slow neutrons at E18

56 CP violation through nedm H int = µ n σ H MDM d n σ E EDM parity time reversal P T { CP { CP for d n 0 56

57 Differential neutron decay rate Without e - polarization G A from Big A dγ = Γ n 1 + a p e p ν E e E ν + A σ n p e E e + B σ n p ν E ν + D p exp ν E e E ν σ n a, A and B depend on the axial and vector weak coupling constants G A and G V A: correlation of neutron spin and electron momentum 2 λ + Re( λ) GA A= 2, λ = λ G V 57

58 V ud from Big A 58 dγ = Γ n 1 + a p e p ν E e E ν + A σ n p e E e + B σ n p ν E ν + D p exp ν E e E ν σ n Γ n = 1/τ n is total decay rate V = (1.9) s (1 3 ) 2 ud 3 τ n + λ Thus A and τ n gives V ud Alternatively A and V ud gives τ n

59 Funding secured CFI for UCN source at TRIUMF ($4.225M) 2010 Manitoba MRIF + Industry ($0.675M) since 2010 NSERC Project and RTI grants 2014 CFI proposal for EDM experiment completion ($8.9M)

60 The UCN source at TRIUMF 61 Magnetic shielding EDM cell SC polarizer He-II cryostat Cold moderator cryostat Lambertson septum Kicker magnet Spallation target Dipole bender Quads

TRIUMF UCN history so far 62 2006: UCN project

61 TRIUMF UCN history so far : UCN project was first introduced into the 5Y planning 2007: International Workshop UCN sources and Experiments at TRIUMF from J. Martin s talk at the workshop

TRIUMF UCN history so far 63 2006: UCN project was first introduced into the 5Y planning 2007: International Workshop UCN sources and Experiments at TRIUMF 2008: Positive review by TRIUMF s

62 TRIUMF UCN history so far : UCN project was first introduced into the 5Y planning 2007: International Workshop UCN sources and Experiments at TRIUMF 2008: Positive review by TRIUMF s Experiments Evaluation Committee (EEC) 2010: International Review endorses UCN program strongly 2011: MoU between Uwpg, KEK, RCNP and TRIUMF was signed to build a He-II spallation source at KEK/RCNP and move it to TRIUMF to develop and conduct a neutron EDM experiment 2011 to build a dedicated beam line and target at TRIUMF : development of beam line in Meson hall Kicker, septum, bender, focusing elements, diagnostics, target Shielding upgrade clean-up of Meson hall has started

63 Meson Hall Cleanup 64

64 Meson Hall Cleanup 65

65 Meson Hall Cleanup 66

66 Meson Hall Cleanup UCN source 67

67 TRIUMF UCN history so far : UCN project was first introduced into the 5Y planning 2007: International Workshop UCN sources and Experiments at TRIUMF 2008: Positive review by TRIUMF s Experiments Evaluation Committee (EEC) 2010: International Review endorses UCN program strongly 2011: MoU between Uwpg, KEK, RCNP and TRIUMF was signed to build a He-II spallation source at KEK/RCNP and move it to TRIUMF to develop and conduct a neutron EDM experiment to build a dedicated beam line and target at TRIUMF : development of beam line in Meson hall Kicker, septum, bender, focusing elements, diagnostics, target Shielding upgrade clean-up of Meson hall has started 2013: TRIUMF hires are research scientist for UCN (that would be me ) 2014: first substantial installations during the 2014 shutdown

Creation of polarized ultracold neutrons and observation of Ramsey resonance for electric dipole moment measurement

Hyperfine Interact (2013) 220:89 93 DOI 10.1007/s10751-013-0855-0 Creation of polarized ultracold neutrons and observation of Ramsey resonance for electric dipole moment measurement K. Matsuta Y. Masuda